Space Weather EOC. SWEOC "Providing Quick Reference Solar Information"

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Time and Date Standards Space Weather EOC SWEOC "Providing Quick Reference Solar Information" All images and plots are time stamped with UTC (GMT) date and time.

1 Time and Date Standards Space Weather EOC SWEOC "Providing Quick Reference Solar Information" All images and plots are time stamped with UTC (GMT) date and time. Use these references to check your time and date and synchronize with NIST time. Your system time & date: 12:22:44 on Wednesday, November 19, 2014 Adjust this NIST Clock to 24 Hour-UTC to coordinate with images and data plots if required This widget is a public service provided by the Time and Frequency Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It is a web clock showing the official time of day from NIST, displayed as a 12 or 24-hour clock, in a user-selectable time zone. The time reference for the widget is the output of the national time scale called UTC(NIST). It starts with a zero-offset time zone called Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and it is adjusted to the local time based on the client's computer time zone settings. It is not continuously linked to NIST - it re-synchronizes with NIST every 10 minutes. Therefore. this widget is intended as a time-of-day service only. It should not be used to make measurements, nor should it be used to establish traceability to NIST. The widget utilizes the client's computer clock as a timer to measure the round-trip network delay, which is the interval of time starting when the widget sends a time request to the server and ending when the time is displayed in the browser. The accuracy of the time shown will always be better than this round-trip delay. Website: The information and links on this page are provided to you as a quick reference to government and private organizations that monitor atmospheric and space environment conditions. They are structured to be presented on an EOC center computer monitor or projection screen to provide precise and timely data on global conditions that effect radio and electrical systems. Should you encounter links that do not work properly or have questions please use the special message link below. Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 1 of 14

D-RAD (D Region Atmospheric Predictions) is an active realtime page that plots the focal point of a solar flare by region in real solar time

To look at bands in greater detail, use the SWPC link below. full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen.

html SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory) 48 hour kiosk images at AIA 304 (Red) and AIA 171 (Gold) wavelengths.

2 D-RAD (D Region Atmospheric Predictions) is an active realtime page that plots the focal point of a solar flare by region in real solar time (daylight/dark regions). The bar graph shows atmospheric absorption in bands from DC to 35 MHZ. The page auto updates every 60 seconds. To look at bands in greater detail, use the SWPC link below. full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen. This is an off site link to the Space Weather Prediction Center website: Technical Reference: SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory) 48 hour kiosk images at AIA 304 (Red) and AIA 171 (Gold) wavelengths. Both images update as the images are available and display in a continuous loop. Use your web browser refresh or F5 if required. Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 2 of 14

3 full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen. SDO Website: Technical Reference: GOES 13 and GOES 15 Data Plots The six data plots at the left provide continuous satellite altitude monitoring that measure the sun's influence on the atmosphere. Each plot describes the measurement time interval from 1 minute to 3 hours. The time period is detailed at the bottom of each plot. All link to the NWS SWPC website. Some of the plots show actual minimum and maximum period measurements. From this data you can monitor trends. The 1 minute -Ray plot will give the first indications of a solar flare. The 1 minute Magnetometer plot will give the first indications of a CME in progress. full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen. GOES 15 -Ray Events 1-8A Cur 19/2015 C1.0 Ratio Beg 19/1857 C1.0 Max 19/1903 C2.4 Int 1.1e-03 J m -2 End 19/1907 C1.6 The GOES -ray flux plot contains 1 minute averages of solar -rays in the 1-8 Angstrom ( nm) and Angstrom ( nm) pass bands. Data from the SWPC Primary GOES -ray satellite is shown. As Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 3 of 14

4 of Feb 2008, no Secondary GOES -ray satellite data is available. Some data dropouts will occur during satellite eclipses. During the spring and fall, GOES satellites experience eclipses in which the Earth or moon blocks the -ray instrument view to the sun for a short period every day. Eclipse season lasts for about 45 to 60 days and ranges from minutes to just over an hour. At these times there is a gap in the RS signal shown. Other plots of interest: 3-day GOES 5-min -rays; SWPC Real-time Monitors. SWPC -ray alerts are issued at the M5 (5x10E-5 Watts/m2) level, based upon 1-minute data. Large -ray bursts cause short wave fades for HF propagation paths through the sunlit hemisphere. Some large flares are accompanied by strong solar radio bursts that may interfere with satellite downlinks. This page updates dynamically every minute. Webpage: GOES 5-minute averaged integral proton flux (protons/cm2-s-sr) as measured by the SWPC primary GOES satellite for energy thresholds of >=10, >=50, and >=100 MeV. SWPC's proton event threshold is 10 protons/cm2-s-sr at >=10 MeV. Large particle fluxes have been associated with satellite single event upsets (SEUs). This page updates dynamically every 5 minutes. Other SWPC Real-time Monitors Webpage: Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 4 of 14

The GOES -ray Flux plot contains 5 minute averages of solar -ray output in the 1-8 Angstrom (0.1-0.8 nm) and 0.5-4.0 Angstrom (0.05-0.4 nm) pass bands.

Other plots of interest: A black background version of this plot; GOES 1-min -rays; SWPC Real-time Monitors.

5 The GOES -ray Flux plot contains 5 minute averages of solar -ray output in the 1-8 Angstrom ( nm) and Angstrom ( nm) pass bands. Data from the SWPC Primary and Secondary GOES -ray satellites are shown. Some data dropouts from the Primary satellite will occur during satellite eclipses. Other plots of interest: A black background version of this plot; GOES 1-min -rays; SWPC Real-time Monitors. SWPC -ray alerts are issued at the M5 (5x10E-5 Watts/m2) and 1 (1x10E-4 Watts/m2) levels, based upon 1-minute data. Large -ray bursts cause short wave fades for HF propagation paths through the sunlit hemisphere. Some large flares are accompanied by strong solar radio bursts that may interfere with satellite downlinks. This page updates dynamically every 5 minutes. Webpage: The Estimated 3-hour Planetary Kp-index is derived at the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center using data from the following ground-based magnetometers: Sitka, Alaska; Meanook, Canada; Ottawa, Canada; Fredericksburg, Virginia; Hartland, UK; Wingst, Germany; Niemegk, Germany; and Canberra, Australia. These data are made available thanks to the cooperative efforts between SWPC and data providers around the world, which currently includes the U.S. Geological Survey, Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the British Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 5 of 14

6 Geological Survey, the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), and Geoscience Australia. Important magnetometer observations are also contributed by the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris and the Korean Space Weather Center Other SWPC Real-time Monitors Kp-indices of 5 or greater indicate storm-level geomagnetic activity. Geomagnetic storms have been associated with satellite surface charging and increased atmospheric drag. For more information see The K-index or SWPC Education page. This page updates dynamically every 5 minutes. Webpage: The GOES Hp plot contains the 1-minute averaged parallel component of the magnetic field in nanoteslas (nt), as measured at GOES-13 (W75) and GOES-15 (W89). The Hp component is perpendicular to the satellite orbit plane and Hp is essentially parallel to Earth's rotation axis. If these data drop to near zero, or less, when the satellite is on the dayside it may be due to a compression of Earth's magnetopause to within geosynchronous orbit, exposing satellites to negative and/or highly variable magnetic fields. On the night side, a near zero, or less, value of the field indicates strong currents that are often associated with substorms and an intensification of currents in the Earth's geomagnetic tail. Noon and midnight local time at the satellite are plotted as N and M. Default scaling is 0 to 200 nanotesla. Non-default scaling to include infrequent extreme values is labeled in red to emphasize the change in scale. This page updates dynamically every 5 minutes. Other SWPC Real-time Monitors Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 6 of 14

Webpage: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/rt_plots/mag_3d.html This electron flux plot contains the 5-minute averaged integral electron flux (electrons/cm2-s-sr) with energies greater than or equal to 0.

7 Webpage: This electron flux plot contains the 5-minute averaged integral electron flux (electrons/cm2-s-sr) with energies greater than or equal to 0.8 MeV and greater than or equal to 2 MeV at GOES-13 (W75). These data are invalid during a significant proton event because of sensor contamination at the GOES spacecraft. Enhanced fluxes of electrons for an extended period of time have been associated with deep dielectric charging anomalies. Noon and midnight local time at the satellites are plotted as N and M. This page updates dynamically every 5 minutes. Other SWPC Real-time Monitors Webpage: GOES 13 and GOES 15 1 minute Data Plots. These two plots are the same as above combined together on one screen Page is set for Autorefresh every 60 seconds. Plots are updated when data is aquired from the satellite Click on plots and use F11. SWPC. Website: Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 7 of 14

U of Colorado EVE. Website: http://lasp.colorado.edu/home/eve/ Technical Reference: http://lasp.colorado.edu/home/eve/data/data-access/ University of Colorado EVE Solar Activity.

8 SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory) EVE Diodes. Click on the image at the left to go directly to the page. Most web browsers use F11 to view full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen. Page is set for Autorefresh every 60 seconds. Images updated when aquired from the satellite. U of Colorado EVE. Website: Technical Reference: University of Colorado EVE Solar Activity. This plot details solar flare activity and the origin of the flare on the surface of the sun. full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen. Page is set for Autorefresh every 60 seconds. Plot is updated when aquired from the satellite. University of Colorado EVE. Website: SDO EVE Data Plots: Website: Technical Reference: Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 8 of 14

GOES 13 and GOES 15 Satellite Plots The two data plots at the left provide continuous satellite altitude monitoring that measure the sun's influence on the atmosphere.

9 GOES 13 and GOES 15 Satellite Plots The two data plots at the left provide continuous satellite altitude monitoring that measure the sun's influence on the atmosphere. All plots are updated as data is made available. The rotating solar image shows the solar surface in a 360 degree view from the STEREO A Spacecraft and Earth based observations. full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen. Page AutoUpdates every 60 seconds. Space Weather Prediction Center: STEREO Global Image: This movie shows a spherical map of the Sun as it currently appears, formed from a combination of the latest STEREO Ahead and Behind beacon images, along with an SDO/AIA image in between. The movie starts with the view of the Sun as seen from Earth, with the 0 degree meridian line in the middle. The map then rotates through 360 degrees to show the part of the Sun not visible from Earth. STEREO Website: Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 9 of 14

GOES 15 SI (Solar ray Imager) provides continuous x-ray images (when the satellite is in position) of the Earth facing side of the sun. Solar flares appear as bright flashes 8 minutes after onset.

The image is updated after satellite has completed transmission about every 8 minutes when available. full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen.

10 GOES 15 SI (Solar ray Imager) provides continuous x-ray images (when the satellite is in position) of the Earth facing side of the sun. Solar flares appear as bright flashes 8 minutes after onset. The satellite, like others, can be blinded by an intense flare and may shut down for a period of time. The webpage updates at 1 minute intervals. The image is updated after satellite has completed transmission about every 8 minutes when available. full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen. GOES SI Website: Technical Reference: WSA-Enlil Solar Wind Prediction is a tool for the arrival time of solar storms based on the latest satellite data. An explanation of the graphs and charts is located at the bottom of the webpage after loading. Te pin wheel plots rotate to show the relative position and predicted arrival times of CME's. full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen. Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 10 of 14

During fair-weather conditions the solar wind still contains significant variations in density and speed which originate at the solar surface and are imparted with a spiral appearance due to the

11 About the Model Shown above is the latest forecast of conditions in the solar wind, as predicted by the WSA-Enlil model. The solar wind is a fast-moving stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun and moving outwards towards the Earth and planets. During fair-weather conditions the solar wind still contains significant variations in density and speed which originate at the solar surface and are imparted with a spiral appearance due to the Sun's roughly 27 day rotation. At irregular intervals the fair-weather is interrupted by major solar eruptions known as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) which are propelled outwards into the background wind. Variations in the plasma density and speed within these solar storms can be much more dramatic than during quiet conditions. For both fairweather and storm conditions, predicting the arrival at Earth of variations in the solar wind is important because these can lead to geomagnetic storms. About the Plots The top row plots show predictions of the solar wind density. The bottom row plots show solar wind velocity. The circular plots on the left are a view from above the North Pole of the Sun and Earth, as if looking down from above. The Sun is the yellow dot in the center and the Earth is the green dot on the right. Also shown are the locations of the two STEREO satellites. These plots often depict spiral structures, due to solar rotation, as described above. The wedge-shaped plots in the center provide a side view, with north at the top and south at the bottom. The graphs on the right show the model predictions for the time evolution of density and velocity at the locations of Earth and of the two STEREO spacecraft. The yellow vertical line is in sync with the movies on the left, so it is possible to see how values of density and velocity correspond to particular solar wind structures. A model run mode for WSA-Enlil is indicated at the bottom: Ambient means that the model has been run in the quiet, fair-weather, mode while CME indicates a dynamic model run containing a prediction of one or multiple CMEs which may be directed towards Earth, or Geo-effective. SWPC WSA Emil Website: Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 11 of 14

12 ACE RTSW SWEPAM and MAG Plots. The two plots on the left provide real-time data from the ACE spacecraft. This data provides detailed information regarding atmospheric conditions. full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen. Images Autorefresh every 60 seconds. ACE: ACE RTSW News and Announcements Dynamic ACE RTSW Plots Dur SOLAR WIND: Mag field & Plasma Magnetic Field Plasma Low Energy Electrons & Protons Low Energy Electrons Low Energy Protons High Energy Protons 2 hrs MAG_SWEPAM MAG SWEPAM EPAM EPAMe EPAMp SIS 6 hrs MAG_SWEPAM MAG SWEPAM EPAM EPAMe EPAMp SIS 24 hrs MAG_SWEPAM MAG SWEPAM EPAM EPAMe EPAMp SIS 3 days MAG_SWEPAM MAG SWEPAM EPAM EPAMe EPAMp SIS 7 days MAG_SWEPAM MAG SWEPAM EPAM EPAMe EPAMp SIS ACE RTSW data are real-time "ESTIMATED" data processed for operational use. Do not cite. 2-, 6-, and 24-hour plots automatically update at the averaged data rate (1 or 5 minutes). 3-day and 7-day plots update once an hour. Static Filenames for ACE RTSW plots Warning:Many browser cache images, which means a filename is requested a second time the browser uses the latest image in its cache, it does NOT download the most recent image. This can happen even after restarting the browser or machine. To get the most recent image select "Refresh" or "Reload". If a new image is not downloaded, try "shift Reload". Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 12 of 14

Available Real Time Solar Wind Data ACE Instrument Data EPAM 2 Electron channels 5 Proton channels anisotropy MAG Bx, By, Bz, Bt, theta, phi SIS Protons >10, >30 MeV SWEPAM Density, Temp.

13 Available Real Time Solar Wind Data ACE Instrument Data EPAM 2 Electron channels 5 Proton channels anisotropy MAG Bx, By, Bz, Bt, theta, phi SIS Protons >10, >30 MeV SWEPAM Density, Temp., Speed Spacecraft Position x, y, z in GSE 1-minute average 5-minute average 1-hour average Last updated May 19, 2011 SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory) solar image gallery. This page provides continuous monitoring of (11 optical and 1 magnetic) images from the SDO satellite. To view individual images go directly to the SDO website. Note: Each image can be viewed individually in different resolutions at: Images are displayed as available from the satellite. Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 13 of 14

Most web browsers use F11 to view full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen. Page is set for Auto refresh every 60 seconds.

14 Most web browsers use F11 to view full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen. Page is set for Auto refresh every 60 seconds. ALL images update when aquired from the satellite. SDO Website: SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory) AIA LMSAL solar image/plot. This page provides continuous monitoring of solar activity with Lmsal overlay of associated magnetic fields. Use this image to view magnetic orientation with Earth. Images are displayed as available from the satellite. Note: Each image can be viewed individually in different resolutions at: They are listed on the webpage as PFSS Filenames. full screen after the page loads and F11 again to restore your screen. Page is set for Auto refresh every 60 seconds. Images update when acquired from the satellite. LMSAL Website: SDO Website: Space Weather EOC Information Kit 11/19/20146:30:15 PM Page 14 of 14

Using This Flip Chart

Using This Flip Chart Solar storms can cause fluctuations in the magnetosphere called magnetic storms. These magnetic storms have disabled satellites and burned out transformers shutting down power grids.