Confidence Interval for one population mean or one population proportion, continued. 1. Sample size estimation based on the large sample C.I.
|
|
- Mavis Mosley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Cofidece Iterval for oe populatio mea or oe populatio proportio, cotiued 1. ample size estimatio based o the large sample C.I. for p ˆ(1 ˆ) ˆ(1 ˆ) From the iterval ˆ p p Z p ˆ, p Z p p L legh of your 100(1 )% CI Z pˆ (1 pˆ ) L,, pˆ are give ad we are iterested i sample size. Therefore, 1 1 4( Z ) 1 4( Z ) p(1 p) ( Z ) L L L ˆ ˆ (Whe 1 pˆ, it has the maximum value.) Example 1. Example. L 0.0, 0.05, pˆ 0.54? L 0.0, 0.05, pˆ 0.5?. ample size calculatio for p based o the maximum error E. Defiitio. P( pˆ p E) 1 We wat to estimate p withi E with a probability of (1 ). Derive the formula for 1
2 ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ) ice whe the sample size is large, by the CLT we have: ( ) ( ) Thus ( ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 Whe p is ukow, we ca plug i the estimate of p,, ad obtai the followig formula: ( ) ( ) Recall we also derived based o L - the legth of the 100(1 ) % large sample cofidece iterval for p. Their relatioship (usig the secod formula for sample size calculatio because our CI formula was basd o the secod PQ where we estimated the p i the deomiator) is L E Recall we also derived based o L - the legth of the 100(1 ) % large sample cofidece iterval for p. Their relatioship is L E P( pˆ p E) 1 P( E pˆ p E) 1 P( E pˆ p E pˆ ) 1 P( pˆ E p pˆ E) 1 The 100(1 ) % cofidece iterval for p is pˆ E, pˆ E. L pˆ E pˆ E E The legth of the cofidece iterval is Example 3. I order to estimate the percet of childre with iadequate immuizatio to be withi 0.05 of the true proportio with a probability of 98% (a) How may childre should be sampled? olutio. E 0.05, Z (0.05).33 4 (0.05) 543 3
4 (b) If the percetage of childre with iadequate immuizatio is estimated to be 0%, the? olutio. pˆ 0% Z (0.05) ample size calculates for 1 populatio proportios based o the maximum error E. 3. Cofidece Iterval for 1 populatio mea There are 4 scearios we cover oly the first 3 scearios i our class. 1. Normal populatio, a. Poit Estimator : X is kow. X b. Pivotal Quatity : Z ~ N(0,1) c. 100(1 )% CI for : P( Z Z Z ) 1 X Z d. Legth of CI : L Z e. ample size based o L : f. ample size based o E P( X E) 1 P( E X E) 1 4 Z L P( X E X E) 1 L X E X E E Z E. Normal populatio, a. Poit Estimator : X is ukow. 4
5 X b. Pivotal Quatity : T ~ t 1 c. 100(1 )% CI for : P( t T t ) 1 X t 1, 1, 1, d. Legth of CI : L t 1, e. ample size based o L : f. ample size based o E P( X E) 1 t 1, 4 L P( E X E) 1 P( X E X E) 1 L X E X E E t 1, E 3. Ay populatios, large sample a. Poit Estimator : X b. Pivotal Quatity : X X Z ~ N(0,1) or Z ~ N(0,1) c. 100(1 )% CI for : P( Z Z Z ) 1 X Z X Z d. Legth of CI : L Z or L Z e. ample size based o L : 4 Z 4 Z or L L f. ample size based o E 5
6 P( X E) 1 P( E X E) 1 P( X E X E) 1 L X E X E E Z Z or E E 4. There also exist other cases, but we do t cover those i our class. Now I will preset more details for ceario metioed above. cearios 1 & 3 (easy) ceario : ormal populatio, ukow 1. Poit estimatio : X. Z ~ N(0,1) X ~ N(, ) 3. Theorem. amplig from ormal populatio a. Z ~ N (0,1) 1 b. W ~ 1 c. Z ad W are idepedet. Z X Defiitio. T ~ t 1 W ( 1) Derivatio of CI, ormal populatio, is ukow X ~ N(, ) is ot a pivotal quatity. X ~ N(0, ) is ot a pivotal quatity. 6
7 X Z ~ N(0,1) is ot a pivotal quatity. / Remove!!! X Therefore T ~ t 1 is a pivotal quatity. / Now we will use this pivotal quatity to derive the 100(1-α)% cofidece iterval for μ. We start by plottig the pdf of the t-distributio with -1 degrees of freedom as follows: The above pdf plot correspods to the followig probability statemet: P( t T t ) 1 1, / 1, / X P( t t ) 1 / => 1, / 1, / 7
8 P( t X t ) 1 => 1, / 1, / P( X t X t ) 1 => 1, / 1, / P( X t X t ) 1 => 1, / 1, / P( X t X t ) 1 => 1, / 1, / => Thus the 100(1 )% C.I. for whe is ukow is [ X t 1, /, X t 1, / ]. (*Please ote that t 1, / Z/ ) Example 4. I a radom sample of 36 parochial schools throughout the south, the average umber of pupils per school is 379. with a stadard deviatio of 14. Use the sample to costruct a 95% CI for, the mea umber of pupils per school for all parochial schools i the south. olutio. CI for, large sample 36, X 379., 14, = % CI for is X Z , Example 5. I a psychological depth-perceptio test, a radom sample of 14 airlie pilots were asked to judge the distace betwee markers at the other ed of a laboratory. The data (i test) are 8
9 .7,.4, 1.9,.4, 1.9,.3,.,.5,.3, 1.8,.5,.0,.,.6 Please costruct a 95% CI for, the average distace. olutio. (Note: we ca perform the hapiro-wilk test to examie whether the sample comes from a ormal populatio or ot. This test is ot required i our class. Here we simply assume the populatio is ormal. I will always give you such iformatio i the exams.) CI for, small sample, ormal populatio, populatio variace ukow. 14, X.6, 0.8, = % CI for is X t 1, ,.4 Example 6. A federal agecy has decided to ivestigate the advertised weight we prited o cartos of a certai brad of cereal. Historical data show that 0.75 ouce. If we wish to estimate the weight withi 0.5 ouce with 99% cofidece, how may cartos should be sampled? olutio. E 0.5, 0.75, 0.01 Z Example 7. (review of exact CI for mea whe the populatio is ormal ad the populatio variace is kow.) (PU). A radom sample of 16 police officers subjected to costat ihalatio of automobile exhaust fumes i dowtow Cairo had a average blood lead level cocetratio of 9. μg/dl. Assume X, the blood lead level of a radomly selected policema, is ormally distributed with a stadard deviatio of σ = 7.5 μg/dl. Historically, it is kow that the average blood lead level cocetratio of humas with o exposure to automobile exhaust is 18. μg/dl. Is there covicig evidece that policeme exposed to costat auto exhaust have 9
10 elevated blood lead level cocetratios? (Data source: Kamal, Eldamaty, ad Faris, "Blood lead level of Cairo traffic policeme," ciece of the Total Eviromet, 105(1991): ) olutio. Let's try to aswer the questio by calculatig a 95% cofidece iterval for the populatio mea. For a 95% cofidece iterval, 1 α = 0.95, so that α = 0.05 ad α/ = Therefore, as the followig diagram illustrates the situatio, z 0.05 = 1.96: Now, substitutig i what we kow ( = 9., = 16, σ = 7.5, ad z 0.05 = 1.96) ito the the formula for a Z-iterval for a mea, we get: [ ] [ ] implifyig, we get a 95% cofidece iterval for the mea blood lead level cocetratio of all policeme exposed to costat auto exhaust: [7.89, 30.51] That is, we ca be 95% cofidet that the mea blood lead level cocetratio of all policeme exposed to costat auto exhaust is 10
11 betwee 7.9 μg/dl ad 30.5 μg/dl. Note that the iterval does ot cotai the value 18., the average blood lead level cocetratio of humas with o exposure to automobile exhaust. I fact, all of the values i the cofidece iterval are much greater tha 18.. Therefore, there is covicig evidece that policeme exposed to costat auto exhaust have elevated blood lead level cocetratios. Example 8. (Large sample CI for populatio mea, variace ukow) (BU) Descriptive statistics o variables measured i a sample of a =3,539 participats attedig the 7th examiatio of the offsprig i the Framigham Heart tudy are show below. Characteristic ample Mea tadard Deviatio (s) ystolic Blood Pressure Diastolic Blood Pressure Total erum Cholesterol 3, , , Weight 3, Height 3, Body Mass Idex 3, Because the sample is large, we ca geerate a 95% cofidece iterval for systolic blood pressure usig the followig formula: [ ] 11
12 ubstitutig the sample statistics ad the Z value for 95% cofidece,, we have [ ] [ ] Therefore, the poit estimate for the true mea systolic blood pressure i the populatio is 17.3, ad we are 95% cofidet that the true mea is betwee 16.7 ad The margi of error is very small (the cofidece iterval is arrow), because the sample size is large. Example 9. (mall sample CI for populatio mea, variace ukow, NORMAL POPULATION) (BU) The table below shows data o a subsample of =10 participats i the 7th examiatio of the Framigham offsprig tudy. Characteristic ample Mea tadard Deviatio (s) ystolic Blood Pressure Diastolic Blood Pressure Total erum Cholesterol Weight Height Body Mass Idex uppose we compute a 95% cofidece iterval for the true systolic blood pressure usig data i the subsample. Because the sample size is small, we must ow use the cofidece iterval formula that ivolves t rather tha Z. [ ] 1
13 The sample size is =10, the degrees of freedom (df) = -1 = 9. The t value for 95% cofidece with df = 9 is =.6. ubstitutig the sample statistics ad the t value for 95% cofidece, we have. Iterpretatio: Based o this sample of size =10, our best estimate of the true mea systolic blood pressure i the populatio is 11.. Based o this sample, we are 95% cofidet that the true systolic blood pressure i the populatio is betwee ad Note that the margi of error is larger here primarily due to the small sample size. 13
Interval Estimation (Confidence Interval = C.I.): An interval estimate of some population parameter is an interval of the form (, ),
Cofidece Iterval Estimatio Problems Suppose we have a populatio with some ukow parameter(s). Example: Normal(,) ad are parameters. We eed to draw coclusios (make ifereces) about the ukow parameters. We
More informationA quick activity - Central Limit Theorem and Proportions. Lecture 21: Testing Proportions. Results from the GSS. Statistics and the General Population
A quick activity - Cetral Limit Theorem ad Proportios Lecture 21: Testig Proportios Statistics 10 Coli Rudel Flip a coi 30 times this is goig to get loud! Record the umber of heads you obtaied ad calculate
More informationLecture 5. Materials Covered: Chapter 6 Suggested Exercises: 6.7, 6.9, 6.17, 6.20, 6.21, 6.41, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53, 6.62, 6.63.
STT 315, Summer 006 Lecture 5 Materials Covered: Chapter 6 Suggested Exercises: 67, 69, 617, 60, 61, 641, 649, 65, 653, 66, 663 1 Defiitios Cofidece Iterval: A cofidece iterval is a iterval believed to
More informationStatistical Inference (Chapter 10) Statistical inference = learn about a population based on the information provided by a sample.
Statistical Iferece (Chapter 10) Statistical iferece = lear about a populatio based o the iformatio provided by a sample. Populatio: The set of all values of a radom variable X of iterest. Characterized
More informationSTA Learning Objectives. Population Proportions. Module 10 Comparing Two Proportions. Upon completing this module, you should be able to:
STA 2023 Module 10 Comparig Two Proportios Learig Objectives Upo completig this module, you should be able to: 1. Perform large-sample ifereces (hypothesis test ad cofidece itervals) to compare two populatio
More informationStatistics 300: Elementary Statistics
Statistics 300: Elemetary Statistics Sectios 7-, 7-3, 7-4, 7-5 Parameter Estimatio Poit Estimate Best sigle value to use Questio What is the probability this estimate is the correct value? Parameter Estimatio
More informationTopic 9: Sampling Distributions of Estimators
Topic 9: Samplig Distributios of Estimators Course 003, 2016 Page 0 Samplig distributios of estimators Sice our estimators are statistics (particular fuctios of radom variables), their distributio ca be
More informationStatistics 511 Additional Materials
Cofidece Itervals o mu Statistics 511 Additioal Materials This topic officially moves us from probability to statistics. We begi to discuss makig ifereces about the populatio. Oe way to differetiate probability
More informationStatistical Intervals for a Single Sample
3/5/06 Applied Statistics ad Probability for Egieers Sixth Editio Douglas C. Motgomery George C. Ruger Chapter 8 Statistical Itervals for a Sigle Sample 8 CHAPTER OUTLINE 8- Cofidece Iterval o the Mea
More informationChapter 22. Comparing Two Proportions. Copyright 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 22 Comparig Two Proportios Copyright 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearso Educatio, Ic. Comparig Two Proportios Read the first two paragraphs of pg 504. Comparisos betwee two percetages are much more commo
More informationMathacle. PSet Stats, Concepts In Statistics Level Number Name: Date:
PSet ----- Stats, Cocepts I Statistics 7.3. Cofidece Iterval for a Mea i Oe Sample [MATH] The Cetral Limit Theorem. Let...,,, be idepedet, idetically distributed (i.i.d.) radom variables havig mea µ ad
More information- E < p. ˆ p q ˆ E = q ˆ = 1 - p ˆ = sample proportion of x failures in a sample size of n. where. x n sample proportion. population proportion
1 Chapter 7 ad 8 Review for Exam Chapter 7 Estimates ad Sample Sizes 2 Defiitio Cofidece Iterval (or Iterval Estimate) a rage (or a iterval) of values used to estimate the true value of the populatio parameter
More informationOverview. p 2. Chapter 9. Pooled Estimate of. q = 1 p. Notation for Two Proportions. Inferences about Two Proportions. Assumptions
Chapter 9 Slide Ifereces from Two Samples 9- Overview 9- Ifereces about Two Proportios 9- Ifereces about Two Meas: Idepedet Samples 9-4 Ifereces about Matched Pairs 9-5 Comparig Variatio i Two Samples
More informationChapter 22. Comparing Two Proportions. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 22 Comparig Two Proportios Copyright 2010 Pearso Educatio, Ic. Comparig Two Proportios Comparisos betwee two percetages are much more commo tha questios about isolated percetages. Ad they are more
More informationUNIT 8: INTRODUCTION TO INTERVAL ESTIMATION
STATISTICAL METHODS FOR BUSINESS UNIT 8: INTRODUCTION TO INTERVAL ESTIMATION 8..- Itroductio to iterval estimatio 8..- Cofidece itervals. Costructio ad characteristics 8.3.- Cofidece itervals for the mea
More informationTopic 9: Sampling Distributions of Estimators
Topic 9: Samplig Distributios of Estimators Course 003, 2018 Page 0 Samplig distributios of estimators Sice our estimators are statistics (particular fuctios of radom variables), their distributio ca be
More informationExam II Covers. STA 291 Lecture 19. Exam II Next Tuesday 5-7pm Memorial Hall (Same place as exam I) Makeup Exam 7:15pm 9:15pm Location CB 234
STA 291 Lecture 19 Exam II Next Tuesday 5-7pm Memorial Hall (Same place as exam I) Makeup Exam 7:15pm 9:15pm Locatio CB 234 STA 291 - Lecture 19 1 Exam II Covers Chapter 9 10.1; 10.2; 10.3; 10.4; 10.6
More information7-1. Chapter 4. Part I. Sampling Distributions and Confidence Intervals
7-1 Chapter 4 Part I. Samplig Distributios ad Cofidece Itervals 1 7- Sectio 1. Samplig Distributio 7-3 Usig Statistics Statistical Iferece: Predict ad forecast values of populatio parameters... Test hypotheses
More informationTopic 9: Sampling Distributions of Estimators
Topic 9: Samplig Distributios of Estimators Course 003, 2018 Page 0 Samplig distributios of estimators Sice our estimators are statistics (particular fuctios of radom variables), their distributio ca be
More informationSample Size Determination (Two or More Samples)
Sample Sie Determiatio (Two or More Samples) STATGRAPHICS Rev. 963 Summary... Data Iput... Aalysis Summary... 5 Power Curve... 5 Calculatios... 6 Summary This procedure determies a suitable sample sie
More information1 Inferential Methods for Correlation and Regression Analysis
1 Iferetial Methods for Correlatio ad Regressio Aalysis I the chapter o Correlatio ad Regressio Aalysis tools for describig bivariate cotiuous data were itroduced. The sample Pearso Correlatio Coefficiet
More informationS160 #12. Sampling Distribution of the Proportion, Part 2. JC Wang. February 25, 2016
S160 #12 Samplig Distributio of the Proportio, Part 2 JC Wag February 25, 2016 Outlie 1 Estimatig Proportio Usig Itervals Cofidece Iterval for the Populatio Proportio iclicker Questios 2 JC Wag (WMU) S160
More informationMATH/STAT 352: Lecture 15
MATH/STAT 352: Lecture 15 Sectios 5.2 ad 5.3. Large sample CI for a proportio ad small sample CI for a mea. 1 5.2: Cofidece Iterval for a Proportio Estimatig proportio of successes i a biomial experimet
More informationS160 #12. Review of Large Sample Result for Sample Proportion
S160 #12 Samplig Distributio of the Proportio, Part 2 JC Wag February 25, 2016 Review of Large Sample Result for Sample Proportio Recall that for large sample (ie, sample size is large, say p > 5 ad (1
More informationAP Statistics Review Ch. 8
AP Statistics Review Ch. 8 Name 1. Each figure below displays the samplig distributio of a statistic used to estimate a parameter. The true value of the populatio parameter is marked o each samplig distributio.
More informationMOST PEOPLE WOULD RATHER LIVE WITH A PROBLEM THEY CAN'T SOLVE, THAN ACCEPT A SOLUTION THEY CAN'T UNDERSTAND.
XI-1 (1074) MOST PEOPLE WOULD RATHER LIVE WITH A PROBLEM THEY CAN'T SOLVE, THAN ACCEPT A SOLUTION THEY CAN'T UNDERSTAND. R. E. D. WOOLSEY AND H. S. SWANSON XI-2 (1075) STATISTICAL DECISION MAKING Advaced
More informationInferential Statistics. Inference Process. Inferential Statistics and Probability a Holistic Approach. Inference Process.
Iferetial Statistics ad Probability a Holistic Approach Iferece Process Chapter 8 Poit Estimatio ad Cofidece Itervals This Course Material by Maurice Geraghty is licesed uder a Creative Commos Attributio-ShareAlike
More informationChapter 8: Estimating with Confidence
Chapter 8: Estimatig with Cofidece Sectio 8.2 The Practice of Statistics, 4 th editio For AP* STARNES, YATES, MOORE Chapter 8 Estimatig with Cofidece 8.1 Cofidece Itervals: The Basics 8.2 8.3 Estimatig
More information(7 One- and Two-Sample Estimation Problem )
34 Stat Lecture Notes (7 Oe- ad Two-Sample Estimatio Problem ) ( Book*: Chapter 8,pg65) Probability& Statistics for Egieers & Scietists By Walpole, Myers, Myers, Ye Estimatio 1 ) ( ˆ S P i i Poit estimate:
More informationCH19 Confidence Intervals for Proportions. Confidence intervals Construct confidence intervals for population proportions
CH19 Cofidece Itervals for Proportios Cofidece itervals Costruct cofidece itervals for populatio proportios Motivatio Motivatio We are iterested i the populatio proportio who support Mr. Obama. This sample
More informationBIOS 4110: Introduction to Biostatistics. Breheny. Lab #9
BIOS 4110: Itroductio to Biostatistics Brehey Lab #9 The Cetral Limit Theorem is very importat i the realm of statistics, ad today's lab will explore the applicatio of it i both categorical ad cotiuous
More informationAgreement of CI and HT. Lecture 13 - Tests of Proportions. Example - Waiting Times
Sigificace level vs. cofidece level Agreemet of CI ad HT Lecture 13 - Tests of Proportios Sta102 / BME102 Coli Rudel October 15, 2014 Cofidece itervals ad hypothesis tests (almost) always agree, as log
More informationConfidence Intervals QMET103
Cofidece Itervals QMET103 Library, Teachig ad Learig CONFIDENCE INTERVALS provide a iterval estimate of the ukow populatio parameter. What is a cofidece iterval? Statisticias have a habit of hedgig their
More informationMBACATÓLICA. Quantitative Methods. Faculdade de Ciências Económicas e Empresariais UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA PORTUGUESA 9. SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS
MBACATÓLICA Quatitative Methods Miguel Gouveia Mauel Leite Moteiro Faculdade de Ciêcias Ecoómicas e Empresariais UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA PORTUGUESA 9. SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS MBACatólica 006/07 Métodos Quatitativos
More informationDirection: This test is worth 150 points. You are required to complete this test within 55 minutes.
Term Test 3 (Part A) November 1, 004 Name Math 6 Studet Number Directio: This test is worth 10 poits. You are required to complete this test withi miutes. I order to receive full credit, aswer each problem
More informationENGI 4421 Confidence Intervals (Two Samples) Page 12-01
ENGI 44 Cofidece Itervals (Two Samples) Page -0 Two Sample Cofidece Iterval for a Differece i Populatio Meas [Navidi sectios 5.4-5.7; Devore chapter 9] From the cetral limit theorem, we kow that, for sufficietly
More informationTopic 10: Introduction to Estimation
Topic 0: Itroductio to Estimatio Jue, 0 Itroductio I the simplest possible terms, the goal of estimatio theory is to aswer the questio: What is that umber? What is the legth, the reactio rate, the fractio
More informationInstructor: Judith Canner Spring 2010 CONFIDENCE INTERVALS How do we make inferences about the population parameters?
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS How do we make ifereces about the populatio parameters? The samplig distributio allows us to quatify the variability i sample statistics icludig how they differ from the parameter
More informationMIT : Quantitative Reasoning and Statistical Methods for Planning I
MIT 11.220 Sprig 06 Recitatio 4 March 16, 2006 MIT - 11.220: Quatitative Reasoig ad Statistical Methods for Plaig I Recitatio #4: Sprig 2006 Cofidece Itervals ad Hypothesis Testig I. Cofidece Iterval 1.
More informationSTAT 155 Introductory Statistics Chapter 6: Introduction to Inference. Lecture 18: Estimation with Confidence
The UNIVERSITY of NORTH CAROLINA at CHAPEL HILL STAT 155 Itroductory Statistics Chapter 6: Itroductio to Iferece Lecture 18: Estimatio with Cofidece 11/14/06 Lecture 18 1 Itroductio Statistical Iferece
More informationConfidence Interval for Standard Deviation of Normal Distribution with Known Coefficients of Variation
Cofidece Iterval for tadard Deviatio of Normal Distributio with Kow Coefficiets of Variatio uparat Niwitpog Departmet of Applied tatistics, Faculty of Applied ciece Kig Mogkut s Uiversity of Techology
More informationClass 23. Daniel B. Rowe, Ph.D. Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science. Marquette University MATH 1700
Class 23 Daiel B. Rowe, Ph.D. Departmet of Mathematics, Statistics, ad Computer Sciece Copyright 2017 by D.B. Rowe 1 Ageda: Recap Chapter 9.1 Lecture Chapter 9.2 Review Exam 6 Problem Solvig Sessio. 2
More informationEcon 325 Notes on Point Estimator and Confidence Interval 1 By Hiro Kasahara
Poit Estimator Eco 325 Notes o Poit Estimator ad Cofidece Iterval 1 By Hiro Kasahara Parameter, Estimator, ad Estimate The ormal probability desity fuctio is fully characterized by two costats: populatio
More informationCommon Large/Small Sample Tests 1/55
Commo Large/Small Sample Tests 1/55 Test of Hypothesis for the Mea (σ Kow) Covert sample result ( x) to a z value Hypothesis Tests for µ Cosider the test H :μ = μ H 1 :μ > μ σ Kow (Assume the populatio
More informationData Analysis and Statistical Methods Statistics 651
Data Aalysis ad Statistical Methods Statistics 651 http://www.stat.tamu.edu/~suhasii/teachig.html Suhasii Subba Rao Review of testig: Example The admistrator of a ursig home wats to do a time ad motio
More informationStat 421-SP2012 Interval Estimation Section
Stat 41-SP01 Iterval Estimatio Sectio 11.1-11. We ow uderstad (Chapter 10) how to fid poit estimators of a ukow parameter. o However, a poit estimate does ot provide ay iformatio about the ucertaity (possible
More informationFinal Examination Solutions 17/6/2010
The Islamic Uiversity of Gaza Faculty of Commerce epartmet of Ecoomics ad Political Scieces A Itroductio to Statistics Course (ECOE 30) Sprig Semester 009-00 Fial Eamiatio Solutios 7/6/00 Name: I: Istructor:
More informationSection 9.2. Tests About a Population Proportion 12/17/2014. Carrying Out a Significance Test H A N T. Parameters & Hypothesis
Sectio 9.2 Tests About a Populatio Proportio P H A N T O M S Parameters Hypothesis Assess Coditios Name the Test Test Statistic (Calculate) Obtai P value Make a decisio State coclusio Sectio 9.2 Tests
More informationConfidence Intervals for the Population Proportion p
Cofidece Itervals for the Populatio Proportio p The cocept of cofidece itervals for the populatio proportio p is the same as the oe for, the samplig distributio of the mea, x. The structure is idetical:
More informationUnit 6 Estimation Week #10 - Practice Problems SOLUTIONS
PubHlth 540 Itroductory Biostatistics Page of 7 Uit 6 Estimatio Week #0 - Practice Problems SOLUTIONS. A etomologist samples a field for egg masses of a harmful isect by placig a yardsquare frame at radom
More informationChapter 6 Sampling Distributions
Chapter 6 Samplig Distributios 1 I most experimets, we have more tha oe measuremet for ay give variable, each measuremet beig associated with oe radomly selected a member of a populatio. Hece we eed to
More informationBig Picture. 5. Data, Estimates, and Models: quantifying the accuracy of estimates.
5. Data, Estimates, ad Models: quatifyig the accuracy of estimates. 5. Estimatig a Normal Mea 5.2 The Distributio of the Normal Sample Mea 5.3 Normal data, cofidece iterval for, kow 5.4 Normal data, cofidece
More informationStat 200 -Testing Summary Page 1
Stat 00 -Testig Summary Page 1 Mathematicias are like Frechme; whatever you say to them, they traslate it ito their ow laguage ad forthwith it is somethig etirely differet Goethe 1 Large Sample Cofidece
More informationApril 18, 2017 CONFIDENCE INTERVALS AND HYPOTHESIS TESTING, UNDERGRADUATE MATH 526 STYLE
April 18, 2017 CONFIDENCE INTERVALS AND HYPOTHESIS TESTING, UNDERGRADUATE MATH 526 STYLE TERRY SOO Abstract These otes are adapted from whe I taught Math 526 ad meat to give a quick itroductio to cofidece
More informationBIOSTATISTICS. Lecture 5 Interval Estimations for Mean and Proportion. dr. Petr Nazarov
Microarray Ceter BIOSTATISTICS Lecture 5 Iterval Estimatios for Mea ad Proportio dr. Petr Nazarov 15-03-013 petr.azarov@crp-sate.lu Lecture 5. Iterval estimatio for mea ad proportio OUTLINE Iterval estimatios
More informationComparing Two Populations. Topic 15 - Two Sample Inference I. Comparing Two Means. Comparing Two Pop Means. Background Reading
Topic 15 - Two Sample Iferece I STAT 511 Professor Bruce Craig Comparig Two Populatios Research ofte ivolves the compariso of two or more samples from differet populatios Graphical summaries provide visual
More informationWorking with Two Populations. Comparing Two Means
Workig with Two Populatios Comparig Two Meas Coditios for Two-Sample Iferece The data are from two radom samples from two distict idepedet populatios. Normality. Two sample t procedures are more robust
More informationEstimating the Population Mean - when a sample average is calculated we can create an interval centered on this average
6. Cofidece Iterval for the Populatio Mea p58 Estimatig the Populatio Mea - whe a sample average is calculated we ca create a iterval cetered o this average x-bar - at a predetermied level of cofidece
More informationDirection: This test is worth 250 points. You are required to complete this test within 50 minutes.
Term Test October 3, 003 Name Math 56 Studet Number Directio: This test is worth 50 poits. You are required to complete this test withi 50 miutes. I order to receive full credit, aswer each problem completely
More informationCONFIDENCE INTERVALS STUDY GUIDE
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS STUDY UIDE Last uit, we discussed how sample statistics vary. Uder the right coditios, sample statistics like meas ad proportios follow a Normal distributio, which allows us to calculate
More information1 Models for Matched Pairs
1 Models for Matched Pairs Matched pairs occur whe we aalyse samples such that for each measuremet i oe of the samples there is a measuremet i the other sample that directly relates to the measuremet i
More informationUCLA STAT 13 Introduction to Statistical Methods for the Life and Health Sciences
UCLA STAT 13 Itroductio to Statistical Methods for the Life ad Health Scieces Istructor: Ivo Diov, Asst. Prof. of Statistics ad Neurolog Sample Size Calculatios & Cofidece Itervals for Proportios Teachig
More informationMathacle. PSet Stats, Concepts In Statistics Level Number Name: Date: Confidence Interval Guesswork with Confidence
PSet ----- Stats, Cocepts I Statistics Cofidece Iterval Guesswork with Cofidece VII. CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 7.1. Sigificace Level ad Cofidece Iterval (CI) The Sigificace Level The sigificace level, ofte deoted
More informationST 305: Exam 3 ( ) = P(A)P(B A) ( ) = P(A) + P(B) ( ) = 1 P( A) ( ) = P(A) P(B) σ X 2 = σ a+bx. σ ˆp. σ X +Y. σ X Y. σ X. σ Y. σ n.
ST 305: Exam 3 By hadig i this completed exam, I state that I have either give or received assistace from aother perso durig the exam period. I have used o resources other tha the exam itself ad the basic
More informationConfidence Intervals รศ.ดร. อน นต ผลเพ ม Assoc.Prof. Anan Phonphoem, Ph.D. Intelligent Wireless Network Group (IWING Lab)
Cofidece Itervals รศ.ดร. อน นต ผลเพ ม Assoc.Prof. Aa Phophoem, Ph.D. aa.p@ku.ac.th Itelliget Wireless Network Group (IWING Lab) http://iwig.cpe.ku.ac.th Computer Egieerig Departmet Kasetsart Uiversity,
More informationEcon 325/327 Notes on Sample Mean, Sample Proportion, Central Limit Theorem, Chi-square Distribution, Student s t distribution 1.
Eco 325/327 Notes o Sample Mea, Sample Proportio, Cetral Limit Theorem, Chi-square Distributio, Studet s t distributio 1 Sample Mea By Hiro Kasahara We cosider a radom sample from a populatio. Defiitio
More informationExpectation and Variance of a random variable
Chapter 11 Expectatio ad Variace of a radom variable The aim of this lecture is to defie ad itroduce mathematical Expectatio ad variace of a fuctio of discrete & cotiuous radom variables ad the distributio
More informationStat 225 Lecture Notes Week 7, Chapter 8 and 11
Normal Distributio Stat 5 Lecture Notes Week 7, Chapter 8 ad Please also prit out the ormal radom variable table from the Stat 5 homepage. The ormal distributio is by far the most importat distributio
More informationChapters 5 and 13: REGRESSION AND CORRELATION. Univariate data: x, Bivariate data (x,y).
Chapters 5 ad 13: REGREION AND CORRELATION (ectios 5.5 ad 13.5 are omitted) Uivariate data: x, Bivariate data (x,y). Example: x: umber of years studets studied paish y: score o a proficiecy test For each
More informationRecall the study where we estimated the difference between mean systolic blood pressure levels of users of oral contraceptives and non-users, x - y.
Testig Statistical Hypotheses Recall the study where we estimated the differece betwee mea systolic blood pressure levels of users of oral cotraceptives ad o-users, x - y. Such studies are sometimes viewed
More informationComputing Confidence Intervals for Sample Data
Computig Cofidece Itervals for Sample Data Topics Use of Statistics Sources of errors Accuracy, precisio, resolutio A mathematical model of errors Cofidece itervals For meas For variaces For proportios
More informationChapter 6. Sampling and Estimation
Samplig ad Estimatio - 34 Chapter 6. Samplig ad Estimatio 6.. Itroductio Frequetly the egieer is uable to completely characterize the etire populatio. She/he must be satisfied with examiig some subset
More informationThis chapter focuses on two experimental designs that are crucial to comparative studies: (1) independent samples and (2) matched pair samples.
Chapter 9 & : Comparig Two Treatmets: This chapter focuses o two eperimetal desigs that are crucial to comparative studies: () idepedet samples ad () matched pair samples Idepedet Radom amples from Two
More informationChapter 23: Inferences About Means
Chapter 23: Ifereces About Meas Eough Proportios! We ve spet the last two uits workig with proportios (or qualitative variables, at least) ow it s time to tur our attetios to quatitative variables. For
More informationChapter 8: STATISTICAL INTERVALS FOR A SINGLE SAMPLE. Part 3: Summary of CI for µ Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion p
Chapter 8: STATISTICAL INTERVALS FOR A SINGLE SAMPLE Part 3: Summary of CI for µ Cofidece Iterval for a Populatio Proportio p Sectio 8-4 Summary for creatig a 100(1-α)% CI for µ: Whe σ 2 is kow ad paret
More information2 1. The r.s., of size n2, from population 2 will be. 2 and 2. 2) The two populations are independent. This implies that all of the n1 n2
Chapter 8 Comparig Two Treatmets Iferece about Two Populatio Meas We wat to compare the meas of two populatios to see whether they differ. There are two situatios to cosider, as show i the followig examples:
More informationKLMED8004 Medical statistics. Part I, autumn Estimation. We have previously learned: Population and sample. New questions
We have previously leared: KLMED8004 Medical statistics Part I, autum 00 How kow probability distributios (e.g. biomial distributio, ormal distributio) with kow populatio parameters (mea, variace) ca give
More informationEXAMINATIONS OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY
EXAMINATIONS OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY GRADUATE DIPLOMA, 016 MODULE : Statistical Iferece Time allowed: Three hours Cadidates should aswer FIVE questios. All questios carry equal marks. The umber
More informationThis is an introductory course in Analysis of Variance and Design of Experiments.
1 Notes for M 384E, Wedesday, Jauary 21, 2009 (Please ote: I will ot pass out hard-copy class otes i future classes. If there are writte class otes, they will be posted o the web by the ight before class
More informationChapter 1 (Definitions)
FINAL EXAM REVIEW Chapter 1 (Defiitios) Qualitative: Nomial: Ordial: Quatitative: Ordial: Iterval: Ratio: Observatioal Study: Desiged Experimet: Samplig: Cluster: Stratified: Systematic: Coveiece: Simple
More informationDS 100: Principles and Techniques of Data Science Date: April 13, Discussion #10
DS 00: Priciples ad Techiques of Data Sciece Date: April 3, 208 Name: Hypothesis Testig Discussio #0. Defie these terms below as they relate to hypothesis testig. a) Data Geeratio Model: Solutio: A set
More informationOctober 25, 2018 BIM 105 Probability and Statistics for Biomedical Engineers 1
October 25, 2018 BIM 105 Probability ad Statistics for Biomedical Egieers 1 Populatio parameters ad Sample Statistics October 25, 2018 BIM 105 Probability ad Statistics for Biomedical Egieers 2 Ifereces
More informationContinuous Data that can take on any real number (time/length) based on sample data. Categorical data can only be named or categorised
Questio 1. (Topics 1-3) A populatio cosists of all the members of a group about which you wat to draw a coclusio (Greek letters (μ, σ, Ν) are used) A sample is the portio of the populatio selected for
More informationProperties and Hypothesis Testing
Chapter 3 Properties ad Hypothesis Testig 3.1 Types of data The regressio techiques developed i previous chapters ca be applied to three differet kids of data. 1. Cross-sectioal data. 2. Time series data.
More informationDiscrete Mathematics for CS Spring 2008 David Wagner Note 22
CS 70 Discrete Mathematics for CS Sprig 2008 David Wager Note 22 I.I.D. Radom Variables Estimatig the bias of a coi Questio: We wat to estimate the proportio p of Democrats i the US populatio, by takig
More informationHypothesis Testing. Evaluation of Performance of Learned h. Issues. Trade-off Between Bias and Variance
Hypothesis Testig Empirically evaluatig accuracy of hypotheses: importat activity i ML. Three questios: Give observed accuracy over a sample set, how well does this estimate apply over additioal samples?
More informationIntroduction to Econometrics (3 rd Updated Edition) Solutions to Odd- Numbered End- of- Chapter Exercises: Chapter 3
Itroductio to Ecoometrics (3 rd Updated Editio) by James H. Stock ad Mark W. Watso Solutios to Odd- Numbered Ed- of- Chapter Exercises: Chapter 3 (This versio August 17, 014) 015 Pearso Educatio, Ic. Stock/Watso
More informationStatistical Inference Procedures
Statitical Iferece Procedure Cofidece Iterval Hypothei Tet Statitical iferece produce awer to pecific quetio about the populatio of iteret baed o the iformatio i a ample. Iferece procedure mut iclude a
More informationMidtermII Review. Sta Fall Office Hours Wednesday 12:30-2:30pm Watch linear regression videos before lab on Thursday
Aoucemets MidtermII Review Sta 101 - Fall 2016 Duke Uiversity, Departmet of Statistical Sciece Office Hours Wedesday 12:30-2:30pm Watch liear regressio videos before lab o Thursday Dr. Abrahamse Slides
More informationEstimation of a population proportion March 23,
1 Social Studies 201 Notes for March 23, 2005 Estimatio of a populatio proportio Sectio 8.5, p. 521. For the most part, we have dealt with meas ad stadard deviatios this semester. This sectio of the otes
More informationSOLUTIONS y n. n 1 = 605, y 1 = 351. y1. p y n. n 2 = 195, y 2 = 41. y p H 0 : p 1 = p 2 vs. H 1 : p 1 p 2.
STAT 400 UIUC Practice Problems # SOLUTIONS Stepaov Dalpiaz The followig are a umber of practice problems that may be helpful for completig the homework, ad will likely be very useful for studyig for exams..
More informationMath 140 Introductory Statistics
8.2 Testig a Proportio Math 1 Itroductory Statistics Professor B. Abrego Lecture 15 Sectios 8.2 People ofte make decisios with data by comparig the results from a sample to some predetermied stadard. These
More informationf(x i ; ) L(x; p) = i=1 To estimate the value of that maximizes L or equivalently ln L we will set =0, for i =1, 2,...,m p x i (1 p) 1 x i i=1
Parameter Estimatio Samples from a probability distributio F () are: [,,..., ] T.Theprobabilitydistributio has a parameter vector [,,..., m ] T. Estimator: Statistic used to estimate ukow. Estimate: Observed
More informationAnnouncements. Unit 5: Inference for Categorical Data Lecture 1: Inference for a single proportion
Housekeepig Aoucemets Uit 5: Iferece for Categorical Data Lecture 1: Iferece for a sigle proportio Statistics 101 Mie Çetikaya-Rudel PA 4 due Friday at 5pm (exteded) PS 6 due Thursday, Oct 30 October 23,
More informationProbability and Statistics Estimation Chapter 7 Section 3 Estimating p in the Binomial Distribution
Probability ad Statistics Estimatio Chapter 7 Sectio 3 Estimatig p i the Biomial Distributio Essetial Questio: How are cofidece itervals used to determie the rage for the value of p? Studet Objectives:
More informationMultiple Comparisons Examples STAT 314
Multiple Comparisos Examples STAT 31 Problem umbers match those from the ANOVA Examples hadout. 8. Four brads of flashlight batteries are to be compared by testig each brad i five flashlights. Twety flashlights
More informationHomework 5 Solutions
Homework 5 Solutios p329 # 12 No. To estimate the chace you eed the expected value ad stadard error. To do get the expected value you eed the average of the box ad to get the stadard error you eed the
More informationSimulation. Two Rule For Inverting A Distribution Function
Simulatio Two Rule For Ivertig A Distributio Fuctio Rule 1. If F(x) = u is costat o a iterval [x 1, x 2 ), the the uiform value u is mapped oto x 2 through the iversio process. Rule 2. If there is a jump
More informationParameter, Statistic and Random Samples
Parameter, Statistic ad Radom Samples A parameter is a umber that describes the populatio. It is a fixed umber, but i practice we do ot kow its value. A statistic is a fuctio of the sample data, i.e.,
More informationChapter two: Hypothesis testing
: Hypothesis testig - Some basic cocepts: - Data: The raw material of statistics is data. For our purposes we may defie data as umbers. The two kids of umbers that we use i statistics are umbers that result
More information