Effects of Driven Waves on Solar, Magnetospheric, Ionospheric, and Laboratory Plasma Dynamics
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1 Effecs of Dren Wes on olr, Mgneospherc, Ionospherc, nd Loror Plsm Dnmcs Edsher Kghshl Le cence nd Technologes, LLC. oson College Insue for cenfc Reserch Ferur, 4
2 Asrc An essence of he dren we formlsm s dscussed. Ths new mehod s sule for we processes n he nhomogeneous medum, nd reels more comple nure of nl weform eoluon hn he sndrd WK pproch. Usng hs formlsm, seerl er mporn processes, whch he no een ddressed efore, were dscoered. In hs l, I wll reew resuls of our erler sudes ou. how he dren wes re genered,. how he cn e descred nlcll, 3. how dren wes cn nfluence plsm prcles, nd 4. Wh re possle effecs of he dren wes on he solr, mgneospherc, onospherc nd loror plsm dnmcs.
3 Wes n Inhomogeneous Plsm The mehod s GENERAL nd cn e ppled o n nd of nhomogene n he cground plsm.
4 Wes n Inhomogeneous Plsm e n mr represenng lner dsurnces A nn mr nn mr-operor; deres opere on e C nn mr consss of lner deres of men plsm n n n n n n n n n e C e e A
5 MHD Wes In homogeneous Plsm... ep ep ep oluon. A A A Modes N n n A ) ( 3 n n n n O
6 Dren Wes: sc Ide The mehod s GENERAL nd cn e ppled o n nd of nhomogene n he cground plsm. A ep... oluon A ep A ep s, A, f where A n n n n n n (3) References: Kghshl, 7
7 Dren Wes: sc Ide References: Hollweg, Kghshl nd Chndrn,
8 Applcons
9 The olr Pule olr rucure: - Phoosphere (sle lgh) 6K (from he lcod specrum) - Coron few 6 K (from he presence of hghl oned he ons) Pule: wh hes he coron? Imge Cred: hp:// Reference: Pres, olr Mgneohdrodnmcs, 98
10 Reled quesons: Wh Hes he Coron? - how s he energ rechng he phoosphere chnneled upwrds nd dssped? - wh cceleres he solr wnd? - wh produces he hgh-speed srems? - wh cuses chnges n he solr wnd durng he solr ccle? - wh rggers energec eens le CMEs, solr flres, ec.? (nercon of he solr wnd nd CMEs wh Erh's mgnec feld crees wh we cll pce Weher) - wh process(es) cceleres nd produces super-herml prcles?
11 ome Ke Adnces n Our Undersndng (mnl reled o olr Phscs) Phoospherc moon + mgnesm s he source Role of mgnec reconnecon? Does reconnecon lunch wes? Wes re mporn hroughou he solr mosphere - hgh-frequenc wes cn resonnl nerc wh prcles - we pressure cn pl n mporn role - Alfén we energ m well e deque o compense energ losses (e.g. Hollweg 973; Hollweg nd Isenerg ; Crnmer, n llegoojen & Edgr 7 ong nd slūns, ) Recen oserons of wes n he solr mosphere - low frequenc specrum (perods ~ mnues) (e.g. Tomc e l. 7; De Poneu e l. 7; Jess e l. 9; Tomc nd McInosh 9; Gup e l. ; McInosh e l. ) (Hgh frequenc on-resonn specrum hs no een osered whou spcecrf)
12 Wes n he olr Amosphere MgneoHdroDnmc (MHD) Wes - 3 resorng forces: gs pressure/mgnec pressure/mgnec enson - chrcersc speeds: sound speed/alfén speed - 3 dfferen Modes: Alfén we, Fs nd slow mgneosonc wes MHD wes re cple of rnsporng energ nd momenum low mgneosonc wes - energ flu s low n low-β plsm - cnno epln correlon eween energec srucures nd - compresse; srongl dmped Fs mgneosonc wes - mos lel o e oll refleced (Hollweg 978): - compresse; srongl dmped = ω f / -
13 Alfén We Is esence ws heorecll shown Hnnes Alfén n 94 - ncompressle; no redl dmped - energ flu long Omnpresen super mode - loror epermens: (e.g. Lundqus, 949; Geelmn e l. 997 ) - solr wnd (e.g. Colemn 966, 967; Un nd Neugeuer, 968; elcher, Ds nd mh, 969; elcher nd Ds, 97) - geophscl plsm (e.g. Kleng, 994; Géno e l. 999, 4; Chson e l. ; Ls nd ong, 6) Inhomogenees n he plsm cn modf n nl weform nd couple no oher modes (e.g. Melrose 977; Hollweg nd Lllequs 978; Wenel 989; Chgelshl e l. 996; Kghshl 999)
14 Prolem: her Flow Emple How do Alfén wes lnerl eole n cground eloc sher? - emple profle: Couee flow (),,,, () Dren Wes: ( ) ep A ep ep F Wh re he dren wes? - drecl dren non-wk wes due o he lner nercon of sngle mode nd he cground nhomogene. - mn source of energ s he flow nhomogene. (solr emple: Alfén we recoers s orgnl mplude for long me.) - he re no he usul norml modes (References: Kghshl 7; Hollweg nd Kghshl ; Kghshl )
15 her Flow Emple (con. ) 4,,, e e e e OLUTION: (Ref.: Hollweg nd Kghshl, ; Kghshl, ) 4,,, e e e e e e 4 e e
16
17 her Flow Emple (con. ) Non-ero phse-erged elecrc feld: E c E E c c c c c E E c c c c c E An emple, elecrc feld prllel o : r cos E c 3 r sn r sn r sn (Reference: Kghshl, )
18 Emple Cse: olr Coron (Cold-Plsm Lm) Inl Condons: 5 4 /(.6 ) m/s /( ) m/s m/s; =8 m/s; =5G clculon: m/s flow speed chnge oer 4 m: =.5 Chrcerscs Perods: T = 6 sec nd T s = 4 sec (e.g. Kghshl e l. 9; Hollweg nd Kghshl ) Elecrc Feld Prllel o n m/m E 39.8 cos r.9 sn r.9 sn r sn r T Tf Tf Drecer elecrc feld for elecrons (run-w cceleron): Cool Coron: 7 - m/m Ho Coron: - m/m T (Reference: Kghshl )
19 Prcle Dnmcs n he DW Feld Prcle Prllel eloc Prcle Knec Energ (reled o he frs dc nrn) d d E m q d d j j D j D j j j j j j c q m m d d D D D,,, r r r sn sn sn, (Reference: Kghshl ) Acceleron n (E + Polron Frme) d d E D ) (
20 Dren We Genered Elecrc Feld (oher possle pplcons) In comple mgnec srucures of he lower solr mosphere where he flows re frequenl deeced (e.g. Wnerger e l. ; Del Znn, 8; Ofmn nd Wng, 8; McInosh e l. ) In he solr wnd h ehs regons of lrge cross-feld eloc grdens. uch suons es durng he srem-srem nercons s well when he solr wnd nercs wh he Erh s mgneosphere. Ner Erh enronmen; wes presen n he solr wnd re le o penere no he mgneosphere-onosphere ssem In he loror epermens where he plsm moon s locled he mgnec feld nd comple shered eloc feld ess. The wll oundres of he deces cn nroduce he eloc grden n he plsm s well. Turulence Generon Reconnecon phscs
21 - Elecron-proon plsm, Knec Dren Wes () (relen o: Mgneosphere, olr flre, ec.) - A homogeneous cground mgnec feld lgned flow, - The -s s prllel o, - The cground flow for oh elecrons nd proons s long he mgnec feld, where chrceres he sherng of he flow long he -s. - The coordne ssem s fed rele o he men flow,, nd s n hs frme where he cground flow wh he lner crossfeld sher s gen e, p,,
22 Knec Dren Wes () (relen o: Mgneosphere, olr flre, L. Plsm, ec.) Y ) ( f K K d d Z ) ( f K d d Y ) ( ) ( ) ( f K K K d d Z ) ( ) ( ) ( f K K K d d An emple, forcng erm: (Reference: Kghshl, 999, Kghshl, 4). ) ( ) ( Y K f
23 Knec Dren Wes (3) (relen o: Mgneosphere, olr flre, ec.) Fgure. Modfed Alfén (dshed lne) nd fs mgneosonc we (sold lne) frequenc plos. Three represene cses of he propgon ngle eween nd re chosen o show he sepron of he frequenc cures. For gen drer Alfén we, ercl lnes cross he frequenc cures he genered dren we frequenc lues. (Reference: Kghshl, 999, 4)
24 Dren We Effecs on Turulence Generon see: Hollweg, Kghshl nd Chndrn: eloc-sher-nduced Mode Couplng n he olr Amosphere nd olr Wnd: Implcons for Plsm Heng nd MHD Turulence ApJ, 769, 4, 3
25 Lrge cle Modelng: Dren We Effecs P PE 4 P P P - Curren Models: Onl we pressure ess for Alfén wes, - Consderng he effecs of nhomogenees: All phse-erged erms re conrung for dren wes.
26 ummr Dren wes eer he we force on prcles - cn e mporn for he solr wnd dnmcs Low-frequenc specrum cn effecel nerc wh prcles Elecrc felds genered he dren wes cn e mporn n he loror, erresrl nd srophscl plsm processes where he nhomogeneous flows re presen. - Red o e ppled for mn prccl solr, mgneospherc, loror prolems.
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