Doppler boosting the CMB

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1 Doppler boosting the CMB Based on Planck 2013 Results. XXVII. Doppler boosting of the CMB Douglas Scott on behalf of the Planck Collaboration

2 Doppler boosting the CMB Based on Planck 2013 Results. XXVII. Doppler boosting of the CMB Eppur si mouve [And yet it moves] Douglas Scott on behalf of the Planck Collaboration

3 R H A P P Y E A S T E

4 R H A P P Y E A S T E

5 CMB dipole is well known 1991ApJ...371L...1S e.g. first COBE results Smoot et al. (1991)

6 Monopole and dipole from COBE FIRAS and DMR (Planck s dipole will come later)

7 Monopole: T₀=(2.7255±0.0006)K Monopole and dipole from COBE FIRAS and DMR (Planck s dipole will come later)

8 Monopole: T₀=(2.7255±0.0006)K CMB last-scattering surface defines a rest frame Monopole and dipole from COBE FIRAS and DMR (Planck s dipole will come later)

9 Monopole: T₀=(2.7255±0.0006)K CMB last-scattering surface defines a rest frame It s the frame with no observable dipole Monopole and dipole from COBE FIRAS and DMR (Planck s dipole will come later)

10 Monopole: T₀=(2.7255±0.0006)K CMB last-scattering surface defines a rest frame It s the frame with no observable dipole Relative to that frame we re moving at 370km/s Monopole and dipole from COBE FIRAS and DMR (Planck s dipole will come later)

11 Monopole: T₀=(2.7255±0.0006)K CMB last-scattering surface defines a rest frame It s the frame with no observable dipole Relative to that frame we re moving at 370km/s β= towards the constellation Crater Monopole and dipole from COBE FIRAS and DMR (Planck s dipole will come later)

12 Monopole: T₀=(2.7255±0.0006)K CMB last-scattering surface defines a rest frame It s the frame with no observable dipole Relative to that frame we re moving at 370km/s β= towards the constellation Crater And there are other effects... Monopole and dipole from COBE FIRAS and DMR (Planck s dipole will come later)

15 5 boosting effects Peebles & Wilkinson (1968); Challinor & van Leeuwen (2002); Kamionkowski & Knox (2003); Burles & Rappaport (2006); Sollom (2010); Kosowsky & Kahniashvili 2010; Chluba (2011)

16 5 boosting effects Dipole-modulate monopole CMB dipole Peebles & Wilkinson (1968); Challinor & van Leeuwen (2002); Kamionkowski & Knox (2003); Burles & Rappaport (2006); Sollom (2010); Kosowsky & Kahniashvili 2010; Chluba (2011)

17 5 boosting effects Dipole-modulate monopole CMB dipole Dipole-modulation of all other multipoles Peebles & Wilkinson (1968); Challinor & van Leeuwen (2002); Kamionkowski & Knox (2003); Burles & Rappaport (2006); Sollom (2010); Kosowsky & Kahniashvili 2010; Chluba (2011)

18 5 boosting effects Dipole-modulate monopole CMB dipole Dipole-modulation of all other multipoles Aberration of anisotropies Peebles & Wilkinson (1968); Challinor & van Leeuwen (2002); Kamionkowski & Knox (2003); Burles & Rappaport (2006); Sollom (2010); Kosowsky & Kahniashvili 2010; Chluba (2011)

19 5 boosting effects Dipole-modulate monopole CMB dipole Dipole-modulation of all other multipoles Aberration of anisotropies Increase in monopole by β²/6 Peebles & Wilkinson (1968); Challinor & van Leeuwen (2002); Kamionkowski & Knox (2003); Burles & Rappaport (2006); Sollom (2010); Kosowsky & Kahniashvili 2010; Chluba (2011)

20 5 boosting effects Dipole-modulate monopole CMB dipole Dipole-modulation of all other multipoles Aberration of anisotropies Increase in monopole by β²/6 Generation of Ο(β²) quadrupole Peebles & Wilkinson (1968); Challinor & van Leeuwen (2002); Kamionkowski & Knox (2003); Burles & Rappaport (2006); Sollom (2010); Kosowsky & Kahniashvili 2010; Chluba (2011)

21 5 boosting effects Dipole-modulate monopole CMB dipole Dipole-modulation of all other multipoles Aberration of anisotropies Increase in monopole by β²/6 Generation of Ο(β²) quadrupole Well known! This talk This talk Unmeasurable Too hard! Peebles & Wilkinson (1968); Challinor & van Leeuwen (2002); Kamionkowski & Knox (2003); Burles & Rappaport (2006); Sollom (2010); Kosowsky & Kahniashvili 2010; Chluba (2011)

22 (a) T primordial Simulated CMB (b) T aberration Aberration for β=0.85 (c) T modulation Modulation for β=0.85

24 Aberration

25 Aberration

26 Aberration Modulation

27 Aberration Modulation

28 Boosting frames

29 Boosting frames Now T ( ˆn )= T ( ˆn ) γ(1 ˆn β)

30 Now observed frame T ( ˆn )= Boosting frames CMB frame T ( ˆn ) γ(1 ˆn β)

31 Boosting frames CMB frame Now observed frame T ( ˆn )= T ( ˆn ) γ(1 ˆn β) v/c

32 Boosting frames CMB frame Now observed frame T ( ˆn )= T ( ˆn ) γ(1 ˆn β) v/c with ˆn = ˆn + [ (γ 1) ˆn ˆv + γβ ] ˆv γ(1 + ˆn β)

33 Boosting frames CMB frame Now observed frame T ( ˆn )= T ( ˆn ) γ(1 ˆn β) v/c with ˆn = ˆn + [ (γ 1) ˆn ˆv + γβ ] ˆv γ(1 + ˆn β) To 1st order in T ( ˆn )=T ( ˆn ( ˆn β)) T 0 + δt ( ˆn ( ˆn β))

34 Boosting frames CMB frame Now observed frame T ( ˆn )= T ( ˆn ) γ(1 ˆn β) v/c with ˆn = ˆn + [ (γ 1) ˆn ˆv + γβ ] ˆv γ(1 + ˆn β) To 1st order in T ( ˆn )=T ( ˆn ( ˆn β)) T 0 + δt ( ˆn ( ˆn β)) So finally: δt( ˆn )=T 0 ˆn β + δt ( ˆn ( ˆn β))(1 + ˆn β)

35 Boosting frames CMB frame Now observed frame T ( ˆn )= T ( ˆn ) γ(1 ˆn β) v/c with ˆn = ˆn + [ (γ 1) ˆn ˆv + γβ ] ˆv γ(1 + ˆn β) To 1st order in T ( ˆn )=T ( ˆn ( ˆn β)) T 0 + δt ( ˆn ( ˆn β)) So finally: dipole δt( ˆn )=T 0 ˆn β + δt ( ˆn ( ˆn β))(1 + ˆn β)

36 Boosting frames CMB frame Now observed frame T ( ˆn )= T ( ˆn ) γ(1 ˆn β) v/c with ˆn = ˆn + [ (γ 1) ˆn ˆv + γβ ] ˆv γ(1 + ˆn β) To 1st order in T ( ˆn )=T ( ˆn ( ˆn β)) T 0 + δt ( ˆn ( ˆn β)) So finally: dipole deflections δt( ˆn )=T 0 ˆn β + δt ( ˆn ( ˆn β))(1 + ˆn β)

37 Boosting frames CMB frame Now observed frame T ( ˆn )= T ( ˆn ) γ(1 ˆn β) v/c with ˆn = ˆn + [ (γ 1) ˆn ˆv + γβ ] ˆv γ(1 + ˆn β) To 1st order in T ( ˆn )=T ( ˆn ( ˆn β)) T 0 + δt ( ˆn ( ˆn β)) So finally: dipole deflections modulation δt( ˆn )=T 0 ˆn β + δt ( ˆn ( ˆn β))(1 + ˆn β)

38 Boosting frames

39 Boosting frames With Planck we can try to measure both the aberration and boosting effects

40 Boosting frames With Planck we can try to measure both the aberration and boosting effects This could be done either in map space or harmonic space

41 Boosting frames With Planck we can try to measure both the aberration and boosting effects This could be done either in map space or harmonic space Harmonic space is more efficient and uses machinery of T₁T₂T₃T₄

42 Boosting frames

43 Boosting frames

44 Boosting frames

45 Boosting frames Angles squashed and anisotropies boosted in +ve direction

46 Boosting frames Angles squashed and anisotropies boosted in +ve direction

47 Boosting frames Angles stretched and anisotropies diminished in ve direction Angles squashed and anisotropies boosted in +ve direction

48 Boosting frames Angles stretched and anisotropies diminished in ve direction Angles squashed and anisotropies boosted in +ve direction Or can consider this as an effect which couples harmonics

49 Dipole modulation couples l with l ± Figure by Joel Hutchinson

50 Dipole modulation couples l with l ± Figure by Joel Hutchinson

51 Dipole modulation couples l with l ± Figure by Joel Hutchinson

52 Dipole modulation couples l with l ± Figure by Joel Hutchinson

53 Dipole modulation couples l with l ± Figure by Joel Hutchinson

54 Figure by Joel Hutchinson

55 Calculations See Hanson & Lewis (2009) and Planck Collaboration XXVII (2013)

56 Calculations We use quadratic estimators See Hanson & Lewis (2009) and Planck Collaboration XXVII (2013)

57 Calculations We use quadratic estimators Summing over covariance matrix See Hanson & Lewis (2009) and Planck Collaboration XXVII (2013)

58 Calculations We use quadratic estimators Summing over covariance matrix With weights designed for β See Hanson & Lewis (2009) and Planck Collaboration XXVII (2013)

59 Calculations We use quadratic estimators Summing over covariance matrix With weights designed for β And repeat for simulations (with and without velocity effects) See Hanson & Lewis (2009) and Planck Collaboration XXVII (2013)

60 Calculations We use quadratic estimators Summing over covariance matrix With weights designed for β And repeat for simulations (with and without velocity effects) For several data combinations from 143GHz and 217GHz (857 subtracted) See Hanson & Lewis (2009) and Planck Collaboration XXVII (2013)

61 : 143x143 : 217x217 : 143x217 + : Results

62 Results : 143x143 : 217x217 : 143x217 + : Hemispheric asymmetry anomaly dominates for lower multipoles (see Planck Collaboration XXIII)

63 Results Dipole direction : 143x143 : 217x217 : 143x217 + : Hemispheric asymmetry anomaly dominates for lower multipoles (see Planck Collaboration XXIII)

65 Total Aberration Modulation

66 Total Aberration Modulation Grey histogram: without Pink histogram: with β effects Vertical lines are different data combinations

67 Concluding remarks

68 Concluding remarks Velocity Measured at 4 5σ

69 Concluding remarks Velocity Measured at 4 5σ Complication with hemispheric asymmetry

70 Concluding remarks Velocity Measured at 4 5σ Complication with hemispheric asymmetry Note: spectrum of velocity-induced modulation

71 Concluding remarks Velocity Measured at 4 5σ Complication with hemispheric asymmetry Note: spectrum of velocity-induced modulation is d²b/dt² not db/dt

72 Concluding remarks Velocity Measured at 4 5σ Complication with hemispheric asymmetry Note: spectrum of velocity-induced modulation is d²b/dt² not db/dt Masking means velocity effects are 25% of θ error that s how well Planck constrains anisotropies

73 Concluding remarks Velocity Measured at 4 5σ Complication with hemispheric asymmetry Note: spectrum of velocity-induced modulation is d²b/dt² not db/dt Masking means velocity effects are 25% of θ error that s how well Planck constrains anisotropies Only possible to measure velocity with Planck!

74 The scientific results that we present today are a product of the Planck Collaboration, including individuals from more than 100 scientific institutes in Europe, the USA and Canada CITA ICAT UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO ABabcdfghiejkl 14 Planck is a project of the European Space Agency, with instruments provided by two scientific Consortia funded by ESA member states (in particular the lead countries: France and Italy) with contributions from NASA (USA), and telescope reflectors provided in a collaboration between ESA and a scientific Consortium led and funded by Denmark.

Primordial and Doppler modulations with Planck Antony Lewis On behalf of the Planck collaboration

Primordial and Doppler modulations with Planck Antony Lewis On behalf of the Planck collaboration http://cosmologist.info/ Outline Primordial modulations and power asymmetry τ NL trispectrum Kinematic