Planck 2014 The Microwave Sky in Temperature and Polarisation Ferrara, 1 5 December The Planck mission

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2 Planck 2014 The Microwave Sky in Temperature and Polarisation Ferrara, 1 5 December 2014 The Planck mission Marco Bersanelli Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano Planck-LFI Deputy PI and Instrument Scientist On behalf of the Planck Collaboration

3 The Planck Collaboration START SURVEY EXTENSION 2 EXTENSION 1 NOMINAL MISSION months 15.5 months months 2014 COBRAS & SAMBA PROPOSALS COBRAS/SAMBA SELECTION REDBOOK LFI & HFI CONSORTIA INSTRUMENT & DPC DEVELOPMENT INSTRUMENT LEVEL TESTS BLUEBOOK CSL TEST LAUNCH EARLY RESULTS HFI EOL LFI EOL 2013 RELEASE 2015 RELEASE 2014 RELEASE

4 Early times START SURVEY EXTENSION 2 EXTENSION 1 NOMINAL MISSION months 15.5 months months 2014 COBRAS & SAMBA PROPOSALS COBRAS/SAMBA SELECTION REDBOOK LFI & HFI CONSORTIA INSTRUMENT & DPC DEVELOPMENT INSTRUMENT LEVEL TESTS BLUEBOOK CSL TEST LAUNCH EARLY RESULTS HFI EOL Wide spectral range ( GHz) Two different technologies Control of systematics LFI EOL 2013 RELEASE 2015 RELEASE 2014 RELEASE dt/t ~ 2 x 10-6 θ ~ 15 No requirements on polarisation

5 Instrument & DPC development Ground & in-flight calibration Kourou, French Guyana, 14 May 2009, h 10: LFI cooled to 20K Ref loads to 4K 1998 HFI Polarisation Sensitive Bolometers EXTENSION 2 EXTENSION 1 NOMINAL MISSION 2006 START SURVEY months 15.5 months months 2014 COBRAS & SAMBA PROPOSALS COBRAS/SAMBA SELECTION REDBOOK LFI & HFI CONSORTIA INSTRUMENT & DPC DEVELOPMENT INSTRUMENT LEVEL TESTS BLUEBOOK CSL TEST LAUNCH EARLY RESULTS HFI EOL LFI EOL 2013 RELEASE 2015 RELEASE 2014 RELEASE Qualification Model Flight Model Data Processing Centers Flight Data analysis

6 PLANCK Looking back to the dawn of time Planck Telescope 1.5x1.9m off-axis Gregorian T = 50 K LFI Radiometers GHz, T = 20 K HFI Bolometers GHz, T = 0.1 K

7 In-flight cryo-chain performance & mission lifetime Thermal stability 0.1K 50µK 1.4K 4K 100µK 500µK 20K 4K 0.1K 40K 50K 100K 150K 20K 300K 370K Excellent Planck cryo-chain performance more-than-doubled mission lifetime

8 2014 release: Planck full mission 2013 Nominal SS1 SS2 SS3 yr1 Phase φ = release takes full advantage of multiple full-sky redundancies (main motivation for extension) 2014 HFI LFI Extension 1 (LFI+HFI) SS1 SS2 SS3 SS4 yr1 yr2 Phase φ = 340 Extension 2 (LFI Only) SS1 SS2 SS3 SS4 yr1 yr2 Phase φ = 340 SS5 φ = 250 SS5 yr3 Due to Planck scanning strategy, odd and even surveys couple differently with sky signal SS6 SS7 SS8 yr4 Phase φ = 250 Galactic straylight (simulation) Odd survey Even survey

9 Planck scanning strategy Phase shift between S4 and S5 At beginning of Survey 5 the precession phase ϕ was shifted by ϕ = 90 degrees with a dedicated maneuvre Field of view (Spin rate: 1rpm) Precession circle, ω = 2π/6months Sun 85 θ = 7.5 ϕ Sun-Planck direction 1 /day Boresight (85 from spin axis)

10 Planck scanning strategy Phase shift between S4 and S5 At beginning of Survey 5 the precession phase ϕ was shifted by ϕ = 90 degrees with a dedicated maneuvre Field of view (Spin rate: 1rpm) Precession circle, ω = 2π/6months Sun θ = 7.5 ϕ = 90 Sun-Planck direction 1 /day Boresight (85 from spin axis)

11 Planck sensitivity Noise measured in-flight, full mission (CMB channels) 30GHz 44GHz 70GHz 100GHz 143GHz 217GHz 353GHz Angular resolution [arcmin] Noise sensitivity [µk CMB s 1/2 ] NOISE/PIXEL From detector sensitivity [µk CMB ] Measured from maps [µk CMB ] Extended mission [months] End-of-missioni [µk CMB ] Measured End-of-Mission [ T/T, µk/k] : Blue book GOAL [ T/T, µk/k] : Red book GOAL [ T/T, µk/k] ~ 2 At end of mission Planck fulfills completely the very ambitious sensitivity goals proposed in the design phase several years ago

12 Dipole calibration: Planck vs WMAP 2014: Orbital dipole calibration for both LFI and HFI Amplitude (µk) Latitude (deg) Longitude (deg) LFI ± HFI ± ± ±0.03 Planck (LFI+HFI) ± ± ±0.03 WMAP 3355± ± ±0.14 Accuracy ~0.05%, limited by foregrounds Residual dipoles from component separation: ~1µK Very good agreement with WMAP (1σ, 0.3% amplitude, 3 direction)

13 Calibration consistency LFI vs HFI, Planck vs WMAP LFI vs HFI Planck vs WMAP Temperature ratio HFI100 / LFI70 HFI143 / LFI70 Temperature ratio LFI70 / WMAP-V HFI100 / WMAP-W LFI70 / WMAP-V (2013) HFI100 / WMAP-W (2013) Internal consistency confirmed by tests from component separation analysis Changes in LFI and HFI since 2013 from better control of (independent) systematics and beams Excellent consistency between independent experiments

14 Planck 2014 frequency maps: Temperature 30GHz 44GHz 70GHz 100 GHz 143 GHz 217 GHz 353 GHz 545 GHz 857 GHz

15 Planck Temperature power spectrum

16 Planck Temperature power spectrum

17 Planck 2014 frequency maps: Polarisation 30GHz 44GHz Q U

18 Planck 2014 frequency maps: Polarisation 70GHz 353GHz Q U

19 Planck polarisation power spectra BlueBook predictions TE Planck 2014 TT best fit model EE TT best fit model 2014 Low-ell polarisation: based on 70GHz, cleaned with 30GHz and 353GHz

20 Component separation Temperature CMB maps: 4 versions coming from different methods SMICA, SEVEM, COMMANDER, NICL Excellent agreement Polarisation CMB map (ell>30) Foregrounds: dust, synchrotron 30GHz Foregrounds: dust, synchrotron, free-free, spinning dust, diffuse SZ, CO 353GHz

21 Estimating B-contamination from foregrounds Planck multifrequency polarisation maps provide unique support to new generation of ground-based experiments seeking to measure B-modes North South Power Collaborative effort is on-going between Bicep2/Keck/Planck teams Bicep2 field Uncertainty Planck Collaboration, 2014 A&A Submitted arxiv:

22 Summary of main products of 2014 Planck release - Frequency maps: intensity and polarization: 30,44,70,353 GHz; intensity only: GHz and GHz; - CMB map: intensity and polarization (ell> 30), four versions from comp separation methods; - Likelihood: CMB+lensing Temp+Pol; - Low-ell likelihood based on LFI 70 GHz (replaces WMAP); - Foregrounds: dust (temp and pol), synchrotron (temp and pol), free-free, spinning dust, diffuse SZ emission (temp), CO emission; - Map of integrated lensing potential; - New catalogue of compact sources; - New catalogue of SZ sources (from 1227 to 1653 sources; cosmological sample more than doubled) - And more Aim at delivering data & papers before end of 2014

23 The scientific results that we present today are a product of the Planck Collaboration, which includes individuals from more than 100 scientific institutes in Europe, the USA and Canada Planck is a project of the European Space Agency, with instruments provided by two scientific Consortia funded by ESA member states (in particular the lead countries: France and Italy) with contributions from NASA (USA), and telescope reflectors provided in a collaboration between ESA and a scientific Consortium led and funded by Denmark.

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