CÂMPUL ELECTRIC ŞI MAGNETIC ÎN VECINĂTATEA UNEI LINII ELECTRICE DE ÎNALTĂ TENSIUNE ŞI POSIBILELE EFECTE ASUPRA SISTEMELOR BIOLOGICE

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1 CÂMPUL ELECTRIC ŞI MAGNETIC ÎN VECINĂTATEA UNEI LINII ELECTRICE E ÎNALTĂ TENSIUNE ŞI POSIBILELE EFECTE ASUPRA SISTEMELOR BIOLOGICE THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIEL AROUN A HIGH VOLTAGE 110 KV ELECTRICAL OVERHEA LINES AN THE INFLUENCE ON THE BIOLOGICAL SISTEMS Ada MARINCU Maa GRECONICI Facultatea de Electotehcă ş Electoeegetcă Uvestatea Poltehca V. Pâva 1900 TIMIŞOARA tel ada@et.utt.o maa@et.utt.o Rezumat: Î lucae sut ezetate obsevaţle asua valolo câmulu electc ş magetc calculate ş măsuate î vecătatea ue l de îaltă tesue ecum ş osblele efecte asua stă de săătate a esoalulu aflat î domeul de câm studat. Calculele au fost ealzate î MATLAB a măsuătole asua testăţ câmulu electc s-au făcut cu dolul sfec. Abstact: I ths ae the aalytcal calculus ad the exemetal measuemets of the electc ad magetc feld aoud a hgh voltage 110KV electcal ovehead les has bee aalyzed. Thee has bee aalyzed the ossble flueces of the electomagetc feld o the health of the huma begs. The calculus has bee doe usg the MatLab medum the exemetal measuemets of the electc stegth have bee doe usg a shecal dole. 1. Itoducee ezvoltaea sstemulu electoeegetc vtală î vaţa cotdaă coduce ş la asecte cu mlcaţ egatve cae afectează defavoabl medul ambat oducâd ueo î stuaţ lmtă gave dezechlbe. Lucaea de faţă îş oue să cotbue la aofudaea tocma a acesto asecte d umă îcecâd să sstematzeze cuoştţele legate de calculul câmulu electomagetc d juul coductoaelo. Cuoaşteea valolo câmulu electomagetc î juul ue l electce tfazate de îaltă tesue este foate motată etu esoalul de exloatae a llo electce. etemaea câmulu electomagetc î vecătatea llo electce aeee se face cu achetul de ogame MATLAB R1. Se u î evdeţă valole câmulu electc ş magetc î egmul emaet e al llo electce. Î lteatua de secaltate [1] se eztă u aaat sub foma uu dol sfec cu cae se oate măsua câmul electc cu eo de măsuă de odul ocetulu ş cae ezeţa sa u defomează seszabl câmul. obsevaţle de laboato a ezultat că ît-u câm electc cu valo ma ma de 500 Vm -1 ezeţa omulu la o dstaţă ma mae de 15 m u flueţează dcaţa stumetulu. Î cadul ezete lucă detemăle exemetale s-au efectuat î staţa electcă umbăvţa.. Câmul electc î ucte d vecătatea ue l electce aeee de îaltă tesue [ 3] Se cosdeă egmul cvasstaţoa (50Hz) î cae calculul oteţalulu electc V faţă de ămât ş a testăţ câmulu electc E î ucte d vecătatea ue l 1. Itoducto The develomet of the electomagetc devces vey useful ou daly lfe has also some useless effects whch affects the evomet ad some cases oduce seous ubalace. The eset ae efes to those asects tyg to systematze the owledge fo evaluato of the electomagetc feld aoud the thee-hase coductos. Kowg the values of the electomagetc feld aoud a thee-hase electcal ovehead le s motat fo the otecto of the voltage substato woes. The calculus of the electomagetc feld aoud the hgh voltage electcal ovehead les has bee made usg the MatLab medum. The steady state of the electcal les has bee cosdeed dug the calculato of the electc ad magetc feld. A devce based o a shecal dole fo measug the electcal feld has bee eseted [1]. The esece of the devce a electcal feld has a less fluece ove the feld dstbuto. The exemetal measuemets shows that electcal felds that exceed 500 V/m the huma esece at a dstace geate the 1.5m does ot affects the ecso of the devce. The exemetal measuemets ths ae have bee made umbavţa voltage substato..the electc feld aoud a hgh voltage thee-hase electcal ovehead le [ 3] The calculus of the otetal V (agast the eath) ad the electcal stegth E aoud a thee-hase hgh voltage ovehead electcal le wth double ccut fg. 1 has

2 358 electce tfazate dublu ccut (fg. 1) se face cu metoda maglo electce. Alcâd cul sue-ozţe se obţ valole ezultate î uctele de calcul cosdeate. Petu calculul oteţalulu electc V se foloseşte umătoaea elaţe [38]: V = α q l (1) = 1 a exesle etu calculul comoetelo testăţ câmulu electc î uctul P (x y) sut: E x E y = α q x F () = 1 = α q y F (3) = 1 The 5 th Iteatoal Powe Systems Cofeece bee made usg the electcal mage method. Usg the sueosto cle we obtaed the values of the electomagetc quattes the cuet ots aoud the le. Fo the calculato of the otetal V has bee used [3 8]: V = α q l (1) = 1 ad fo the electc feld stegth a cuet ot P(xy): : E x E y = α q x F () = 1 = α q y F (3) = 1 Î elaţle de calcul ezetate ma sus 1 α = ude 1 εo = π εo 4 π F/m 1 1 F = a - este dstaţa de la coductoul la uctul P î cae se face calculul - dstaţa de la uctul de calcul P la magea electcă a coductoulu fază ; - umăul de coductoae cae-ş aduc aotul la valoaea măm calculate; q - saca electcă a coductoulu de fază dstbută la. Se costată o deedeţă a măm oteţalulu electc V ş testăţ câmulu electc E de sacle electce de e coductoaele ccutulu ş de geometa stâlulu esectv a llo. Saca electcă dstbută la e coductoaele de fază se detemă e baza elaţlo lu Maxwell efetoae la caactăţ scse matcal astfel: [ U ] = [ ] [ q] (4) ude [U ] este matcea oteţalelo faţă de ămât ale coductoaelo de fază a [] este matcea coefceţlo de oteţal alcătută cu elemete de foma: Fg. 1 We have deoted 1 α = whee 1 εo = π εo 4 π F/m 1 1 F = whee: - dstace betwee the hase ad the cuet ot P; - dstace betwee the electcal mages of the hase ad the cuet ot P; - the umbe of the hases that tae fluece ove the electcal quattes that ae calculated; q - electcal chages of the hase cosdeed as a lea dstbuto. Note that the electcal otetal V ad the electc feld stegth E deeds o the electcal chages fom the thee-hase coductos ad o the geometcal desg of the llas ad the les. Usg the Maxwell equatos fo the caactates the lea dstbuted electcal chage o the hase coductos s: [ U ] = [ ][ q] (4) whee [U ] s the hases otetal matx (towads the eath) ad [] s the otetal coeffcets matx fom:

3 Tmşoaa Romaa 359 cu j j = α l j j dstaţa îte coductoul ş j; = α l (5) o j dstaţa îte coductoul ş magea coductoulu j faţă de ămât a o este aza coductoulu. 3. Calculul câmulu magetc î ucte d vecătatea le electce de 110 V Î sstemul de coodoate x y z la electcă ale căe coductoae de fază sut acuse duă decţa axe z de umătoul sstem smetc de cueţ electc: j j I R = I I = I e 3 s I = I e 3 T (6) detemă umătoaele comoete ale ducţe magetce î ucte d vecătate: y B = x β I (7) x B = y β I (8) a ducţa magetcă este: B = B x + B y (9) µ cu o 7 β = ude µ o = 4 π 10 H/m este emeabltatea vdulu. 4. Modelaea umecă Folosd achetul de ogame MATLAB R1 etu la electcă aeaă de 110 V dublu ccut cu stâl t S s-au todus umătoaele valo: %ate ţale h1=0; h=16; h3=1; d1=6.1; d=7.65; d3=6.1; 0=9.5*10^(-3); L=13*10^3; es0=1./(4**9*10^9); mu0=4.*.*10.^-7; f=50; o=50; omega=.*.*f; Rc=550.*sqt(o./f); %Tesule e faze U=zeos(61); U(11)=63.509*10^3; U(1)=(63.509*10^3)*(-.5-*sqt(3)/); U(31)=(63.509*10^3)*(-.5+*sqt(3)/); U(41)=U(11); U(51)=U(1); U(61)=U(31) %Cueţ faze I1=100; I=100.*(-.5-*sqt(3)/); I3=100.*(-.5+*sqt(3)/); I4=I1; I5=I; I6=I3; Valole etu oteţalul electc V faţă de ămât sut ezetate gafc î fgua etu testatea câmulu electc E î fg. 3 a etu ducţa magetcă B î fg. 4. wth j j = α l j = α l (5) o j j the dstace betwee the coductos ad j; the dstace betwee the coducto ad the mage of j (agast the eath); o the adus of the coducto. 3. The magetc feld calculato aoud a 110 KV theehase electcal le I Catesa coodates (x y z) the thee-hase le cuets havg a z axes oetato ae: j j I R = I I = I e 3 s I = I e 3 T (6) The magetc flux desty comoets oduced by the cuets (6) ae: y B = x β I (7) x B = y β I (8) ad the magetc flux desty s: B = B x + B y (9) (9) µ whee o 7 β = ad µ o = 4 π 10 H/m. 4.Numecal evaluato The calculus fo the electc ad magetc feld aoud a thee-hase hgh voltage 110 KV ovehead electcal le wth double ccut has bee made usg the MatLab medum. Cosdeg le llas t S we show below the tal dates ad the ogam stes of the calculus. %ate ţale h1=0; h=16; h3=1; d1=6.1; d=7.65; d3=6.1; 0=9.5*10^(-3); L=13*10^3; es0=1./(4**9*10^9); mu0=4.*.*10.^-7; f=50; o=50; omega=.*.*f; Rc=550.*sqt(o./f); %Tesule e faze U=zeos(61); U(11)=63.509*10^3; U(1)=(63.509*10^3)*(-.5-*sqt(3)/); U(31)=(63.509*10^3)*(-.5+*sqt(3)/); U(41)=U(11); U(51)=U(1); U(61)=U(31) %Cueţ faze I1=100; I=100.*(-.5-*sqt(3)/); I3=100.*(-.5+*sqt(3)/); I4=I1; I5=I; I6=I3; Thee esults fo the electcal otetal V (agast the eath) the electc feld stegth E ad the magetc flux desty B ae eseted fg. fg.3 ad fg.4.

4 360 The 5 th Iteatoal Powe Systems Cofeece Fg.. Fg.3. Fg.4.

5 Tmşoaa Romaa etemă exemetale Î vedeea cofmă valolo testăţ câmulu electc E obţute î uctele d vecătatea llo electce aeee modelae umecă s-a ocedat la măsuaea acestoa cu aaatul de măsuă coceut ş ealzat la Cateda de Măsuă electce d Uvestatea Poltehca Tmşoaa [1] [4]. Î acest cotext sut cosemate valole coesuzătoae î uctele d vecătatea ue l electce aeee de 110 V î tabelul1. Valole testăţ câmulu electc coesuzătoae uctelo de măsuă de e suafaţa ogasmulu uma stuat î câmul electomagetc detemat de la electcă aeaă de 110 V sut ezetate î tabelul. 5. Exemetal masuemets I ode to vefy the values of the electc feld stegth E obtaed by umecal evaluato we have detemed the electcal feld by exemetal measuemets aoud a thee-hase hgh voltage ovehead electcal le. The exemetal measuemets have bee doe usg a electcal devce bult the Measuemet eatmet of the "Poltehca" Uvesty fom Tmşoaa. I tab. 1 we have eseted the measued values of the electc feld staght E aoud the electcal le fom umbăvţa voltage substato. I tab. ae eseted the measued values of the electc feld staght E dffeet ats of the huma body laced a electcal feld oduce by theehase hgh voltage ove-head electcal ccut. The huma body was sulated agast the eath. Tab. 1. [m] E [V/m] y \x Tab.. E [V/m] x laba coulu / Foot Geuch / Kee Stomac / Stoma Plămâ / Lag Gât / Nec Fute / Foehead Ceştetul caulu / To of the head Ceafă / Mae of the head Omolat / Shouldes Rch / Kdeys Călcâ / Heel Măsuătole s-au făcut î codţle ogasmulu zolat faţă de ămât duă loae la o temeatuă de 17 o C. 6. Cocluz Î ceea ce veşte valole oteţalulu electc ş ale testăţ câmulu electc ceat de la electce aeaă cu dublu ccut datotă saclo electce î ucte stuate î vecătate se ot meţoa umătoaele: cele ma ma valo ale oteţalulu faţă de ămât ş ale testăţ câmulu electc etu la de 110 V se obţ î vecătatea coductoulu faze R î uctul de coodoate x=0 ş y=15m adcă e axa stâl-ulu la îălţmea de 15m ude V = 4066 V ş E = 411V/m; e măsuă ce e îdeătăm de axa stâlulu oteţalul ş testatea câmulu electc scade ad astfel la 3 m deătae ş la aceeaş îălţme V = 809 V a E = 791 V/m; cele ma ma valo ale ducţe magetce se obţ e axa de smete a stâlulu î uctele stuate î vecătatea faze R. Astfel o valoe de B=89 µt ob- The measuemets have bee doe afte a at a temeatue of 17 0 C. 6. Coclusos O the values of the electcal otetal V ad the electc feld stegth E aoud a hgh voltage ovehead le wth double ccut t follows: the hghest value of the otetal (agast the eath) ad the electc feld stegth fo 110 KV electc le taes lace the eghbohood of the coducto R the ot (x = 0 y = 1.5 m); the ot s laced o the lla axes at a heght of 1.5 m whee V = V ad E = 41.1 V/m; as we move away fom the lla axes the otetal ad the electc feld stegth deceases adly so fo a dstace of 3 m of the lla axes (at the same heght) we obtaed V = 8.09 V ad E =.791 V/m; the hghest value of the magetc flux desty taes lace o the llow axes aoud the coducto R. A value of B = 89 µt obtaed o the llow axes at 1.5 m heght eesets a dageous value fo the huma body.

6 36 ţută e axa stâlulu la îălţmea de 15 m este eculoasă etu ogasmul uma motv etu cae aceste zoe tebue evtate sau lmtate. măsuătole efectuate se costată că ezeţa omulu modfcă câmul î fucţe de modul î cae este zolat faţă de ămât ş valoaea câmulu exstet î abseţa sa. Aceste valo cesc î fucţe de zolaţa omulu faţă de ămât fd î geeal de 6 7 o ma ma dacă omul este ezolat. Se costată că echametul de otecţe educe î mede la jumătate câmul electc exstet î atea sueoaă a coulu uma. Sut meţoate valole maxme admse NORMELE GENERALE E PROTECŢIE A MUNCII d 1996 [] 10 V m -1 / schmb de lucu ; 30 V m -1 etu u teval de tm al exue scut ; 500 µt/ schmb de lucu ; 5 mt etu exue ma mc de oe ; 5 mt etu u teval scut al exue extemtăţlo coulu. uata exue î câm electc cu testăţ cuse îte 10 V m -1 ş 30 V m -1 se calculează cu elaţa t 80 E 1 ude t eeztă duata zle de lucu a E testatea câmulu electc î V m 1. The 5 th Iteatoal Powe Systems Cofeece The exemetal measuemet shows that the huma esece aoud the les modfes the electcal feld dstbuto. The huma sulato (agast the eath) modfes the feld value. Bette sulato ses the value of the feld. Fo a good sulato the feld could be 6-7 tmes geate the case whe huma body s cotact wth the goud. The electc feld the hghest at of the huma body could be educed by usg the otecto equmet. Thee ae metoed the hghest value usg the GENERAL NORMES OF WORK PROTECTION fom 1996 []: 10 V m -1 / wo shft; 30 V m -1 shot tme exosg the feld; 500 µt/ wo shft; 5 mt less the hous exosg; 5 mt shot tme exosg of the huma body extemtes. The maxmum exosg tme fo electcal felds betwee 10 V/m ad 30 V/m could be calculated wth: t 80 E 1 whee t s the legth of a day s wo ad E s the electc feld stegth V/m. Bblogafe (Refeeces) 1. Stoca V. Cşa S.;Obsevaţ asua câmulu electc d staţle exteoae de tasfomae de îaltă tesue; Eegetca N Tthaza V.; Imactul eţelelo electce asua medulu ş asecte de comatbltate electomagetcă; Edtua AGIR Bucueşt Tthaza V. Toade.; Metodologe de calcul a flueţe electomagetce e LEA 0 V C Poţle de Fe Reşţa; Elemete de comatbltate electomagetcă; Cotact de cecetae alcatvă N.98/00 Tmşoaa 4. Po E. Cşa S. Stoca V.; Pocedeu ş aaat etu măsuaea câmulo electce de fecveţă dustală; Bevet de veţe N IPTV Tmşoaa.

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