Describe thermal energy and compare it to potential and kinetic energies. Charging is the separation, not the creation, of electric charges.

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1 Name: Physics I Final Exam Study Guide Date: Mr. Tiesler Know: Describe thermal energy and compare it to potential and kinetic energies. Distinguish temperature and thermal energy. Calculate specific heat. Define heats of fusion and vaporization. State the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Distinguish between heat and work. Calculate total internal energy of a system. Charged objects exert attractive and repulsive forces. Charging is the separation, not the creation, of electric charges. Describe the difference between conductors and insulators. Identify the relationships between forces, charges and distance. Explain how to charge objects by conduction and induction. Solve problems using Coulomb s Law. Describe how charged objects can attract neutral objects. Define an electric field. Solve problems relating to charge, electric fields, and forces. Diagram electric field lines. Define electric potential differences. Calculate electric potential difference from the work required to move a charge. Solve problems pertaining to capacitance. Describe the conditions that create current in an electric circuit. Determine potential difference, resistance, current, and power using Ohm s Law.

2 Read and interpret circuit diagrams. Differentiate between power and energy in an electric circuit. Define and calculate kilowatt hours. Describe series and parallel circuits. Calculate current, voltage drops, and equivalent resistances in series and parallel circuits. Explain how fuses, circuit breakers, and ground-fault interrupters protect household wiring. Analyze and solve problems involving complex circuits. Explain how voltmeters and ammeters are used in circuits. Describe the properties of magnets. Identify and explain magnetic field lines. Relate magnetic induction to the direction of the force on a current carrying wire in a magnetic field. Solve problems using the three right hand rules. Determine the magnitude and direction of current, magnetic fields, and forces on current carrying wires and on moving, charged particles in magnetic fields. Describe the design and operation of electric motors and generators. Explain how a changing magnetic field produces an electric current. Define electromotive force. Solve transformer problems involving voltage current and turn ratios. Compare simple harmonic motion and the motion of a pendulum. Solve problems using Hooke s Law Identify how waves transfer energy without transferring matter. Distinguish between transverse and longitudinal waves. Relate wave speed, wavelength, and frequency. Relate a wave s speed to the medium in which it travels. Describe how waves are reflected and refracted at boundaries between media.

3 Relate the physical properties of sound wave to our perception of sound. Identify how pitch changes when a sound source and observer are moving in relation to each other (Doppler Effect). Demonstrate an understanding of resonance in air columns and strings. Calculate the frequency of different harmonics of a standing wave. Solve problems involving the speed of light. Predict the effect of mixing colors of light and pigments. Explain the law of reflection. Distinguish between specular and diffuse reflection. Determine the location, size, and orientation images formed by plane and spherical mirrors. Determine the location, size, and orientation images formed by lenses. Solve problems involving refraction. Explain total internal reflection.

4 Thermal Energy T c = T K 273 Q = mc T Q = ±ml f Q = ±ml v U = Q + W Magnetism F = IlB F = qvb V = Blv Φ = BA ℇ = N ΔΦ Δt 1 cal = J ℇ = NBAω L = αl 0 T Electricity V s V p = N s N p I s I p = N p N s F = k e q 1 q 2 r = 1 rev = 2π rad E = F q 0 = k eq r 2 Vibrations & Waves V = W on q q V = Ed C = q V e = 1.6x10 19 C F s = kx F g = mg v = fλ f = 1 T k e = 8.99x10 9 N m 2 C 2 T = 2π L g V = IR P = IV R eqseries = R 1 + R 2 + R 3. 1 R eqparallel = 1 R R R 3.. I = Q t E = Pt

5 Sound v = 331 m s T 273 K f o = f s ( v + v 0 v v s ) Pipe open at both ends: f n = n v 2L Pipe closed at one end: f n = n v 4L Light & Optics n = c v n 1 sin θ 1 = n 2 sin θ 2 θ i = θ r f = 1 d o + 1 d i Electromagnetic Spectrum 2 R = 1 d o + 1 d i c = fλ m = h i = d i h o d o E = P sin θ c = n 2, where n 4πr 2 n 1 > n 2 1 f o = f s (1 ± v c ) 1 f = (n 1) [ 1 1 ] R 1 R 2 (λ o λ s ) = Δλ = ± v c λ s c = 3.0x10 8 m/s 1

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