Student Review Physics Semester B

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1 Test Description Length: 2 hours Items: 50 SR (85%), 2 BCRs (15%) Student Review Unit Approximate Number of Selected Response Items Skills and Processes 8 Thermal Energy 3 Electrostatics 6 Circuits 8 Magnetism 7 Waves & Optics 15 Modern 3 Totals 50 The vocabulary terms and objectives are grouped into units for your convenience. Some items may occur in multiple units during the semester. The vocabulary includes terms that students may encounter when reading examination items. Skills and processes accuracy balance calorimeter data degrees dependant variable frequency gamma-rays grams hypothesis independent variable joules kilograms meter stick milliliters nanometer pigment procedure range scientific notation thermometer volume Thermodynamics conduction convection entrophy heat heat energy heat transfer joules kinetic energy radiation specific heat temperature thermal equilibrium Waves and Optics amplitude angle of incidence angle of reflection angle of refraction bell jar concave lens/mirror constructive convex lens/mirror destructive doppler effect electromagnetic wave energy focus frequency hertz real image image size incident index of refraction intensity interference inverted law of reflection law of superposition lens longitudinal wave medium mirror note orientation period ray diagram real Student Review 1 Montgomery County Public Schools

2 reflection refraction Snell s Law speed speed of light/sound transverse wave tuning fork ultraviolet upright vacuum vibration virtual image wave front wavelength Electrostatics charge charge distribution charged particle electric field electric field strength electric potential electrostatic force magnitude vectors Student Review Magnetism coil electromagnet electromagnetic energy transformation generator induction magnet magnetic field magnetic field intensity magnetic forces motor north/south pole Tesla Current Electricity ammeter & its symbol battery & its symbol circuit combination circuit current dissipate electrical equivalent resistance induced mechanical lamp and its symbol ohm parallel plates parallel circuit potential difference power resistor and its symbol series circuit solar voltage drop voltmeter and its symbol watts Modern Physics alpha decay atomic mass beta decay fission fusion gamma ray emission half-life positron emission photoelectric effect radioactive decay radioactive material transmutation wave-particle duality Upon successful completion of Semester B, the student should be able to: Physics Skills & Processes Formulate a working hypothesis. Identify appropriate methods for conducting an investigation. Select appropriate units to describe quantities. Select appropriate instruments and materials to conduct an investigation. Express small and large quantities using scientific notation. Read and interpret a technical selection. Analyze data to make predictions or draw conclusions. Physics Concepts Given the specific heat of a substance, its temperature, and its heat energy, determine its mass. Distinguish between the methods of energy transfer. Describe the measure of the temperature of an object. Student Review 2 Montgomery County Public Schools

3 Describe the relationship of thermal equilibrium between two substances. Given the speed of sound and frequency, determine the wavelength of a sound wave. Determine the relationship between frequency, speed, and wavelength. Describe the movement of the medium of both transverse and longitudinal waves. Describe the need of a medium for both transverse and longitudinal waves. Compare the period and frequency of a wave. Given the wavelength and speed, determine a wave s frequency. Given the location of an observer, describe the perceived frequency of a moving sound source. Describe the Doppler Effect. Given the distance between two charged objects, determine the electrostatic force. Describe the relationship between distance and electrostatic force. Describe the types of electric charges. Describe the effect that similar and different charged objects have on each other. Given the amount of work needed to move a charged object in an electric field, determine the electric potential difference. Describe the magnitude and direction of electric field vectors. Given the electric field strength due to two charges, determine the magnitude of the force on one of the charges. Describe the magnetic field intensity on a current carrying wire. Determine the relationship between distance and magnetic field intensity. Given the current and resistance, determine the power dissipated by the resistor. Given the current and resistance, determine the voltage drop across a resistor. Identify the symbols for ammeter, battery, lamp, resistor, and voltmeter. Calculate power for a series, parallel or combination circuit. Calculate the equivalent resistance for a series, parallel or combination circuit. Determine the current through a resistor in a series, parallel or combination circuit. Given the distance between two parallel plates, the potential difference and the size of the charge, determine the kinetic energy of the charge. Solve problems using Ohm s law or Snell s Law. Describe the charge distribution on an object when brought near a positively or negatively charged object. Compare the frequency and the energy of an electromagnetic wave. Given the object distance, describe image size, orientation and type of image found in a convex versus concave lens and a convex versus concave mirror. Describe the bending of waves as they enter optically different medium. Distinguish between real and virtual images. Solve problems using the index of refraction or the law of reflection. Determine the location of the image formed by a lens using both a ray diagram and the lens equation. Describe the relationship between the frequency of light and the photoelectric effect. Solve problems using the law of superposition. Compare constructive and destructive interference. Student Review 3 Montgomery County Public Schools

4 Describe the relationship between the strength of an electromagnet and the number of times a wire is wrapped around its coil. Describe the effects of the poles of a magnet on other magnets. Describe the shape of a magnetic field around a magnet. Describe the relationship between magnetic force, magnetic field and charge. Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic force on a current carrying wire. Describe the properties of a magnet Describe how forces on electrons make a motor work. Determine the half-life of a material given the initial and final mass. Explain the energy transformations that may result from electromagnetic induction. Describe wave-particle duality. Explain entropy and the irreversibility of heat energy transformations. Students should be prepared to answer any of the following BCRs. Teachers will select two from the list below: BCR: Energy Transfer A cook places a pot containing 2.0 kg of water at a temperature of 20 ºC on an electric burner. The burner is in direct contact with the pot. The water heats to boiling at 100 ºC. Describe how the energy is transferred from the burner to the pot to the water. In your response, be sure to include the three methods of energy transfer. a definition for each method. a description of how each method is demonstrated as the water is heated. Student Review 4 Montgomery County Public Schools

5 BCR : Venetian Grinds Students in art class want to determine the amount of glass to mix with a red pigment to provide the most reflective surface. Design an investigation they could use to answer their question. Be sure to include the materials they should use. the independent and dependent variables. a procedure for them to follow. data they could collect to help answer the question. ways to help ensure the accuracy of their results. Student Review 5 Montgomery County Public Schools

6 BCR: Earthquake Earthquakes are very powerful waves that are created when portions of Earth s surface move very quickly. Two different kinds of waves are created in an earthquake; transverse waves and longitudinal waves. An earthquake occurs very close to a body of water, like the one pictured below. Land Observer 1000 m 3281 ft Epicenter Ocean Compare the two kinds of waves (transverse and longitudinal) and how they would cause the medium (the ground) to move differently. The transverse waves would stop at the edge of the shore and the longitudinal waves would continue in the water. Explain how the speed of the waves would change when they enter the water, predict if the speed would increase or decrease when they enter the water and explain why. A person several miles away could see the earthquake before he or she could hear it or feel the waves in the ground. Explain how this can occur, and what other kinds of waves are involved. Student Review 6 Montgomery County Public Schools

7 BCR: Analyzing Circuits Apply your understanding of circuits to analyze the circuit below and explain the relationships between its various parts. Be sure to include: how the number of resistors effects the total resistance what determines the amount of current that flows through the circuit if another resistor was added, what effect it would have on the circuit Student Review 7 Montgomery County Public Schools

8 Physics Formula Sheet Semester B WAVES V = f λ T = 1/f STATIC ELECTRICITY F = kq 1 q 2 /r 2 k = 9 x 10 9 Nm 2 /C 2 V = PE/q = W/q MAGNETISM F = qvb F = ΒIL B = M 0 I/2πr P. E. = qed E = F/q E = kq/r 2 V = Ed M 0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm/A OPTICS CURRENT ELECTRICITY P = I 2 R R = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 1/f = 1/d o + 1/d i n = c/v n 1 sin θ 1 = n 2 sin θ 2 V = IR P = V 2 /R I = q/t P = W/t P = IV Energy = Pt 1/R = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + 1/R 3 THERMODYNAMICS Q = mc T Student Review 8 Montgomery County Public Schools