Read Chapter 7; pages:
|
|
- Theresa Lang
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Forces Read Chapter 7; pages: Objectives: - Describe how electrical charges exert forces on each other; Compare the strengths of electric and gravitational forces; Distinguish between conductors and insulators; Explain how objects become electrically charged; Describe how voltage difference causes current to flow; Explain how batteries produce a voltage difference in a circuit; List the factors that affect an object s electrical resistance; Define Ohm s Law; Describe the difference between series and parallel circuits; Recognize the function of circuit breakers and fuses; Calculate electrical power; Calculate the electrical energy used by a device; PSc.3.3 Understand electricity and magnetism and their relationship PSc Summarize static and current electricity. PSc Explain simple series and parallel DC circuits in terms of Ohm s law. PSc Explain how current is affected by changes in composition, length, temperature, and diameter of wire. PSc Explain magnetism in terms of domains, interactions of poles, and magnetic fields. PSc Explain the practical applications of magnetism. Vocabulary: Static electricity law of conservation of charge conductor Insulator charging by contact charging by induction Electrical current voltage difference circuit Resistance Ohm s law series circuit Parallel circuit electrical power
2 Chapter 7 Electricity
3 Electric Charge Conservation of Charge According to the law of conservation of charge, a charge can be transferred from one object to another object, but it cannot be created or destroyed. Whenever an object becomes charged, electric charges have moved from one place to another.
4 Electric Charge Electric charge: an electrical property of matter that creates electric and magnetic forces and interactions; An object can have a negative charge, a positive charge, or no charge at all.
5 Electric Charge, continued Like energy, electric charges are never created or destroyed. Like charges repel, and opposite charges attract. The electric charge, depends on the imbalance of protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge) and neutral (no charge). Negatively charged objects, have more electrons than protons; Where as, positively charged objects, have fewer electrons than protons (NOT more protons). The SI unit of electric charge is the coulomb, C (koo lum);
6 Charging by Contact Objects can be charged by contact. The transfer of electrons from one object to another can charge objects. Objects charged by touching a charged object to a neutral object are said to be charged by contact. Electrons can be transferred from one material to the other, when different materials are rubbed together. The transfer of electrons to the metal doorknob gives the doorknob a net negative charge.
7 Visual Concept: Charging by Contact
8 Objects can be charged by friction. Charging by friction occurs when one material gains electrons and becomes negatively charged, and the other loses electrons and becomes positively charged. Your clothes are charged by friction as they rub against each other inside the dryer, and stick together because of static electricity. When insulators are rubbed together, one gives up electrons and becomes positively charged, while the other gains electrons and becomes negatively charged.
9 Induced Charges A surface charge can be induced by an insulator. When a charged object is brought near an insulator, the positions of the electrons within the individual molecules of the insulator change slightly. One side will be slightly more positive or more negative than the other side.
10 Visual Concept: Electrical Conductors and Insulators
11 Electric Charge Static Electricity and Lightning Static electricity is the accumulation of excess electric charge on an object; and lightning is a large static discharge, which is a transfer of charge between two objects because of a buildup of static electricity. A thundercloud is a mighty generator of static electricity. As air masses move and swirl in the cloud, areas of positive and negative charge build up. Eventually, enough charge builds up to cause a static discharge between the cloud and the ground; any object connected to Earth by a good conductor will transfer any excess electric charge to Earth.
12 Detecting Electric Charge The presence of electric charges can be detected by an electroscope. One kind of electroscope is made of two thin, metal leaves attached to a metal rod with a knob at the top. The leaves are allowed to hang freely from the metal rod. If a negatively charged object was to touch the knob at the top, electrons would travel down the rod into the leaves. Both leaves become negatively charged as they gain electrons and because they have similar charges the leaves would repel each other.
13 Electric Charge Detecting Electric Charge If a glass rod is rubbed with silk, electrons move away from the atoms in the glass rod and build up on the silk. When the positively charged glass rod is brought into contact with the metal knob of an uncharged electroscope, electrons flow out of the metal leaves and into the glass rod. The leaves repel each other because each leaf is positively charged. Electroscope leaves: A - hang down when uncharged, B - repel when negatively charged, C repel when positively charged;
14 Electric Force The electric force at the atomic and molecular levels is responsible for most of the everyday forces that we observe, such as the force of a spring and the force of friction. The electric force is also responsible for effects that we cannot see: Bonding of atoms to form molecules is also due to the electric force. electric force: the force of attraction or repulsion on a charged particle that is due to an electric field;
15 Electric Field Electric force acts through a field. electric field: the space around a charged object in which another charged object experiences an electric force. One way to show an electric field is by drawing electric field lines. Electric field lines point in the direction of the electric force on a positive charge. The electric field lines around a positive charge point outward. The electric field lines around a negative charge point inward.
16 Electric Field, continued Electric field lines never cross one another. Field lines near two like charges - point away from each other b/c like charges repel each other. Whereas, electric field lines of unlike charges connect to each other. Field lines show both the direction of an electric field and the relative strength of the charge. More lines are drawn for greater charges to indicate a greater force.
17 Electrical Potential Energy Electrical potential energy: the ability to move an electric charge from one point to another; just as a ball rolls downhill; A negative charge will move away from another negative charge; the electric potential energy of the moving charge decreases because the electric field does work on the charge. An electric charge also has potential energy-electrical potential energy that depends on its position in an electric field; electrical potential energy between two like charges decreases as the distance between the charges increase.
18 Potential Difference (Voltage) Potential difference (often called voltage): is the change in the electrical potential energy of a charged particle divided by its charge; also known as the voltage difference in potential between two points in a circuit; The SI unit for potential difference is the volt (V), which is equivalent to one joule per coulomb (1J/C). For this reason, potential difference is often called voltage.
19 Electric Current Batteries To keep an electric current continually flowing in the electric circuit a voltage difference needs to be maintained in the circuit. A battery can provide the voltage difference that is needed to keep current flowing in a circuit. Current flows as long as there is a closed path that connects one battery terminal to the other battery terminal.
20 Electric Current Dry-Cell Batteries A cell consists of two electrodes surrounded by a metal paste material called an electrolyte. The electrolyte enables charges to move from one electrode to the other. One electrode is the carbon rod (+), and the other is the zinc (-) container. The electrolyte is a moist paste, not a liquid (reason it is called a dry-cell) containing several chemicals.
21 Electric Current Wet-Cell Batteries A wet cell contains two connected plates made of different metals or metallic compounds in a conducting solution. A wet-cell battery contains several wet cells connected together. In this wet cell, chemical reactions transfer electrons from the lead plates to the lead dioxide plates.
22 Electric Current Lead-Acid Batteries Most car batteries are lead-acid batteries. A lead-acid battery contains a series of six wet cells made up of lead and lead dioxide plates in a sulfuric acid solution. The chemical reaction in each cell provides a voltage difference of about 2 V, giving a total voltage difference of 12 V.
23 AC/DC Current Current is the rate of charge movement. The SI unit of current is the ampere, A. electric current: the rate at which charges pass through a given point; Direct current (DC) the charges always move from one terminal to the other in the same direction. Alternating current (AC) an electric current which periodically reverses direction, in contrast to DC which flows only in one direction.
24 Current, continued Electron current flow: the flow of electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal. Conventional current or simply current, behaves as if positive charge carriers cause current flow, and flows from the pos. terminal to the neg. terminal, opposite to the direction that electrons flow (neg to pos).
25 Galvanometer: used to measure the amount and direction of small electric currents. (Ex: current from a potato cell) Ammeter: used to measure the amount of larger electric currents. (Ex: circuit in your house) When using these devices you connect negative to positive in series with the object being measured.
26 Electrical Resistance Electrical resistance is caused by internal friction, which slows the movement of charges through a conducting material. Resistance: the opposition presented to the current by a material or device and can be calculated if current and voltage are known. Ohms law: The SI unit of resistance is the ohm (Ω): Ohm s Law equations: V= IR R= V I [Resistor : special type of conductor used to control current.]
27 Resistance Math Skills The headlights of a typical car are powered by a 12 V battery. What is the resistance of the headlights if they draw 3.0 A of current when turned on? 1. List the given and unknown values. Given: current, I = 3.0 A voltage, V = 12 V resistance, R =? Ω R = 4.0 Ω
28 Electrical Resistance, continued Conductors have low resistances, where as, insulators have high resistances. Semiconductors conduct under certain conditions. semiconductors: materials that have electrical properties between those of insulators and conductors Some materials can become superconductors. Some metals and compounds have zero resistance when their temperature falls below the critical temperature. Once a current is established in a superconductor, the current continues even if the applied voltage is removed.
29 What Are Circuits? An electric circuit: a set of electrical components connected such that they provide one or more complete paths for the movement of charges; A closed circuit is the conducting path produced when a load, such as a string of light bulbs, is connected across a source of voltage; An open circuit is an interrupted path or open path in a circuit, resulting in no charge flow and no current flow; like a switch open or series bulb burned out; Voltage source, whether a battery or an outlet, is always part of the conducting path of a closed circuit;
30 What are Circuits?, continued Switches interrupt the flow of charges in a circuit. You can use a switch to open and close a circuit. Schematic diagrams are used to represent circuits. schematic diagram: a graphical representation of a circuit that uses lines to represent wires and different symbols to represent components All electrical devices can be described by schematic diagrams. Schematic diagrams use standard symbols.
31 Electrical Energy Series and Parallel Circuits One kind of circuit is called a series circuit. In a series circuit, the current has only one loop to flow through. Series circuits are used in flashlights and some holiday lights, when one bulb burns out, the entire string is out.
32 Electrical Energy Series and Parallel Circuits, cont. Houses are wired with parallel circuits. Parallel circuits contain two or more branches for current to move through. The current can flow through both or either of the two branches; when one bulb burns out, the other will still be lit.
33 Electrical Energy Series and Parallel Circuits, cont. Parallel circuits have several advantages. When one branch of the circuit is opened, such as when you turn a light off, the current continues to flow through the other branches.
34 Series and Parallel Circuits, cont. In this diagram, we see a combination of both a series and parallel circuit. The series circuit is the battery, R1, and R2 or the battery R1 and R3. The parallel is thru both R2 and R3. What would happen if R1 opened? What would happen if R2 or R3 opened?
35 Finding Series Resistance: Find the total resistance for three resistors: 60 Ω, 30 Ω, and 20 Ω, in series circuit: 60 Ω + 30 Ω + 20 Ω = 110 Ω Finding Parallel Resistance: Find the equivalent resistance for three resistors: 60 Ω, 30 Ω, and 20 Ω, in a parallel circuit: 1/60 Ω + 1/30 Ω + 1/20 Ω = 10 Ω
36 Electrical Energy Household Circuits The wiring in a house must allow for the individual use of various appliances and fixtures. This wiring is mostly a combination of parallel circuits connected in an organized and logical network.
37 Electrical Energy Household Circuits, cont. The main switch and circuit breaker or fuse box serve as an electrical headquarters for your home. Parallel circuits branch out from the breaker or fuse box to wall sockets, major appliances, and lights. To protect against overheating of the wires, all household circuits contain either a fuse or a circuit breaker.
38 Electrical Energy Household Circuits, cont. A circuit breaker contains a piece of metal that bends when the current in it is so large that it gets hot. The bending causes a switch to flip and open the circuit, stopping the flow of current. Circuit breakers usually can be reset by pushing the switch to its "on" position.
39 Electrical Energy Fuses An electrical fuse contains a small piece of metal that melts if the current becomes too high. When it melts, it causes a break in the circuit, stopping the flow of current through the overloaded circuit. To enable current to flow again in the circuit, you must replace the blown fuse with a new one. Car fuses
40 Electrical Energy Overheating Electrical Circuits Too many appliances in use at the same time is the most likely cause for the overheating of the circuit.
41 Electrical Energy Electric Power The reason that electricity is so useful is that electrical energy is converted easily to other types of energy. Some of the energy in a circuit, is energy transformed into useful work, such as the turning of a motor, and/or is lost as heat. The rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy is the electric power: the rate at which electrical energy is converted into other forms of energy; Electric power is calculated by multiplying the total current, I, by the voltage, V, in a circuit. Power = current x voltage P = IV the SI unit for power is the watt (W). 1 W = 1 A 1 V
42 Electric Power Math Skills When a hair dryer is plugged into a 120 V outlet, the hair dryer has a 9.1 A current in it. What is the hair dryer s power rating? 1.List the given and unknown values. Given: voltage, V = 120 V current, I = 9.1 A Unknown: electric power, P =? W P = (9.1 A)(120 V) P = 1,092 W P = 1.1 kw P = IV
43 Electrical Energy Electrical Energy Electric companies charge by the amount of electrical energy used, rather than by the electric power used. Electrical energy usually is measured in units of kilowatt hours (kwh) and can be calculated from this equation: Electric energy (in kwh) = electric power (in kw) x time (hrs) E = PT
44 Electrical Energy Electrical Energy Math Problem The cost of using the appliance can be computed by multiplying the electrical energy used by the amount the power company charges for each kwh. For example, if a 100-W lightbulb is left on for 5 h, the amount of electrical energy used is: E = Pt E = (0.1 kw)(5h) E = 0.5 kwh
45 Measuring DC Voltage with a Voltmeter Connect the RED positive lead to positive terminal and The BLACK negative lead to negative terminal, Ensure voltmeter is in the DCV setting / highest setting; Touch the two leads (red and black) across the battery terminals (+ and - ); then downrange volt setting to a lower setting until you get a reading in the digital display; V = 1.31 V
46 Measuring Resistance with a Voltmeter Connect the RED positive lead to positive terminal and The BLACK negative lead to negative terminal, Ensure voltmeter is in OHMS and on the lowest setting; touch the two leads (red and black) together, ensure a reading of zero; THEN touch the two leads across a resistor and wait for a reading, IF NO READING, Up-range the Ohms setting, until an Ohms value is displayed; Resistance is a NONpowered measurement; NEVER attempt to measure resistance when voltage is applied. R = 1.10 kω
47 Let s Review
48 Ohms Law Math Find Resistance in a Series Circuit Find the total resistance in this series circuit (hint: add all resistor values): R t = R t = 100Ω + 300Ω + 50Ω 450Ω
49 Ohms Law Math Find Current (I) in a Series Circuit Ohm s formula for current: I = V R Find the total current flowing through this series circuit, if the total resistance is 450Ω : 9V 450Ω I = 0.02A
50 Ohms Law Math Find the Voltage Drop in a Series Circuit Solve for the voltage drop across each resistor, then ADD values together (hint: if added together, equals the total voltage in the circuit): (I x R 1 ) = (0.02A)(100Ω) V 1 = 2V (I x R 2 ) = (0.02A)(300Ω) V 2 = 6V V = IR V T = 2V + 6V + 1V V T = 9V (I x R 3 ) = (0.02A)(50Ω) V 3 = 1V I = 0.02 A
51 Ohms Law Math Find Resistance in a Parallel Circuit Find the equivalent resistance of the parallel circuit (hint: add all reciprocals, then take sum s (answer s) reciprocal): 1/R t = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + 1/R 3 1/R t = 1/5Ω + 1/10Ω + 1/15Ω 1/R t = R t 2.73Ω
52 Ohms Law Math Find Current (I) in a Parallel Circuit Find the total current in the parallel circuit below if the total equivalent resistance is 2.73 ohms: 60V 2.73Ω I = A I 22 A I = V R
53 Ohms Law Math Find the Current Drop in a Parallel Circuit Find the current drop across each of the resistors (hint: do not take reciprocal of resistors): 60V R 1 = 5Ω 60V R 2 = 10Ω I 1 = 12 A I 2 = 6 A Sum of the current = 22 A 60V R 3 = 15Ω I 3 = 4 A
54 Ohms Law Math Find the Current in the Series Circuit I = 10V 10KΩ =.001 A Now, what would happen to the current if you doubled the resistor s value (20KΩ)? A I = 10V 20KΩ =.0005 A B In a series circuit, if you doubled the resistance, then current is cut in-half.
55 Ohms Law Math Find the Current in a Series Circuit I = 10V 10KΩ =.001 A Now, what would happen to the current if you doubled the voltage in the circuit? A I = 20V 10KΩ =.002 A B In a series circuit, if you doubled the voltage, the current in the circuit would double the current.
56 Ohms Law Math 1/R t = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + 1/R 3 plus series resistance Find the total resistance in circuit above: (Rt = 1 / (1/ /0.5) = (Rt = = ohms Find the total current in the circuit (hint use resistance from above: I = V R I = = Amps 0.2 Amps
57 Ohms Law Math 1) Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit: R t = 1 / (1/4 + 1/6 + 1/10) = R t = = R t = 3.94Ω 2) Find the total circuit current: I = I = V R I = 3.05 A
58 Ohms Law Math 1. Find the total resistance in the circuit below. 1/Rt = (1/ /340) = Rt = (210.11) + ( ) Rt = Ω 2. Find the total current in the circuit below = I I = A I = V R (Rt = Ω)
59 Ohms Law Math A 20 Ω resistor and a 30 Ω are connected in series and placed across a 120 V potential difference. 1. What is the current in the circuit? Rt = = 50Ω I = 120 / 50Ω I = 2.4A I = V/R 2. What is the voltage across the 30 Ω resistor? V = (2.4A)(30Ω) V = 72V V = IR (I = 2.4A)
60 More Review
61 A 10 Ω resistor, a 15 Ω resistor, and a 5 Ω resistor are connected in series across a 90 V battery in a remote controller. R = 30Ω What is the current in the circuit? I = 90/30Ω = I = 3A I = V/R
62 A string of holiday lights has ten bulbs with equal resistance connected in series. When the string of lights is connected to a 120 V outlet the current through the bulbs is 0.06 A What is the resistance of each bulb? Answer : 200 Ω I = V/R 0.06A = 120/R R = 120/0.06A R = 2000Ω / 10
63 If the batteries in a CD player provide a terminal voltage of 12 V, what is the potential difference across the entire player? A. 3 V B. 4 V C. 6 V D. 12 v
64 Three resistors with values of 3.0 ohms, 6.0 ohms, and 12 ohms are connected in parallel. What is the equivalent resistance of this combination? A ohms B ohms C. 9.0 ohms D. 33 ohms 1/R t = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + 1/R 3
65 Three resistors with values of 16 ohms, 19 ohms and 25 ohms respectively, are connected in parallel. What is their equivalent resistance? 1/R t = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + 1/R 3
66 Three resistors with values of 4 ohms, 6 ohms and 10 ohms are connected in both a series and parallel circuit, solve for the total resistance and equivalent resistance. R t = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 Series Resistance: 1/R e = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + 1/R 3 Parallel Resistance: 20Ω 1.935Ω
67 A 12 V storage battery is connected to three resistors, 6.75 ohms, 15.3 ohms and 21.6 ohms respectively. The resistors are joined in series. I = V/R What is the current in the circuit? R = I = 12 / I = 0.275A
68 Answer : D Three appliances are connected in series to a 120 V potential difference: a toaster, 1200 W; a coffee pot 750 W and a microwave, 600 W. If all were operated at the same time what total current would they draw? A. 3 A B. 5 A C. 10 A D A P = I V 2550W = (I)(120V) 2550W / 120V = I I = 21.25A
69 Answer 240 ohms. I = V/R 0.5A = 120v / R R = 120v / 0.5A R = 240Ω What is the resistance of a 60 W bulb if it is rated for a voltage of 120 V? P = I V 60W = I (120v) 60W/(120v) = I I = 0.5A
70 Answer : 1 Volt Suppose that there are 10 resistors in series. Five of them have values of 10 ohms, and the other 5 have values of 20 ohms. The power source is 15 V dc. What is the voltage across one of the 10 ohm resistors? I = 15V/150Ω I = 0.1A Rt = 5(10Ω) + 5(20Ω) Rt = 50Ω + 100Ω = 150Ω V = IR V = (0.1A)(10Ω) V = 1V
71 Answer : B A 45-Ω resistor and a 65-Ω resistor are connected in series. These resistors are then connected in parallel with a 120-Ω resistor. What is the equivalent resistance for the circuit? A. 230 ohms B ohms C. 22 ohms D ohms 1/R t = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + 1/R 3 1/Rt = 1/110Ω + 1/120Ω Rt = 57.39Ω
72 A 2.00-ohm resistor and a 12.0-ohm resistor are connected in parallel across a 20.0-V battery. What is the current flowing through the 2.00-ohm resistor? a A c A b A d A I = V/R I = 20/2 I = 10A 1/R t = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 Rt = Ω I = 20V/1.714 Ω I = 11.67A
73 Two resistors with values of 6.0 ohms and 12 ohms are connected in parallel. This combination is connected in series with a 2.0 ohm resistor and a 24 V battery. What is the current in the 6.0 ohms resistor? A A B A C. 6.9 A D. 12 A Answer A Rt = 4 Ω + 2Ω Rt = 6Ω V = 24/6Ω I = 4A V = 4A 4Ω V = 16V I = V/R I = 16/6 I = 2.27A
Section 1 Electric Charge and Force
CHAPTER OUTLINE Section 1 Electric Charge and Force Key Idea questions > What are the different kinds of electric charge? > How do materials become charged when rubbed together? > What force is responsible
More informationSection 1: Electric Charge and Force
Electricity Section 1 Section 1: Electric Charge and Force Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Electric Charge Transfer of Electric Charge Induced Charges Charging by Contact Electric Force Electric Field Lines
More informationELECTRICITY. Chapter ELECTRIC CHARGE & FORCE
ELECTRICITY Chapter 17 17.1 ELECTRIC CHARGE & FORCE Essential Questions: What are the different kinds of electric charge? How do materials become charged when rubbed together? What force is responsible
More informationStatic Electricity. Electric Field. the net accumulation of electric charges on an object
Static Electricity the net accumulation of electric charges on an object Electric Field force exerted by an e - on anything that has an electric charge opposite charges attract like charges repel Static
More informationChapter 7. Electricity. Teacher Answer Key. Broughton High School of Wake County
Teacher Answer Key Broughton High School of Wake County 1 Chapter 7 Electricity Physical Science Vocabulary 2 Vocabulary for Chapter 7 Electricity Vocabulary Word Definition 1. Charging by Contact 2. Charging
More information9. Which of the following is the correct relationship among power, current, and voltage?. a. P = I/V c. P = I x V b. V = P x I d.
Name: Electricity and Magnetism Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement. 1. Resistance is measured in a unit called the. a. ohm c. ampere b. coulomb d. volt 2. The statement
More informationName: Class: Date: 1. Friction can result in the transfer of protons from one object to another as the objects rub against each other.
Class: Date: Physics Test Review Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. Friction can result in
More informationElectron Theory of Charge. Electricity. 1. Matter is made of atoms. Refers to the generation of or the possession of electric charge.
Electricity Refers to the generation of or the possession of electric charge. There are two kinds of electricity: 1. Static Electricity the electric charges are "still" or static 2. Current Electricity
More informationElectroscope Used to are transferred to the and Foil becomes and
Electricity Notes Chapter 17 Section 1: Electric Charge and Forces Electric charge is a variety of independent all with one single name. Electricity is related to, and both (-) and (+) carry a charge.
More informationWhat is electricity? Charges that could be either positive or negative and that they could be transferred from one object to another.
Electricity What is electricity? Charges that could be either positive or negative and that they could be transferred from one object to another. What is electrical charge Protons carry positive charges
More informationElectric Charge. Conductors A material that transfers charge easily Metals
Electric Charge An electrical property of matter that creates a force between objects. Like charges repel Opposite charges attract Equal amount of positive and negative = no net charge Electrons: Negative
More informationElectricity and Electromagnetism SOL review Scan for a brief video. A. Law of electric charges.
A. Law of electric charges. Electricity and Electromagnetism SOL review Scan for a brief video The law of electric charges states that like charges repel and opposite charges attract. Because protons and
More informationChapter19-Magnetism and Electricity
Chapter19-Magnetism and Electricity Magnetism: attraction of a magnet for another object. Magnetic poles: north & south ends of a magnet, they exert the strongest forces Like poles repel each other, unlike
More informationSection 1: Electric Charge and Force
Section 1: Electric Charge and Force Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Electric Charge Transfer of Electric Charge Induced Charges Charging by Contact Electric Force Electric Field Lines Key Ideas What are
More informationElectric charges. Basics of Electricity
Electric charges Basics of Electricity Electron has a negative charge Neutron has a no charge Proton has a positive charge But what is a charge? Electric charge, like mass, is a fundamental property of
More informationhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yc2-363miqs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yc2-363miqs SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3 ELECTRICITY Remember: In the last unit we learned that all matter is made up of atoms atoms have subatomic particles called, protons, neutrons
More informationElectricity Review completed.notebook. June 13, 2013
Which particle in an atom has no electric charge associated with it? a. proton c. neutron b. electron d. nucleus Jun 12 9:28 PM The electrons in a metal sphere can be made to move by touching it with a
More informationELECTRICITY UNIT REVIEW
ELECTRICITY UNIT REVIEW S1-3-04: How does the Atomic Model help to explain static electricity? 1. Which best describes static electricity? a) charges that can be collected and held in one place b) charges
More informationPart 4: Electricity & Magnetism
Part 4: Electricity & Magnetism Notes: Magnetism Magnetism Magnets: 1.Have a north and south pole 2.Like poles repel; opposite poles attract - The larger the distance between the magnets, the weaker the
More informationElectricity. Chapter 21
Electricity Chapter 21 Electricity Charge of proton Positive Charge of electron Negative Charge of neutron NONE Atoms have no charge because the charges of the protons and electrons cancel each other out.
More informationElectricity. Prepared by Juan Blázquez, Alissa Gildemann. Electric charge is a property of all objects. It is responsible for electrical phenomena.
Unit 11 Electricity 1. Electric charge Electric charge is a property of all objects. It is responsible for electrical phenomena. Electrical phenomena are caused by the forces of attraction and repulsion.
More informationELECTRICITY Electric Fence Experiment.
ELECTRICITY Electric Fence Experiment. Can you guess what will happen? What would life be like without electricity? List 4 things that you would miss the most: 1) 2) 3) 4) Positive and Negative Charge
More informationProperties of Electric Charge
1 Goals 2 Properties of Electric Charge 2 Atomic Structure: Composed of three main particles: 1. Proton 2. Neutron 3. Electron Things to Remember: 3 Everything is made of atoms. Electrons can move from
More informationElectric charge is conserved the arithmetic sum of the total charge cannot change in any interaction.
Electrostatics Electric charge is conserved the arithmetic sum of the total charge cannot change in any interaction. Electric Charge in the Atom Atom: Nucleus (small, massive, positive charge) Electron
More informationElectricity. Year 10 Science
Electricity Year 10 Science What is electricity? The collection or flow of electrons in the form of an electric charge What is static electricity? A stationary electrical charge that is built up on the
More informationPSC1341 Chapter 5 Electricity and Magnetism
PSC1341 Chapter 5 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5: Electricity and Magnetism A. The Atom B. Electricity C. Static Electricity D. A circuit E. Current and Voltage F. Resistance G. Ohm s Law H. Power
More informationElectricity
Electricity Electric Charge There are two fundamental charges in the universe. Positive (proton) has a charge of +1.60 x 10-19 C Negative (electron) has a charge of 1.60 x 10-19 C There is one general
More informationElectricity. Part 1: Static Electricity
Electricity Part 1: Static Electricity Introduction: Atoms Atoms are made up of charged particles. Atoms are made of 3 subatomic particles: Electrons protons, electrons and neutrons. Protons () Charge
More informationElectrical Forces arise from particles in atoms.
Electrostatics Electrical Forces arise from particles in atoms. The protons(+) in the nucleus attract the electrons and hold them in orbit Electrons(-)repel other electrons and protons repel other protons
More informationSTUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 5 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 1) ASSOCIATE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES WITH THEIR ELECTRICAL CHARGE
Name Date STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 5 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 1) ASSOCIATE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES WITH THEIR ELECTRICAL CHARGE Scientists now know that an atom is composed of even smaller particles of matter:
More informationConceptual Physical Science 6 th Edition
Conceptual Physical Science 6 th Edition Chapter 8: STATIC AND CURRENT ELECTRICITY 1 Chapter 8: STATIC AND CURRENT ELECTRICITY Chapter 8: Read: All Homework: Four problems from the following set: 4, 6,
More informationCLASS X- ELECTRICITY
Conductor- Insulator: Materia Materials through which electric current cannot pass are called insulators. Electric Circuit: A continuous a CLASS X- ELECTRICITY als through which electric current can pass
More informationElectric Charge. Positive and Negative Charge
Positive and Negative Charge Atoms contain particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons have electric charge, and neutrons have no electric charge. Positive and Negative Charge
More informationElectric Charges & Current. Chapter 12. Types of electric charge
Electric Charges & Current Chapter 12 Types of electric charge Protons w/ + charge stuck in the nucleus Electrons w/ - charge freely moving around the nucleus in orbits 1 Conductors Allow the easy flow
More informationSNC1DI Unit Review: Static & Current Electricity
SNC1DI Unit Review: Static & Current Electricity 1. Be able to recognize the definitions for the following terms: Friction Contact Induction Lightning Electrostatic Series Pithball electroscope Insulators
More informationMagnets attract some metals but not others
Electricity and Magnetism Junior Science Magnets attract some metals but not others Some objects attract iron and steel. They are called magnets. Magnetic materials have the ability to attract some materials
More informationChapter 33 - Electric Fields and Potential. Chapter 34 - Electric Current
Chapter 33 - Electric Fields and Potential Chapter 34 - Electric Current Electric Force acts through a field An electric field surrounds every electric charge. It exerts a force that causes electric charges
More informationElectric Currents and Circuits
Electric Currents and Circuits Producing Electric Current Electric Current flow of charged particles Need a potential difference to occur Conventional Current- flow of positive charges flowing from positive
More informationLecture (07) Electric Current and Resistance By: Dr. Ahmed ElShafee Dr. Ahmed ElShafee, ACU : Spring 2015, Physics II
Lecture (07) Electric Current and Resistance By: Dr. Ahmed ElShafee ١ The glow of the thin wire filament of a light bulb is caused by the electric current passing through it. Electric energy is transformed
More informationA Review of Circuitry
1 A Review of Circuitry There is an attractive force between a positive and a negative charge. In order to separate these charges, a force at least equal to the attractive force must be applied to one
More informationElectric Charge. Electric Charge ( q ) unbalanced charges positive and negative charges. n Units Coulombs (C)
Electric Charge Electric Charge ( q ) unbalanced charges positive and negative charges n Units Coulombs (C) Electric Charge How do objects become charged? Types of materials Conductors materials in which
More informationClosed loop of moving charges (electrons move - flow of negative charges; positive ions move - flow of positive charges. Nucleus not moving)
Unit 2: Electricity and Magnetism Lesson 3: Simple Circuits Electric circuits transfer energy. Electrical energy is converted into light, heat, sound, mechanical work, etc. The byproduct of any circuit
More informationHIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE. Physical Science 7: Electricity & Magnetism
HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE Physical Science 7: Electricity & Magnetism WILLMAR PUBLIC SCHOOL 2013-2014 EDITION CHAPTER 7 Electricity & Magnatism In this chapter you will: 1. Analyze factors that affect the strength
More informationElectricity MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE
Electricity MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE Electric charges Atoms and molecules can have electrical charges. These are caused by electrons and protons. Electrons are negatively charged. Protons are positively
More informationElectricity Test Review
Electricity Test Review Definitions; Series Circuit, Parallel Circuit, Equivalent Resistance, Fuse, Circuit Breaker, kilowatt hour, load, short circuit, dry cell, wet cell, fuel cells, solar cells, fossil
More informationLesson Plan: Electric Circuits (~130 minutes) Concepts
Lesson Plan: Electric Circuits (~130 minutes) Concepts 1. Electricity is the flow of electric charge (electrons). 2. Electric Charge is a property of subatomic particles. 3. Current is the movement of
More informationChapter 19, Electricity Physical Science, McDougal-Littell, 2008
SECTION 1 (PP. 633-641): MATERIALS CAN BECOME ELECTRICALLY CHARGED. Georgia Standards: S8P2c Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and
More information1) The charge of an electron is. A) negative. B) positive. C) Electrons have no charge.
1) The charge of an electron is A) negative. B) positive. C) Electrons have no charge. 2) Two like charges A) have no effect on each other. B) repel each other. C) must be neutrons. D) neutralize each
More informationMaterial World Electricity and Magnetism
Material World Electricity and Magnetism Electrical Charge An atom is composed of small particles of matter: protons, neutrons and electrons. The table below describes the charge and distribution of these
More informationElectric Currents and Circuits
Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 19 Electric Currents and Circuits Marilyn Akins, PhD Broome Community College Electric Circuits The motion of charges leads to the idea of
More information7.1 ANALYSING ELECTRIC FIELDS AND CHARGE FLOW
7.1 ANALYSING ELECTRIC FIELDS AND CHARGE FLOW State the relationship between electron and electric current Where does charge come from? Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. At the center of
More informationChapter 3 Static and Current Electricity
Chapter 3 Static and Current Electricity 3.1 Static Electricity - the build up of an electronic charge on a body (object) Electroscope - a device for detecting (not measuring) static charge attraction/repulsion
More information12/2/2018. Monday 12/17. Electric Charge and Electric Field
Electricity Test Monday 1/17 Electric Charge and Electric Field 1 In nature, atoms are normally found with equal numbers of protons and electrons, so they are electrically neutral. By adding or removing
More informationProtons = Charge Electrons = Charge Neutrons = Charge. When Protons = Electrons, atoms are said to be ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL (no net charge)
QUICK WRITE: For 2 minutes, write the three parts of an atom and what their charges are. Explain what creates an electric charge (positive or negative) on something. Rules - You MUST write for the entire
More informationName: Block: Date: NNHS Introductory Physics: MCAS Review Packet #4 Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course
Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course I. C ONTENT S TANDARDS electricity and magnetism. 5.1 Recognize that an electric charge tends to be static on insulators
More information5. Positive charges one another.
1. Electric field lines indicate A. Both direction and relative strength B. Neither direction nor strength 5. Positive charges one another. A. Repel B. Attract 2. Whether or not charges will move in a
More informationElectricity Worksheets
Electricity Worksheets Jean Brainard, Ph.D. Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive
More informationDynamic Electricity. All you need to be an inventor is a good imagination and a pile of junk. -Thomas Edison
Dynamic Electricity All you need to be an inventor is a good imagination and a pile of junk. -Thomas Edison Review Everything is made of atoms which contain POSITIVE particles called PROTONS and NEGATIVE
More informationCHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT:
ELECTRICITY: CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT ELECTRIC CHARGE ELECTRIC CURRENT ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DEFINITION AND COMPONENTS EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT TYPES OF CIRCUITS ELECTRIC QUANTITIES VOLTAGE CURRENT RESISTANCE
More informationElectricity. dronstudy.com
Electricity Electricity is a basic part of our nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. We use electricity virtually every minute of every day for example in lighting, heating, refrigeration,
More information8. Electric circuit: The closed path along which electric current flows is called an electric circuit.
GIST OF THE LESSON 1. Positive and negative charges: The charge acquired by a glass rod when rubbed with silk is called positive charge and the charge acquired by an ebonite rod when rubbed with wool is
More informationRevision checklist SP10. SP10 Electricity and Circuits. SP10a Electric circuits. SP10b Current and potential difference
Electricity and Circuits a Electric circuits Describe the basic structure of an atom (positions, relative masses and relative charges of protons, neutrons and electrons). Recognise the circuit symbols
More information670 Intro Physics Notes: Electric Current and Circuits
Name: Electric Current Date: / / 670 Intro Physics Notes: Electric Current and Circuits 1. Previously, we learned about static electricity. Static electricity deals with charges that are at rest. 2. Now
More informationPreliminary Course Physics Module 8.3 Electrical Energy in the Home Summative Test. Student Name:
Summative Test Student Name: Date: / / IMPORTANT FORMULAE I = Q/t V = I.R R S = R 1 + R 2 +.. 1/R P = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + P = V.I = I 2.R = V 2 /R Energy = V.I.t E = F/q Part A. Multiple Choice Questions 1-20.
More informationOhms Law. V = IR V = voltage in volts (aka potential difference) I = Current in amps R = resistance in ohms (Ω)
Ohms Law V = IR V = voltage in volts (aka potential difference) I = Current in amps R = resistance in ohms (Ω) Current How would you define it? Current the movement of electric charge through a medium
More informationUnit 3 BLM Answers UNIT 3 BLM 3-46
UNIT 3 BLM 3-46 Unit 3 BLM Answers BLM 3-3, Charge Transfer Diagrams 1. Positively charged objects should have more (+) than ( ). Negatively charged objects should have more ( ) than (+). 2. They must
More informationChapter 25 Electric Currents and Resistance. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 25 Electric Currents and Resistance Units of Chapter 25 The Electric Battery Electric Current Ohm s Law: Resistance and Resistors Resistivity Electric Power Units of Chapter 25 Power in Household
More informationElectricity CHARGE. q = 1.6 x10-19 C
Electricity CHARGE q = 1.6 x10-19 C How many protons in a Coulomb? -19 1.00 C x (1 proton) / (1.60 x 10 C) = 18 6.25x10 protons! Opposites Attract Most materials are Electrically NEUTRAL (lowest potential
More informationElectric Charge and Static Electricity
Name Date Class Electricity Section Summary Electric Charge and Static Electricity Guide for Reading How do electric charges interact? What is an electric field? How does static electricity build up and
More informationMagnetic Attraction and Electromagnetism. Spring 2011
Magnetic Attraction and Electromagnetism Spring 2011 The Nature of Magnetism Magnets are found everywhere doorbells, TV s, computers Magnets were discovered in a region in Greece called.you guessed it
More informationGreek Letter Omega Ω = Ohm (Volts per Ampere)
) What is electric current? Flow of Electric Charge 2) What is the unit we use for electric current? Amperes (Coulombs per Second) 3) What is electrical resistance? Resistance to Electric Current 4) What
More informationElectric Charge and Force
CHAPTER 17 21 SECTION Electricity Electric Charge and Force KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What are the different kinds of electric charge? How do materials become electrically
More informationElectromagnetism Review Sheet
Electromagnetism Review Sheet Electricity Atomic basics: Particle name Charge location protons electrons neutrons + in the nucleus - outside of the nucleus neutral in the nucleus What would happen if two
More informationElectric Force and Charge. Electric Force and Charge. Electric Force and Charge. Electric Force and Charge. Electric Force and Charge
Hewitt/Lyons/Suchocki/Yeh Conceptual Integrated Science Chapter 7 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Electric forces can attract some objects and repel others Electric charge: the fundamental quantity that underlies
More informationElectricity Worksheet (p.1) All questions should be answered on your own paper.
Electricity Worksheet (p.1) 1. In terms of attraction and repulsion, how do negative particles affect negative particles? How do negatives affect positives? 2. What happens to electrons in any charging
More informationHistory. The word electricity comes from the Greek elektron which means amber. The amber effect is what we call static electricity.
Electrostatics 1 History The word electricity comes from the Greek elektron which means amber. The amber effect is what we call static electricity. 2 ELECTROSTATICS the study of electric charges, forces
More informationNote on Posted Slides. Flow of Charge. Electricity/Water Analogy: Continuing the Analogy. Electric Current
Note on Posted Slides These are the slides that I intended to show in class on Tue. Mar. 18, 2014. They contain important ideas and questions from your reading. Due to time constraints, I was probably
More informationDownloaded from
CHAPTER 12 ELECTRICITY Electricity is a general term that encompasses a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These include many easily recognizable phenomena such
More informationBasic Electricity Video Exam
Name: Class: Date: Basic Electricity Video Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Matter is made of. a. plasma, gas, and solid b. solid,
More informationTest Review Electricity
Name: Date: 1. An operating television set draws 0.71 ampere of current when connected to a 120-volt outlet. Calculate the time it takes the television to consume 3.0 10 5 joules of electric energy. [Show
More informationPhysics Module Form 5 Chapter 2- Electricity GCKL 2011 CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT
2.1 CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT Van de Graaf 1. What is a Van de Graaff generator? Fill in each of the boxes the name of the part shown. A device that produces and store electric charges at high voltage
More informationTheme 5: Electricity in the Home
Theme 5: Electricity in the Home Static Electricity WHAT IS STATIC ELECTRICITY? Everything we see is made up of tiny little parts called atoms. So what are atoms made of? In the middle of each atom is
More informationElectric Force and Charges. Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition. Electric Force and Charges
Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition Central rule of electricity Opposite charges attract one another; like charges repel. Chapter 22: ELECTROSTATICS This lecture will help you understand: Electrical Forces
More informationSECTION 3 BASIC AUTOMATIC CONTROLS UNIT 12 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
SECTION 3 BASIC AUTOMATIC CONTROLS UNIT 12 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Unit Objectives Describe the structure of an atom. Identify atoms with a positive charge and atoms with a negative charge. Explain
More informationQuest Chapter 32. Think Is this any different than the electrons flying around a nucleus?
1 How does the mass of an object change when it acquires a positive charge? 1. Increases 2. More information is needed. 3. Decreases 4. Doesn t change 2 Why do clothes often cling together after tumbling
More informationA negatively charged object has more electrons than protons. A negatively charged object has more electrons than protons
Electricity Electricity Describes all phenomena caused by positive and negative charges Electrical charge is caused by protons and electrons Electrons and protons are subatomic particles found in the atom
More informationNATIONAL 5 PHYSICS ELECTRICITY
NATIONAL 5 PHYSICS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICAL CHARGE CARRIERS AND CURRENT Electrical Charge Electrical charge exists in two distinct types positive charge and negative charge. It is also possible for an object
More informationChapter 20 Electric Circuits
Chapter 0 Electric Circuits Chevy olt --- Electric vehicle of the future Goals for Chapter 9 To understand the concept of current. To study resistance and Ohm s Law. To observe examples of electromotive
More informationNotes on Electricity (Circuits)
A circuit is defined to be a collection of energy-givers (batteries) and energy-takers (resistors, light bulbs, radios, etc.) that form a closed path (or complete path) through which electrical current
More informationChapter 8. Electricity and Magnetism. Law of Charges. Negative/Positive
Chapter 8 Electricity and Magnetism Electricity and Magnetism (1) Electric Charge Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic
More informationElectromagnetism Checklist
Electromagnetism Checklist Elementary Charge and Conservation of Charge 4.1.1A Convert from elementary charge to charge in coulombs What is the charge in coulombs on an object with an elementary charge
More informationElectrostatics and Charge. Creating Electric Fields
Electrostatics and Charge Creating Electric Fields Electric Charges Recall that all matter is made of atoms. Neutral atoms can acquire a charge in several different ways, all of which require movement
More informationElectromotive Force. The electromotive force (emf), ε, of a battery is the maximum possible voltage that the battery can provide between its terminals
Direct Current When the current in a circuit has a constant magnitude and direction, the current is called direct current Because the potential difference between the terminals of a battery is constant,
More informationLESSON 5: ELECTRICITY II
LESSON 5: ELECTRICITY II The first two points are a review of the previous lesson 1.1.ELECTRIC CHARGE - Electric charge is a property of all objects and is responsible for electrical phenomena. -All matter
More informationELECTRICITY. Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page
ELECTRICITY 1. Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor. Cell or battery 2. Define 1 volt. Express it in terms of SI unit of work and charge calculate the amount of
More informationNote on Posted Slides
Note on Posted Slides These are the slides that I intended to show in class on Wed. Mar. 13, 2013. They contain important ideas and questions from your reading. Due to time constraints, I was probably
More informationLearning Module 2: Fundamentals of Electricity. 101 Basic Series
Learning Module 2: Fundamentals of Electricity 101 Basic Series What You Will Learn We will start with an overview to introduce you to the main points about electricity, then we will step through each
More informationChapter 02. Voltage and Current. Atomic Theory Review. Atomic Theory Review. Atomic Theory Review. Electrical Charge.
Chapter 02 Voltage and Current Atom Atomic Theory Review Contains a nucleus of protons and neutrons Nucleus is surrounded by a group of orbiting electrons Electrons are negative, protons are positive Electrically
More information20.1 Electric Charge and Static Electricity. Electric charge is responsible for clothes that stick together when they are removed from a dryer.
Electric charge is responsible for clothes that stick together when they are removed from a dryer. Electric Charge What produces a net electric charge? An excess or shortage of electrons produces a net
More informationChapter 17 Electric Current and Resistance Pearson Education, Inc.c
Chapter 17 Electric Current and Resistance 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.c 1 Units of Chapter 17 Batteries and Direct Current Current and Drift Velocity Resistance and Ohm s Law Electric Power 2010 Pearson
More information