SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION GENERATORS REACTIVE POWER IN WIND-POWER AND SMALL HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

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1 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION GENERATORS REACTIVE POWER IN WIND-POWER AND SMALL HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev Azebajan Scentfc-Reeach and Dgned-Popectng Inttute of Enegetc, Baku, Azebajan AZ0, Aven. H.Zadab-94 e-al: ABSTRACT Reactve powe copenaton of aynchonou geneato wnd powe and all hyoelectc powe taton nceae the elablty of connectng the to the o-called "weak" powe gd of powe yte. The ethod of eactve powe copenaton fo aynchonou geneato of vaou degn. Aynchonou geneato ae wdely ued a an electoechancal convete n wnd-powe and all hyo-powe plant. The an advantage of thee geneato ae low cot, ple degn, elablty n opeaton, etance to the extenal accdent and etc. But along wth th, they have oe dadvantage uch a eactve powe conupton, voltage contol nablty (unable to contol voltage), a gnfcant voltage educton n tat-up of the powe plant, that patculaly affected by the plant unt atng and a "weak" powe gd/electcal netwok at the place of the ntallaton. Havng ued a above-entoned electoechancal convete - AC achne have vaou degn and layout. The plet of the quel-cage oto nducton geneato, whch anly ued n all hyopowe plant at the ealy tage of the powe ange. The next one ae wth nducton geneato cage oto wth fequency nvete (VFD-Vaable Fequency Dve) wth fully contolled thyto n the geneato tato ccut. Thee convete have been appled n edu and hgh powe wnd-powe plant, and pactcally ae not ued n all hyo-powe engneeng. Double-fed nducton achne (DFIM) the ot wdely ued geneato n wnd-powe engneeng. They equpped wth fequency nvete connected to the oto wndng of the achne. At the ae te condeng undenable advantage, thee achne can be alo ecoended to be ued n edu and elatvely hgh powe all hyo powe plant. Th papewok tude eveal ubject of eactve powe copenaton of vaou type and confguaton of aynchonou geneato otated by enewable enegy ouce. It hould be noted that, n condeable aount of pape wok eactve powe copenaton of thee electoechancal convete coveed [,,]. But n a geate degee, they tudy teady tate and qua teady tate opeaton ode. The eactve powe copenaton n the tat-up condton ean pooly tuded []. Once oe t hould be noted that condeable aount of eactve powe copenaton equed naely dung the tat-up ode, t avalablty ay hnde the voltage op when the geneato otated by enewable enegy ouce and connected to the "weak" electc gd, theeby ubtantally pove the elablty. Inducton geneato wth cage oto 8

2 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe Let u conde eactve powe copenaton of the aynchonou geneato wth cage oto, whch wdely ued a an electoechancal tanduce n all hyopowe plant. A a eult of a full-cale expeent on the geneato wth ated powe of P no. = kw, t wa evealed that eactve powe conupton of aynchonou geneato lghtly depend on t actve/etve load, theefoe fo th cla of geneato ung non-adjutable capacto battey ecoended. Howeve t hould be taken nto condeaton that, the expeent wa caed out on unde-loaded AC achne. Copute ulaton of aynchonou geneato, ade on the bae of nducton oto 4АН50М4 wth ated powe Р=0 kw wa pefoed. Opeatng ode of all hyopowe plant geneato ulated toque on the geneato haft changed by changng of openng angle of echancally ven hyo tubne wcket gate. Change of geneato opeaton condton data hown n Table. wt,.u. р,.u. ω,.u. q,.u.,.u. 0,0 0,0 0,7 0,8 0, 0,,00 0, 0,5 0, 0,0,00 0,9 0, 4 0, 0,0,005 0,5 0,9 5 0,4 0,40,007 0,65 0,48 6 0,5 0,50,009 0,8 0, ,6 0,60,0 0,04 0, ,7 0,709,0 0,8 0,78 9 0,8 0,8,04 0,57 0, ,85 0,86,05 0,74 0,94 Table. Table data analy how that n pactce, eactve powe changng fo non-load unnng (n т WT = 0,0) to ated load (n WT = 0,85) appoxately 64%. But f t wa knowngly elected ovezed n te geneato powe and t axu loadng confoed to the half of the ated powe (ow 5 on Table ), then eactve powe (q 5 = 0,65) exceed the non-load unnng eactve powe only by 6%, whch confo wth full-cale expeent eult, hown n []. In th cae t eaonable to ue non-adjutable tatc capacto battee, and the value at q 5 =0,65 appoxately (S bae =9, kva) Q 5 =4, kvar. In the cae of ated loadng = 0,85 and q l0 =0,74 the powe of capacto battee hould be q l0 = 48, kvar. Geneato tat-up condton alo nteetng enough to conde. Fgue (a, b, c, d) how coepondng change of geneato opeaton condton electoagnetc toque EM, eactve powe q, oto peed ω, and total powe S at the nal toque of the wnd(wate) tubne on the geneato haft т WT = 0,0 (nu denote geneato ode, and plu denote oto ode). Fluctoga how that the aveage value of the eactve powe at tat-up (Fg.,b) q=,6 (el.unt) and t ean contant wthn =50 ad. (t=, ec.).although elatve eactve powe at the tat-up ha a condeable value, but tat-up duaton fo th type of geneato all and the abolute value of tat-up eactve powe n weak electcal gd caue all voltage op at geneato connecton pont fo a hot whle.) Theefoe t not eaonable to ake pecal effot fo eactve powe copenaton at geneato tat-up. 9

3 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe WT p a) b) q ω c) d) 0

4 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe Fgue. When geneato powe MW, tat-up te t n =4 5 ec and eactve powe tat-up value q n =4,7 el. unt, that ay have ubtantal nfluence on electcal gd at the connecton pont. In addton to that, eactve powe eache to condeable value at the teady tate ode. Fo exaple, fo the ae type of geneato at ated load pg=0,8, eactve powe wll each to value qg=0,49 elatve unt, whch n abolute value Qg=0 kvar. All above entoned pont ndcate that whle atteptng ung pue aynchonou geneato wth cage oto fo the wnd-powe and all hyo-powe plant at the elatvely hgh powe ange t ceate vtually undecdable poble n eactve powe copenaton at tat-up and egula opeaton, whch adveely affect electcal gd functonng, epecally at the weak pont. Paaete and equaton of atheatcal odel of geneato wth ated powe of Р no. =0 kw and Р no. =000 kw ae lted n Appendx. Aynchonou geneato wth quel-cage oto and fequency nvete n geneato tato ccut Above entoned electoechancal convete ae ued n elatvely hgh powe wnd-powe plant wth ated powe of kw (e.g. Seen Wnd Powe GbH). In th cae fequency nvete ae ade on the ba of fully contolled IGBT- tanto wth PWM contol. Avalablty of the fequency nvete on the tato ccut of aynchonou geneato otated by enewable enegy ouce, allow ubtantally expand functonal capablte of the electoechancal convete, ncludng eactve powe copenaton at the tat-up ode. Let conde th on the wnd-powe plant (WPP) exaple. A known [4], WPP equpped wth fequency nvete fo the effcency poveent (.e. enegy geneaton poveent) at the pecfc ange of the wnd peed vaaton. Th ange detened by the axu value of wnd powe utlzaton facto. A a ule of thub, fo the bg WPP the powe tanon nto the electcal gd occu at ntal value of the wnd peed,5 4 /ec. In th cae the aynchonou geneato peed nal (.e. fequency nvete functon at the lowe bodelne fequency).if wnd peed ange fo 6 7 /ec to 0 /ec, the geneato otatng fequency egulated fo the nu to the axu value. Fo the wnd peed ange fo,5 4 /ec to 6 7 /ec and fo0 /ec to wnd peed calculated value, at whch the ated powe V calc. (4 5 /ec) geneated; the geneato opeate at the contant peed, wth lowet n the ft cae and wth the hghet n the econd cae. Let buld the atheatcal odel of above entoned opeaton algoth of aynchonou geneato wth fequency nvete on tato ccut and chooe oe pefeed fequency nvete contol wth the eactve powe conupton nzaton and t copenaton pont of vew. Fo th pupoe t pefeable to ue fxed pace axe d, q, fo equaton of wnd powe unt aynchonou achne [5]: e)

5 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe pψ pψ pψ pψ pω d q EM d q k k T k k U U ψ j ψ ψ ψ ψ co d q n k k k k EM T ψ ψ ψ ψ ψ In thee equaton: ψ d, ψ q, ψ, ψ ae tato and oto agnetc lnkage at the fxed axe d and q, and d, q,, ae cuent accodngly. U co U U n ae tato voltage coponent, whee U a odule of; U ; d q, actve etance of aynchonou geneato tato and oto ccut; Tj neta contant of aynchonou geneato oto and wnd (wate) tubne n [ad]; t te n adan; p dffeentaton ybol fo te ; EM and WT electoagnetc oent of wnd (wate) tubne. Coeffcent ae detened by the followng expeon: x k x x x ; x k x x x ; x k x x x. Th notaton allow condeng occuence and contol of fequency nvete output paaete, ntalled n tato ccut of aynchonou geneato wth cage oto. In th cae voltage coponent n equaton () wll be equated a: U d ku co k f (), U k n k whee k U q u j f u apltude coponent contolled value of tato voltage; U. bae U. bae efeence value of tato voltage; U. bae U f. n. ; f k f fequency coponent contolled value of tato voltage; f bae f bae = f н =50 Hz efeence value of cuent fequency. A notced, fequency tat-up avalable n the wnd-powe plant equpped wth the fequency nvete. It would appea eaonable that th tat-up wll be pleented po to nu value of wnd powe plant oto peed. Let u conde the aynchonou geneato wth ated powe of Р no. =000 kw, whch play electoechancal convete oleat WPP (wnd powe plant).fo exaple, n Seen, MW/9-45 WPP lowe otay peed ~550 ev. pe n., and uppe 450 ev. pe n., n othe wod lowe otay peed ω 0,4. Condeng that WPP tatup dectly at wnd peed 4 /ec and k u =k f =, then eactve powe value would be q ax =4,7 el. unt wth duaton of 80 ad. (~7 ec), whch uely unallowable. Fluctoga of opeaton condton change at the tat-up n the contant fequency f 0, 4 f hown n Fg. (a, b, c, d, e). Fg..a how the fluctoga geneato ftd electoagnetc toque change n vng oent of the wnd-tubne engne at the geneato haft; WT = 0,0 (that coepond to the wnd peed V no.,5 /ec). Afte endng the tanent poce, d q d WT q ()

6 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe the toque value wtche fo the potve, that coepond to the oto ode, to negatve value of EM = WT = 0,0, whch geneato ode. The WPP oto peed eache the value ω =0,400, whch ndcatng that achne opeatng n geneato ode (lp S 0,4 = 0,0005) (Fg.,b). In Fg. (c,d) fluctoga of change of eactve powe q and total powe S of the geneato hown, and both have potve gn. The potve gn how that thee powe ae conued fo the electcal gd; oeove they lghtly dffe fo each othe. It alo coepond to the phyc of the poce, a teady-tate value of actve powe canty p 0, 004. Steady-tate p value of powe facto co 0,4 0,0. S WT p q a) b) t c)

7 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe ω d) e) Fgue. Analyzng fluctoga at Fg. followng concluon can be ade: Although dung the low fequency tat-up, the tatng eactve powe value condeably deceae and t lfete (q ax =,9; t cont. =50 ad.), the eactve powe value ean ubtantally hgh. The avalablty of fequency nvete on the oto ccut of aynchonou geneato gve an oppotunty of fequency tatng of WPP. Fo ake of plcty n pleentaton, let aue that, lnea fequency tatup caed out, whch ean voltage apltude and fequency appled to geneato tato wndng ae changng a pe the followng coelaton: ku k f k 0 k () Upon that, peed of fequency e kf ut be ynchonzed wth the WPP haft peed gowth ate. At the Fg. fluctoga of opeatng condton change at the fequency tat-up hown. Apltude and fequency ae changng lnealy a pe coelaton: k 0, 0, 0007 (4) u k f In Fg.,a electoagnetc toque cuve at the WM = 0,05 hown. Fo the cuve t can be een evdently that the aveage value EM at the fequency tat-up at ω =0 doe not exceed EM =, then wth elatvely lght ocllatontoque cuve change fo the oto ode to the geneato ode and et n value EM = WM = 0,05. In Fg.,b fluctoga of oto otaton fequency change of WWP at the fequency peedup hown k f =k u =0,4. Rotaton fequency et at n=0, And fnally, n Fg.,c eactve powe cuve at the fequency tat-up hown. The powe changng n the ange of Q 0, o to q0,4 0, 95, notably aveage value of eactve powe tangble, and t duaton cont. ~ 800 ad. 4

8 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe WT p a) b) q ω c) d) 5

9 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe Fgue. Afte fequency tat-up, let u conde eactve powe at the teady tate ode at low fequency n otaton fequency contol zone n popoton to wnd peed and at the fequency axu value. All eult ae tabulated n Table. Analyzng eult hown n Table, the followng concluon can be awn. At the tat-up ode (fequency tat-up) aveage capacty copenatng eactve powe tatng value Q co. 0,6 n elatve unt, at the axu load th value equal to Qco 0, 45and at the tt ax. edu load th value Q 0,, and at leat at the nu load Q 0, 5.) Theeby, fo co ed e) the eactve powe copenaton of WPP wth ated powe Рtd =000 kw deally 4 et of tatc capacto battee [tatc copenato], wth Qbat~5 kvar powe each, ae equed. Baed on opeaton ode, contollable et of SCB (tattc capacto battey) wll povde capactve powe fo 00 kvar at the tat-up; 975 kvar at the axu load; 650kVAR at the edu load (duaton of whch abolute ajoty), and 5 kvar - at the nu load. A only 4 tage of SCB ae equed, then t poble to lt by the tep contol though econducto (thyto) wtche. Table. k u =k f n EM р EM S q Fequency fo 0 tat up to 0,40 0,05 0,0 0, 0, 0,4 0,40 0,5 0,06 0,45 0, 0,4 0,40 0,6 0,064 0,47 0, 4 0,5 0,50 0,74 0,087 0,88 0,66 5 0,6 0,60 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,0 6 0,7 0,704 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,44 7 0,8 0,806 0,448 0,6 0,464 0,9 8 0,9 0,907 0,568 0,56 0,6 0,48 9,009 0,70 0,709 0,84 0,49 0,0 0,75 0,758 0,87 0,4,0 0,8 0,809 0,9 0,446,06 0,8 0,89 0,955 0,455,0 0,85 0,86 0,976 0,46 co n A a atte of pactce n copenatng devce powe and aount electon followng facto ae condeed: haonc, copenablty of the gd and etc. 6

10 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe Inducton geneato wth phae-wound oto and fequency convete at the oto ccut (double-feed nducton achne) Above entoned geneato ued a an electoechancal convete epecally n wndpowe plant (70-80% of all WPP feld), but ove the lat yea t tend to be ued a a hyoelectc geneato n all hyoelectc powe plant. Double-feed nducton achne wth fequency nvete at the oto ccut allow to egulate oto otaton fequency of the WPP n the ange of ±5 0% by the neton of e..f. (electootve foce) nto oto wndng wth lp fequency [6]. It eay to wte and olve geneato dffeental equaton on the axe otatng at the geneato oto peed. Th allow to ulate oto voltage apltude and fequency [6] contol ode elatvely ply: pψ U n p T p pψ pψ pψ d q EM d q k k k k U U U ψ j d ψ ψ ψ ψ co k d q k WP u q k k k k u co T ψ ψ ψ ψ ψ k n k j q d q f d EM d f q 7 d q Hee, k u and k f ae facto condeng oto voltage apltude and fequency contol. A entoned befoe, n thee geneato oto peed contolled baed on wnd peed up and down fo ynchonou peed not oe than 5 0% (fo 0,75 0,7 to,5, n elatve unt). The ated powe of fequency nvete not oe than 0% of the geneato ated powe, and th gve copaatve advantage to the WPP equpped wth double-feed aynchonou geneato ove the WPP equpped wth quel-cage aynchonou geneato wth fequency convete at the tato ccut. In cae of aynchonou geneato wth cage oto the ated powe of the fequency nvete ut not be le than the ated powe of the geneato. If thee WPP pefo dect tatng, then n the equaton (5) oto voltage coponent U ut be equated to zeo. p 0 (6) p 0 But n th cae tat-up value of eactve powe eache up to 5-6 ultple value, and t duaton depend on plant flyweght. Theefoe, dect connecton of WPP wth double-fed nducton achne to weak electc gd undeable. Fequency nvete on the oto ccut enable fequency tat-up, f nvete powe ange ake t poble.) Howeve, t potant to note that, fequency tat-up effcent at the fequency vaaton fo (0 0,) to (0, 0,4) unt of ated value. A the lowe contol lt of thee geneato n the ange of 0,75 0,7 elatve unt, and the uppe contol lt n ange of q d (5)

11 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe,5, elatve unt, o afte fequency tat-up t potant to get fequency of 0,75 0,7 el. unt. At the Fg. 4 fluctoga of geneato opeatng condton change n fequency tat-up at the oto voltage apltude and fequency changng a pe followng expeon hown: WT k 0, 0, 0008 (7) u k f a) p q b) c) 8

12 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe ω d) e) Fgue.4 Electoagnetc toque EM, eactve powe q and WPP otaton fequency hown n Fg.4 (a, b, c) pactcally ae wth appopate cuve at the cuent fequency changng fo the pat of aynchonou geneato tato. It well known that WPP wth double-fed aynchonou geneato allow otaton fequency contol n popoton to wnd peed at the ange of 5-0%. Upon th powe facto change fo 0,9 (nductve) to 0,9 (capactve). When eactve powe conued fo electcal gd, nductve powe facto coφ=0,9 accopaned by lght load, coepondng to low haft otaton fequence of WPP. Aveage value of conued eactve powe n th opeatng ode qcon 0,5. Baed upon fequency tat-up, f aued that the copenatng capacto battey powe Q cap =0,5 (appox. Q cap =50 kvar n abolute unt n bae powe Р=00 kw), n th cae fo eactve powe copenaton vewpont at the tat-up and befoe copenaton opeatng ode n nductve ecton/ange, t poble n oe way to nze negatve nfluence of WPP to the electcal gd.) CONCLUSIONS. A a oluton of eactve powe copenaton n electcal gd, to whch WPP wth nducton geneato connected, at tat-up and teady-tate opeatng condton t eaonable to ue coplete atheatcal odel of nducton achne.. Ung nducton geneato wth cage oto a an electoechancal convete n WPP (wnd powe plant) and all HPP (hyoelectc powe plant), eactve powe at the tat-up ode wthn the ange of,5 4,5 elatve unt (lage value fo hgh powe). At the teady-tate ode, the eactve powe fo no-load to ated load opeaton changng n ange of 50 60%, that tate on ubtantve dependence of conued eactve powe fo load. 9

13 R.I. Mutafayev, L.H. Haanova, M.M. Muayev THE PAPER NAME SOME SUBJECTS OF COMPENSATION OF THE INDUCTION (Vol.8) 0, Decebe. Havng fequency convete n tato o oto ccut of cage and phae-wound oto nducton geneato t potant to cay out fequency tat-up. At the apltude and fequency changng a pe lnea law, t poble condeably educe aveage value of eactve powe fo,5-4,5 elatve unt to 0,5-0,6 elatve unt. In th cae the calculated eactve powe value of tatc capacto battee ued fo the copenaton wll be n eaonable lt. REFERENCES. G.D. Lejnyuk, A.V. Nktoovch, Jean-Pete Nghoa Copenaton of aynchonou geneato eactve powe at all hyoelectc powe plant. Scentfc wok of Vnntca natonal techncal unvety. Enegetc and electotechnology, 008, No, pag A.P. Zlatkovky Electcal equpent of county electcal faclte. M. Gozdatelkhoz, 95, 446 p.. Elpe Powe Qualtu Soluton. Wnd Enegy: Reactve Powe Copenaton Syte, 4. Wnd Enegy 006 Katalog 006 BWE Sevce GbH 5. R.I. Mutafayev, L.G. Haanova. Modelng and tudy of qua-teady-tate opeaton of wnd tubne wth aynchonou geneato wth fequency contol, Elektchetvo, 009 No.6, pag R.I. Mutafayev, L.G. Haanova. Modelng of dynac and teady tate ode of opeaton of wnd tubne wth double fed nducton achne. Elektotechnc, 008, No.9, pag. -5. APPENDIX a) Chaactetc of all nducton powe geneato on the bae of AC oto odel of 4AH 50M4: Р=0 kw сoφ=0,908 J=0,968 kg U н.ф =0 V R =0,0 Oh U bae = U н.ф =0 V I н.ф =95,5 A R ' 0, 07 I bae = I н.ф =77,85А = x =0,9 Oh U bae Z bae = I bae, 5 Oh p=4 x 0 =4,8 Oh Р bae U bae I bae 9, kw Sн=0,05 b) Chaactetc of aynchonou geneato on bae of double fed nducton oto odel of AKN -5-. MUKH L4: Р=000 kw в н =,5 R =0,7Oh x0 44, 59 Oh U н.ф =468V coφ=0,86 R ' 0, 8 U bae Z bae =4,758 Oh I bae I н.ф =5A ηн=0,95 x, 55 U bae = Uн.ф М н =8, kn U н =045 x ', 64 I bae = Iн.ф n td =500 p 0