PHYSICS: the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force.
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1 Car materials: 2 toilet paper rolls 8 water bottle caps 2 straws masking tape 2 4-inch bamboo skewers 5 paper clips 10 toothpicks PHYSICS: the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force.
2 MOTION Do Now: Be as still as possible. Even if you don't move a muscle you are still moving. Explain. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS * An object is in motion if its distance from a reference point is changing. * Speed is the distance traveled divided by the time traveled. V = d / t * Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes.
3 RELATIVE MOTION * Relative Motion depends on your point of view. position change must be in relation to a reference point SPEED * Speed is the distance traveled divided by the time speed = distance / time s = d/t Speed video * Instantaneous speed is the rate an object is moving at a given instant in time.
4 5 GRAPHING MOTION February 11, 2014 * When graphing motion, time is on the x-axis and distance on the y-axis. * The faster the motion, the steeper the slope of the straight line. * Slope is calculated as the rise (distance on the y-axis) divided by run (distance on the x-axis). GRAPHING SPEED * A graph of speed shows separate line segments, each with a slope relating distance covered during that particular time period. * A horizontal line shows an object is not moving as time passes.
5 Velocity Velocity is speed in a given direction. It is calculated by dividing distance by time also. A measurement of velocity must include a direction in the units Example: Todd's speed was 5 m/s but his velocity was 5 m/s East
6 Try it... Sam rides his bike 4 miles to Sylvan s house. It takes him 20 minutes. What was Sam s average speed? S = V = 4 mi / 20 min V =.2 mi/min What is Sam s speed in miles per hour?.2 mi 60 min V = x = 12.0 mi/hr 1 min 1 hr S = If Sylvan rode to Sam s house averaging 15 mi/hr, how long would it take him to go the 4 miles?
7 D S T Resultant Velocity (Combined velocity) 2 m/s East 5 m/s West the train is moving 20 m/s East ( ) What is the resultant velocity of Mr. A and the train? What is the resultant velocity of Ms. B and the train? What is the resultant velocity of Mr. C and the train? How would you define resultant velocity?
8 PRACTICE PROBLEMS : 1. Calculate the speed of a dog running through a field if he is covering 23.7 meters in 54 seconds. 2. If a cross country runner covers a distance of 347 meters in 134 seconds what is her speed? 3. What is the speed of a baseball that travels 49 meters in 2.4 seconds? 4. Calculate the velocity of a car that travels 556 kilometers northeast in 3.4 hours. Leave your answer in kilometers per hour. Speed Graph Do Now: This is a graph showing a person walking through a park. Distance (in meters; moving North) What can you tell about this person motion and speed for each colored segment? time in second
9 ACCELERATION * Acceleration is any change in velocity * Acceleration can be a decrease in speed, increase in speed, or a change in direc CALCULATING ACCELERATION To determine acceleration, calculate the change in speed per unit of time or as in the following equation: Acceleration = final speed - initial speed time For example: a = = 5 m/s 2 20 m/s - 5 m/s 3 s
10 February 11, 2014
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12 GRAPHING ACCELERATION Constant acceleration forms a straight line on a speed vs time graph. Constant acceleration forms a curve on a distance vs time graph
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14 Do Now: What is the acceleration of a car that is speeding up from 20 m/s East to 25 m/s East in 2 seconds? What is the acceleration of a rocket that was moving at 100m/s then, after 10 seconds, it crashes? Acceleration Graph Do Now: what do you think this graph is showing? speed (in meters/sec) time in second
15 Do Now: On a blank piece of paper, copy the following questions and leave 2-4 lines after. DO NOT ANSWER THEM! What is motion? What is a reference point? What is speed? What are the units we measure distance in? What are the units we measure time in? How can you measure the speed of a toy car? What is acceleration? What are 3 ways something can accelerate? How can we find the acceleration of something? *What are the 4 states of matter? *How do the atoms differ in each state? *How is the periodic table organized? *What are the 3 main types of elements on the periodic table? *What is the law of conservation of mass? *What does this law have to do with balancing equations?
16 1 The change in position relative to a reference point is A B C D speed motion velocity car parts 2 What is an object that is used to determine if an object is in motion? A B C point of contact motion point reference point
17 3 What is the distance travelled in a certain amount of time known as? 4 What is the one factor that makes speed different from velocity?
18 5 the rate of change in velocity is 6 what are the three ways an object can accelerate?
19 7 what is the equation to determine an object's acceleration? 8 what are the 4 states of matter?
20 9 How do the atoms behave in each state of matter? 10 How is the periodic table organized?
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