Units, measurements and uncertainty
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1 Units, measurements and uncertainty
2 Fundamental science: Physics Process of comparing measured values against reference or fundamental values Expressed in numbers and units Some quantities are in simplest form, others are chosen for convenience
3 Fundamental units
4 Topic 1: Measurement and uncertainties 1.1 Measurements in physics Fundamental and derived SI units PRACTICE: FYI: Blue headings are assessment criteria put out by the IBO SOLUTION: FYI: Funky print practice problems are drawn from old IB The correct answer is (D). tests FYI The body that has designed the IB course is called the IBO, short for International Baccalaureate Organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and Wales, England. The IBO expects you to memorize the fundamental units.
5 Derived units Involves measurement of two or more fundamental quantities For example: acceleration: m s 2 momentum: Ns
6 SI unit system international units How to find a fundamental unit? Think about a formula. For example find the fundamental unit of Force and energy Force = Newton N and E = Joule J Force = mg = kg m s 2 PE = mgh = kg m s 2 m = kg m 2 s 2
7 Derived Units expressed in SI units kg s 2 A 1 kg m 2 s 2 A 1
8 Prefix in data booklet
9 Standard form and scientific notation Standard form: Scientific form: 1.2 x 10 6 Changing big numbers: positive exponent, move right Standard form: Scientific form: 1.2 x 10 6
10 Using a micrometer screw gauge Range: 0 25mm Accuracy ~ 0.01mm = m
11 How to read a micrometer
12
13 Check for zero error
14 Fig 1 What is the micrometer reading here?
15 Fig 1 What is the micrometer reading here? 7.
16 Fig 1 What is the micrometer reading here? mm
17 Fig 2 What is the micrometer reading here?
18 Fig 2 What is the micrometer reading here? 7
19 Fig 2 What is the micrometer reading here? mm
20 Fig 3 What is the reading here?.mm
21 Fig 4 What is the reading here?.mm
22 Fig 5 What is the reading here?.mm
23 Fig 7 What is the reading here?.mm
24 Using Vernier calipers
25 How to read a Vernier caliper Metric Vernier Caliper Reading - YouTube [720p].wmv
26
27 Fig 1 What is the reading that should be recorded here? Answer:... mm
28 Fig 1 What is the reading that should be recorded here? Answer: mm
29 Fig 1 What is the reading that should be recorded here? Answer: mm
30 Fig 2 What is the reading that should be recorded here? Answer:... mm
31 Fig 2 What is the reading that should be recorded here? Answer: mm
32 Fig 2 What is the reading that should be recorded here? Answer: mm
33 Fig 3 What is the reading that should be recorded here? Answer:... mm
34 Fig 3 What is the reading that should be recorded here? Answer: mm
35 Fig 3 What is the reading that should be recorded here? Answer: mm
36 Fig 4 What is the reading that should be recorded here? Answer:... mm
37 Fig 5 What is the reading that should be recorded here? Answer:... mm
38 Fig 6 What is the reading that should be recorded here? Answer:... mm
39 Recording uncertainties What is the length of the pencil? How sure are you in each case?
40 Example How would you state the error in each case?
41 Example 7 SOLUTION: 6.2 is the nearest reading. The uncertainty is certainly less than 0.5.
42 Practice SOLUTION: Find the average of the two measurements: ( ) / 2 = Find the range / 2 of the two measurements: ( ) / 2 = 0.2. The measurement is 50.0 ± 0.2 cm.
43 Absolute error your choice Limit of reading is the smallest graduation of the scale of an instrument Uncertainty is at least 1/2 of the limit of reading In most cases the uncertainty is greater than the limit of reading
44 For each object find the limit of reading, the uncertainty and state the measurement
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