Evaluation on Ecological Environment of Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents in China

Transcription

1 AMSE JOURNALS-2016-Seres: Modellg C; Vol. 77; N 1; pp Submtted July 2016; Revsed Oct. 15, 2016, Accepted Dec. 10, 2016 Evaluato o Ecologcal Evromet of Scetfc ad Techologcal Iovato Talets Cha Nabg Xao Busess School, Hoha Uversty Cha, West Focheg Road, Nag, (ssb0210@163.com) Abstract Ecologcal evromet of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet drectly affects the cofgurato of resources ad ecoomc developmet. Ths paper costructs ecologcal evromet evaluato dex system of regoal scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet, by usg etropy value method to empowermet of the evaluato dex, ad set par aalyss method to aalyze Chese scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet ecologcal evromet comprehesvely The study shows that: (1) Ecoomc developmet, socal securty, scece ad educato ad talet, scetfc ad techologcal ovato etrepreeurshp evaluato results show that the easter rego > cetral rego > wester rego;(2) I the ecologcal evromet comprehesve evaluato of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talets, easter rego > cetral rego> wester rego;(3)socal securty ad scetfc ad techologcal ovato etrepreeurshp codtos are the ma factors. Key words: Scetfc ad techologcal ovato talets, evaluato, set par aalyss 1. Itroducto Talet s the most valuable resource ad wealth today's socety. Uder the backgroud of ecoomc globalzato, each coutry or rego has bee swept up the battle for global talets resources. The success or falure of talet resources the global competto depeds o whether the coutry provdes a good ecologcal evromet o growth ad career developmet for all kds of talets. Therefore, essece, the talet competto s the competto of talet ecologcal evromet. Implemetato of depedet ovato s the breakthrough of 108

2 developmet bottleeck Cha especally the west rego, ad mportat strateges to realze ecoomc ad socal developmet. The key to mprove the ablty of depedet ovato s the cultvato of ovatve talets scece ad techology. Ad good talet ecologcal evromet s the cradle of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talets, ad t has postve sgfcace to the stock of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talets scale ad mprovemet of qualty ad ablty. May scholars studed talet ecologcal evromet ad obtaed the valuable coclusos. Through sortg them ca be foud: o the research cotet, the research maly took Shadog provce Chese easter rego (Xu, 2013; Lu, 2014), Zheag provce (Zhog, 2014) ad the wester rego (Hao, 2015), etc. as examples, carred o the emprcal aalyss ad put forward the correspodg suggesto; O the research methods, ths research maly used aalytc herarchy process ad data evelopmet aalyss (Zhou, 2013) ad fuzzy comprehesve evaluato method (Xu, 2014) ad other methods; I addto, there are some scholars to research talets evaluato dex system of ecologcal evromet (L, 2006; Rua, 2011), make aalyss ad evaluato. The above research provdes referece for talet ecologcal evromet evaluato, but also has some lmtatos: o the research methods, scholars maly adopt qualtatve descrpto or aalytc herarchy process, the subectvty s stroger ad cocluso has certa oe-sdedess; O the obect of study, the scholars maly focused o evaluato of the developed easter rego, ad pad less atteto to the cetral ad wester regos. From the perspectve of put ad output, the paper bulds ecologcal evromet evaluato dex system of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talets, uses set par aalyss model to evaluate regoal scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet ecologcal evromet, obectvely measures regoal scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet ecologcal evromet dfferece. It has postve meag to promote the healthy developmet of talet ad the scetfc ad techologcal ovato. 2. Evaluato dex system 2.1 Idexes desg prcples (1)Strog practcablty: the selected dexes should be cocse ad easy to uderstad, bass o scetfc theory, ad accepted easly by the publc. At the same tme, the establshmet of the dex system should assocate wth evaluato model to facltate applcato. (2) Hgh formato tegrato: the umber of the selected dexes should be smple, but the formato t cotas should be hghly tegrated, ca reflect ecologcal evromet of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talets Cha temporal ad spatal scales. 109

3 (3) Data s easy to obta: the selected dexes of quattatve data should be accessble to esure operablty Evaluato dex system Talet ecologcal evromet s socal system that composed of may complex factors. Accordg to lew's psychology feld theory, o the bass of the master o the cootato of talet ecologcal evromet, the lght of the prcple of comprehesve, scetfc, dyamc, feasblty, t costructs ecologcal evromet evaluato dex system of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talets the wester rego. It cludes three steps: frst, o the bass of relevat lterature o scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet ecologcal evromet evaluato research, choose the relevat fluece factors; secod, vte te experts o talet, make three rouds of cosultato wth Delph method, ad get 18 mpact factors fally, set these factors as three-level dex, the classfed as four dmesos ad be desged as secodary dexes; thrd, aga cosult wth te experts ad adust the evaluato dex. So wth the completo of three steps, t costructs evaluato dex system of ecologcal evromet of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talets, whch cludes 4 secodary dexes, 18 tertary quattatve dcators. Table 1 Ecologcal evromet evaluato dex system of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet ad weghts Grade 1 Grade 2 Weghts Grade 3 dcators Code Weghts dcators dcators Ecologcal Ecoomc Per capta GDP (Yua) X evromet developmet GDP growth rate (%) X of Scetfc Average wage o-the-ob X ad techologcal ovato worker (RMB oe hudred mllo) Urba per capta dsposable X talets evaluato Socal securty come/ Yua Health care expedture($oe X dex system hudred mllo) Socal securty ad X employmet expedture (oe hudred mllo Yua) Evrometal protecto X

4 Scece ad educato ad talet Scetfc ad techologcal ovato ad etrepreeurshp expedture ($oe hudred mllo) Number of days above X secodary maor ctes (days) Gree coverage rate bult up area (%) X Spedg o scece ad X techology (oe hudred mllo Yua) Educato expedture ($oe X hudred mllo) Number of sttutos of X hgher learg (a) Average umber of studets X hgher educato sttutos of per thousad populato (people) Number of Research ad X developmet sttutos(a) Number of researchers X (people) R&D proect umbers(tem) X Effectve umber of X veto patets(tem) Number of ew product developmet (tem) X Research methods 3. 1 Set par aalyss evaluato method Based o curret research, the paper establshed set par aalyss statc evaluato model. (1) Buld evaluato matrx Assume that E 1 2 obects to be evaluated costtute the set = e, e,..., e the th. Every obect to be evaluated has m 1 2 m evaluato dces F f, f,..., f refers to the m th dex. The value of the evaluato dex s recorded as d ad e s, ad f m ( =1,2,, ; 111

5 =1,2,, m ). The le wth set par aalyss method, a mult-target evaluato matrx Q s got: d d... d d d... d Q d d... d m1 m2 m (1) Based o matrx U [ d evaluato set , ] T u, du, du Q, the evaluato dces are compared ad chose to decde the optmal made up of optmal evaluato dces all evaluato V =[ d plas. I a smlar way, the worst evaluato set s obtaed as v1, d 2,..., ] T v dv the evaluato dex value rakg whch s the optmal oe durg value rakg durg v p, u p c pk v p c pk, u p U [ d the optmal evaluato set , ] T u, du, du, the matrx Q, whle V =[ d the worst evaluato set v1, d 2,..., ] T v dv the matrx By comparg the evaluato dex value Q. U [ d the optmal set , ] T u, du, du, the smlar degree matrx U, V wthout weghts ca be got: d v. d u s s the evaluato dex, whch s the worst oe wp d ad the correspodg dex value u A of obects ad the set a11 a12... a1 a21 a22... a 2 A a a... a m1 m2 m (2) By comparg the evaluato dex value wp d ad the correspodg dex value v V =[ d the worst set v1, d 2,..., ] T v dv, the opposte degree matrx A of obects ad the set U, V wthout weghts ca be got: b11 b12... b1 b21 b22... b 2 B b b... b m1 m2 m (3) 112

6 I the matrx A ad B, degree of the obect evaluated a c pk uv p p d ( u v ) pk p p d pk pk up vp b, wth f m ad the set U, V. as the smlar degree ad the opposte If d mposes postve fluece o the evaluato result, d a du dv dudv b d ( du dv ) (4) If a b d mposes egatve fluece o the evaluato result, dudv d ( d d ) u v d du dv (5) (2) Buldg the evaluato model W ( w Combed weghts of all evaluato dces 1, w2,..., w m ) ad the smlar degree matrx A, the weghted smlar degree matrx obtaed as follows: A w of the obects ad the set a11 a a 1 a21 a a 2 Aw W A ( w1 w 2... wm ) ( a,, 1a... 2, a) am1 am2... am (6), ca be U V Smlarly, the weghted opposte degree matrx obtaed as follows: 113 B of the obects ad the set U, V b11 b12... b1 b21 b22... b 2 Bw W B ( w1 w2... wm ) ( b1,, b2..., b ) bm1 bm 2... bm (7) w ca be

7 a the formula (6) s the smlar degree of the th obect ad the set U, V ad b the U, V formula (7) the opposte degree of the th obect ad the set. (3) Calculatg the relatve closeess degree The relatve closeess degree U [ d, d,..., d ] T u1 u2 u r a a b r s calculated as: The the relatve closeess degree matrx got: R ( r1,,, r2... r m ) r, evaluato set U d d d of the th obect ad the optmal evaluato set R (8) of the obects evaluated ca be refers to the closeess degree of the obect evaluated ad the optmal... T u1 u2 u r, whch meas the bgger the optmal pla. I ths way, the pla raks hgher amog all plas evaluated. s, the closer the obect s to (4) I mult-layer comprehesve evaluato, stepwse computato by layer ca be adopted. Namely, the tal model s used to multple layers, ad every layer uses the evaluato result of the ext layer tll that of the hghest layer. Fally, based o all ths, the comprehesve evaluato ca be made. 3.2 Determe evaluato dex weght The etropy evaluato method s to assess the practcal value le wth the formato loaded by the evaluato dex to esure the credblty of the evaluato result. Thus, ths paper used etropy method to evaluate dex weghtg. Iformato etropy ca be used to descrbe the degree of dsorder of the system ad to quattatvely udge the drecto of evoluto of the urba ecosystem. Whe dcators have bee evaluated m years, let be ca be derved thus: E be the formato etropy of evaluato dcator, the t ca E q q 1/ l( m) l( ) ( =1, 2,, ; =1, 2,, m ) (9) q q 1 I Formula (9), q s the stadardzed value of tal data of the evaluato dcators, q refers to the sum of stadardzed value of evaluato dcators year, ad t s fxed that whe q q =0, q q l( ) q q =0. Accordg to the theory of etropy weght, after the formato 114

8 etropy E of evaluato dcator s fgured out, the etropy weght of dcators ca be defed as: Q (1 E ) /( E ) ( =1, 2,, 1 ) (10) I Formula (10), Q s the etropy weght of evaluato dcator, E refers to the formato etropy of evaluato dcator, s the umber of evaluato dcators. It s also settled that 1 Q 1, Q [0, 1]. Based o the theory of formato, etropy weght presets a evaluato dcator represets how much useful formato a dcator ca provde. Thus, the evaluato dcator system of urba ecosystem sustaable developmet, the bgger etropy weght of a evaluato dcator s, the more useful formato t offers, other words, t has more effects o the evaluato system. After calculatg the etropy weght of all the evaluato dcators, the urba ecosystem sustaable developmet capacty G I Formula (11), m G Q X ( =1, 2,, year ca be derved: ; =1, 2,, m Q s the etropy weght of evaluato dcator, of the evaluato dcators. The larger G X ) (11) s the stadardzed value s, the safer the urba ecosystem s ad the stroger the urba sustaable developmet capacty s. Otherwse, the urba sustaable developmet capacty s weak ad may lmt the developmet of the cty the future. I ths codto, more atteto should be pad to protectg the evromet durg the process of socoecoomc developmet. 3.3 Data Sources ad processg method All the data used the research s from Statstcal yearbook of Cha betwee 2006 ad The method of stadardzg data ths paper s show as follows: X X / X ( =1, 2,, ; =1, 2,, m I Formula (12), X s the stadardzed value of evaluato dcators, evaluato dcators. ) (12) X s the tal data of 4. Evaluato results ad aalyss By usg etropy value method to calculate the weght of each evaluato dex (see chart 1), the adoptg set par aalyss method, ad combed wth the orgal data of Chese statstcal yearbook (2015) ad Chese evrometal bullet (2015), t ca obta evaluato results o 115

9 Chese regoal ecoomc developmet, socal securty, scece ad educato ad talet, scetfc ad techologcal ovato ad etrepreeurshp 2014, The results are show table 2. Table 2 Evaluato results of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet o ecologcal evromet system Ecoomc developmet Socal securty Scece ad educato ad talet Scetfc ad techologcal ovato ad etrepreeurshp East Cetral West Table 2 shows that the easter rego has the hghest value, ad tur s the cetral ad wester regos. Ths s maly attrbuted to faster ecoomc developmet of easter rego, good overall ecoomc foudato, better basc evromet ad socal securty measures, ad favourable captal base of most compaes, developed scece ad educato level relatvely. Because of ts geographcal locato, ecoomc developmet, hstory ad so o the cetral ad wester regos, t caused that the ecologcal evromet of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet s ot perfect. After obtag evaluato results 2014, o ths bass, apply set par aalyss method aga, we ca get the whole ecologcal evromet comprehesve evaluato value of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet, as show fgure 1. Fgure 1 Comprehesve evaluato values of regoal scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet o ecologcal evromet 116

10 From fgure 1, t ca be foud that the comprehesve evaluato value of easter part s bggest, that s, 0.616; the value the wester rego s smallest, 0.483, ad the gap betwee the easter ad wester rego s larger; the cetral rego raks secod ad ts comprehesve evaluato value s Combed wth table 1, wth further studes t has fouded that socal securty ad scetfc ad techologcal ovato ad etrepreeurshp are the ma factors of regoal ecologcal evromet of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet. I order to mprove ecologcal evromet qualty ad scetfc ad techologcal ovato ablty the cetral ad wester regos tegrally, therefore, t eed cotue to provde ovatve talets wth all kds of feasble socal securty measures, ad mprove the ecologcal evromet ad gve cosderable support o the fud ad polcy. 5. Coclusos Based o the comprehesve evaluato dex system of ecologcal evromet o scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet, the paper uses set par aalyss ad etropy value method to aalyze Chese scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet ecologcal evromet comprehesvely The study shows that:(1) Ecoomc developmet, socal securty, scece ad educato ad talet, scetfc ad techologcal ovato etrepreeurshp evaluato results show that the easter rego > cetral rego > wester rego; (2)I the ecologcal evromet comprehesve evaluato of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talets, easter rego > cetral rego > wester rego; (3)wth further studes t has fouded that socal securty ad scetfc ad techologcal ovato ad etrepreeurshp are the ma factors of regoal ecologcal evromet of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet. 6. Dscusso The combato of set par aalyss method ad the etropy weghts ca effectvely compesate for the defceces evaluato o ecologcal evromet of scetfc ad techologcal ovato talets. I ths paper, the creatve dfferetated treatmet of orgal data effectvely guarateed the scece ad ratoalty of the research coclusos. However, these approaches have avoded the eed for a referece stadard of the dcators. Ths aspect should be mproved by further research. 117

11 Refereces: 1. Xu Yafeg, Du Hegbo, Su Yufeg, 2013, Evaluato o talet ecologcal evromet compettveess blue ecoomc zoe of Shadog pesula. Scece ad maagemet, o.6, pp Lu Rubo, Ba Zhqag, 2014, Talet socal ecologcal evromet evaluato system of scece ad techologcal research. Cha populato resources ad evromet, o.7, pp Zhog Jagshu, 2014, Costructo ad measure o talets evaluato dex system of ecologcal evromet. Productvty research, o.3, pp Hao Jle, Ha Jg, 2015, Wester scetfc ad techologcal ovato talet ecologcal evromet evaluato research. Joural of X 'a uversty of electroc scece ad techology (socal scece edto), o.2, pp Zhou Fagtao, 2013, Evaluato o regoal scetfc ad techologcal etrepreeural talet ecosystem assessmet based o AHP-DEA method. Joural of maagemet egeerg, o.1, pp L Xyua, Zha Ygyg, 2006, Talet ecologcal evromet evaluato system ad ts optmzato. Scetfc ad techologcal progress ad coutermeasures, o.3, pp Rua M, 2011, Ecologcal evromet evaluato system of Huma resources maagemet, Ecologcal ecoomy, o.8, pp