A Fast Environmental Pollution Emergency Plan Generation System Integrating Various Methods

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1 Research Joural of ppled Sceces, Egeerg ad Techology 5(0): , 203 ISSN: ; e-issn: Maxwell Scetfc Orgazato, 203 Submtted: ugust 7, 202 ccepted: September 3, 202 Publshed: March 25, 203 Fast Evrometal Polluto Emergecy Pla Geerato System Itegratg Varous Methods Lfeg Yag ad Zmg Kou Tayua Uversty of Techology, Tayua , Cha bstract: Itegratg methods ad techques of CBR, RBR, R-HP ad GIS etc.,ths study desged ad developed a fast evrometal polluto emergecy pla geerato system. The study aalyzes the workg prcple ad process that geerate emergecy pla combg CBR ad RBR. I CBR system, R-HP s used to costruct the case dex system of evrometal polluto emergeces ad calculate the weght of dex; smlarty betwee cases s measured by earest-eghbour algorthm. Rule-based reasog s performed accordace wth the rules the kowledge base ad GIS s used to acheve the vsual expresso of the dyamc emergecy pla. Itegrato of varous methods optmzes the respose tme ad complexty of system, also ehaces the practcal operablty. Ths study has great sgfcace researchg of evrometal emergecy maagemet ad mprovg emergecy respose capablty. Keywords: CBR, evrometal polluto, emergecy pla, GIS, RBR, R-HP INTRODUCTION I recet years, wth the rapd developmet of Chese soco-ecoomc, evrometal polluto cdets occur frequetly, whch have brought great harm ad loss to the ecologcal evromet, huma health, soco-ecoomc. Compared wth the geeral polluto cdets, evrometal polluto emergeces hold characters as short reacto tme, low level of formato, hgher cotrol costs. fter the outbreak, respods eed to de doe at the frst tme, effectve coutermeasures should bee take to prevet the further expaso of the evet. t preset, Cha's evrometal polluto emergecy respose system s stll the tal applcato stage ad emergecy pla almost exsts as statc text or smple maagemet formato system (Chag et al., 997). Such emergecy pla lacks of adaptablty, operablty ad tmeless the emergecy respose process. Therefore, research of fast emergecy pla geerato techque wth the support of kowledge has mportat ecoomc value ad socal sgfcace. The tradtoal method s usg the expert system (Rule-Based Reasog, RBR) to geerate the decso method. However, ths approach s ofte slow ad t s also hard to geerate the reasog rules sometmes (Zhag ad Lu, 2002). CBR (Case-based Reasog) has broke through the bottleeck for kowledge acqusto. It s a reasog mode for solvg the curret problem based o the experece got from the solvg of smlar problems the past. CBR s partcularly applcable to the areas whch a quck decso-makg s eeded but the mechasm s ot etrely clear, or the stuato s too complex to establsh a rule model (Qu ad Hao, 2004). However, due to the lack of deductve ablty, the sgle CBR reasog s the lack of systematc. I ths study, the RBR ad CBR are combed, supplemeted by R-HP (Reformed- alytc Herarchy Process) ad wth the expresso techology based o GIS (Geographc Iformato System) for the dyamc pla. 3BSTUDIES OF VRIOUS METHODS The workg prcple ad the process of the system: Whe a ew emergecy evet happes, the case base of CBR system s frst retreved to fd the smlar solutos (Koloder, 992). If there s a sutable case, t ca be appled drectly or slghtly modfed as a emergecy pla. Oly whe the soluto cases caot be obtaed from the case base or the case solutos are ot satsfactory, the RBR system s used to reaso for a soluto by users ad the the reasog result s stored the case base for future use after evaluatg of mplemetato results (Jewe et al., 2007). The works ad the process of the system are show Fg.. Wth RBR system, users ca smulate all kds of evets advace ad geerates the approprate plas, or the process to solve the cdet, record the results of reasog. ccdet report the system ca be used to keep records of the cdet hadlg progress. The accdet report ad the case base have the same orgazatoal structure. Therefore, the valuable Correspodg uthor: Lfeg Yag, Tayua Uversty of Techology, Tayua , Cha 2897

2 Res. J. ppl. Sc. Eg. Techol., 5(0): , 203 Table : Idex system ad weght calculato Sub-layer Sub-layer dex Idex weght ttrbute type Cotamat Name Character Qualty Number Evet characters tcs Type Character Durato Number Deaths Number Ijures Number Locato Source Character Compay Character the HP ad adds the optmal trasfer matrx, thereby makes the calculato of the weghts s more objectve. Through the aalyss of the emergecy alarm formato, the system costructs the dex system of ar polluto evets, as show Table. Fg. : The workg prcple ad the process Weght s calculated as follows: accdet report ca be as a vald case to add to the case base after the ed of the emergecy. Because cdet formato s complete, the case dex system the CBR system s costructed solely based o the ecessary alarm formato. R- HP s used to represet the case dex system ad to calculate the dex weght. The earest-eghbor algorthm s used to measure the smlarty of the cases. CBR system has a self-optmzg fucto. Therefore, the effcecy ad accuracy of the system wll also be greatly mproved wth the crease of emergecy plas case base. Due to the combato of RBR, CBR, HP ad GIS, the system has the followg advatages. Frstly, t mproves the performace ad solves the kowledge acqusto bottleeck of tradtoal RBR system. Secodly, t also solves the automatc acqusto of the tal case CBR system. Fally, dyamc results of the emergecy pla are plotted o the map of GIS, such as the atmospherc pollutat dffused rego, affected sesg receptors, evacuato routes of receptor ad the optmal route of the emergecy rescue, etc. ll of these provde strog support to deal wth evrometal polluto emergeces. t preset, the system has bee used a cty emergecy platform. The effect of mplemetato shows that t has obvous advatages performace ad operablty. Step : Calculatg sub-layer weght wth 0,, 2 scale method. Frst, some matrxes ca be costructed the order of comparso matrx j, judgmet matrx B j, trasfer matrx C j, optmal trasfer matrx D j ad quas-optmal cosstet matrx B j. The the egevectors of B j are solved ad ormalzato. Fally, the weght of three sub-layers ca be calculated, as show Table. Each matrx s calculated as follows Eq. (-5): Comparso matrx j : = 2 Kowledge represetato of the case base CBR where, r system: The system uses R-HP to costruct case s sortg dex for the degree of mportace, dex system ad calculate dex weght. The prcple of HP cludes of aalyzg of the ma elemets of r the target, groupg the elemets for establshg the = j, rmax = max{ r }, j= herarchy, determg the relatve mportace of the sub-layers ad the varous elemets the herarchy, establshmet of judgmet matrx ad gettg the fal rm = m{ r }, k m = r max rm weght of the elemet (Sughoo et al., 2007). R-HP ameds cosstet judgmet matrx, whch s proe to Trasfer matrx C j : where, j = ad Jugemet matrx B j : B r r r r rmax r 2 s more mportat tha j j are equally mportat js more mportat tha ( k ) ( k ) +, r +, r () m (2) max m j = m m

3 C (, j =,2, ) Res. J. ppl. Sc. Eg. Techol., 5(0): , 203 = lg B, (3) j j, Optmal trasfer matrx D j : Dj = (4) ( Ck C jk ) k= Quas-optmal cosstet matrx B j : ' j D j B = 0 (5) Step 2: Calculatg sub-layer dex weght respectvely. Method of calculato s the same way as the step. The value of weght s show Table. Step 3: Sub-layer dex weght multply by a sub-layer weght ad fally the dex weght s show Table. Case retreval CBR system: The earest-eghbor algorthm s used to measure the smlarty of the cases (López De Mátaras et al., 2005). The type of case dex s show Table. Step : calculatg the smlarty betwee dexes. Defg X s a source case case base,t s target case, the the smlarty betwee X ad T whch are two values of the dex s expressed as: sm ( X, T ), X = T,character = 0, X T,character X T, umber max m (6) where, max s the maxmum value of all the dex values of the dex ad m s the mmum value of all the property values of the dex. Step 2: Calculatg the smlarty betwee cases. The smlarty betwee the cases s expressed as: Sm ( X T ) =, ω sm( X, T ) (7) = where, s the total umber of case dex, ω s the value of the dex weght. The key techologes of the RBR system: Usually, RBR system cossts of two parts: the kowledge base ad ferece ege. ccordg to the rules the kowledge base ad the put parameters from the users, ferece ege executes query, matchg, effcecy of the system calculato, reasog ad fally deduced the emergecy pla. O the oe had, ths pla s as the decso-makg of the evet; o the other had, t s stored case base. Oce a smlar stuato occurs, the pla ca be drectly retreved from the case base wthout reasog RBR aga. Reasog process of the ferece ege of the system s as follows: Step : Geeratg reasog codtos RC accordg to the evet. RC s expressed as RC = (RC RC 2 RC 3 RC ) ad t s used to match wth the prerequste of the rules reasog. Step 2: Selectg RC. Step 3: Matchg rules kowledge case utl RC be to obta. Step 4: Implemetg rules coclusos ad storg the results. Step 5: Repeat the secod step to the fourth step utl RC. Step 6: Output the results of all the rules of reasog. The results of the system are gve the way of text ad GIS. IMPLEMENTTION SYSTEM ND DISCUSSION rchtecture, desg ad developmet of the system are based o the techcal specfcatos such as SO (Servce Oreted rchtecture) ad Web Servces. The structure of the system s B/S ad programmg laguage s JV. The clet s developed by JSP ad JX, whch supports the remote asychroous calls ad the server s developed by the Servlet ad Hberate. I addto, WEB GIS s used as a applcato support, to acheve a dyamc pla (X et al., 2008). For example, a atmospherc polluto emergecy was caused by chlore leakage ad the fast geerato process of the emergecy pla s show Fg. 2, 3, 4 ad 5. Pla geerato speed of ths system depeds largely o the sze of the case base. If oly a small umber of cases the case base, we ofte caot get the case wth hgh smlarty as a pla, so, we have to use the RBR method as a pla geerato tool. Wth the accumulato of cases case base, the success rate of the CBR method crease ad the average tme of the pla s geerato be reduced accordgly. However, wth the growg umber of cases case lbrary, case retreval tme s gettg loger ad the respose tme of the system also grows. Therefore, the case base mateace s a mportat factor to affect the

4 Res. J. ppl. Sc. Eg. Techol., 5(0): , 203 Fg. 2: Results of case retreval CBR Fg. 3: Iput of reasog RBR Fg. 4: Dsplay of dyamc pla 2900

5 Res. J. ppl. Sc. Eg. Techol., 5(0): , 203 Fg. 5: Example of accdet report or case CONCLUSION It s very mportat to geerate respose pla the shortest possble tme to deal wth the emergeces, whch wll greatly reduce the loss of lves ad property. Ths study descrbes the desg ad mplemetato of a fast evrometal polluto emergecy pla geerato system from theoretcal ad egeerg aspects, whch tegrates a varety of methods of RBR, CBR, R-HP, GIS etc. t. O the theoretcal sde, the system uses the alarm formato as the retreval codtos of plas, so t ca reduce the complexty of CBR system ad applcato. Ths system uses a R-HP method to costruct the case dex system ad the weght. The pla matchg s realzed wth the weghted smlarty retreval method. O the egeerg sde, we costruct a fast evrometal polluto emergecy pla geerato system. Ths system combes the RBR system ad the CBR system. GIS techology s used to do the vsualzato of the cotets of the pla. d ow the system has bee appled to a cty emergecy platform. The effect of mplemetato shows that t has obvous advatages performace ad operablty. CKNOWLEDGMENT Ths study was supported by the Natoal Hgh Techology Research ad Developmet Program of Cha ( ). REFERENCES Chag, N.B., Y.L. We, C.C. Tseg ad C.Y.J. Kao, 997. The desg of a GIS-based decso support system for chemcal emergecy preparedess ad respose a urba evromet. Comp. Ev. Urba Syst., 2(): Jewe, L., Z. Sh, Q. He ad Z. Sh, quck emergecy respose pla geerato system combg CBR ad RBR. J. Comp. Res. Dev., 4: Koloder, J.L., 992. troducto to case based reasog. rtf. Itell. Rev., 6(): López De Mátaras, R., D.M.G. McSherry, D. Brdge, D. Leake, B. Smyth, et al., Retreval, reuse, revso ad reteto case-based reasog. Kowl. Eg. Rev., 20(03): Qu, M. ad H. Hao, Desg ad mplemetato of real-tme expert system combg CBR ad RBR. Comput. Eg., 30(8): Sughoo,., K. Gwaghee ad K. Kyug-I, case-based reasog cost estmatg model usg experece by aalytc herarchy process. Buld. Ev., 42: X, Y., Z. We ad L. Gog, Emergecy preparedess ad respose system of evrometal polluto accdet based o GIS. Comp. ppl., 28: Zhag, J. ad Z. Lu, Case-based reasog ad rule-based reasog for emergecy preparedess formato system. J. Toga Uerst, 30(7):