Beam Stability at Synchrotron Light Sources
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1 Beam Stability at Synchrotron Light Sources DIPAC 2005
2 Outline Review of Synchrotron Light Sources Beam Stability Requirements Source Identification and Suppression Monitoring Feedforward Feedback Systems
3 American Light Sources* Advanced Light Source (ALS), USA Advanced Photon Source (APS), USA Center for Advanced Microstructures & Devices (CAMD), USA Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), USA Canadian Light Source (CLS), Canada Duke Free Electron Laser Laboratory (DFELL), USA Jefferson Lab (JLab), USA Laboratorio Nacional de Luz Sincrotron (LNLS), Brazil National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), USA Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC), USA Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), USA Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF-II / SURF-III), USA W. M. Keck Vanderbilt Free-electron Laser Center (VU FEL), USA *
4 European Light Sources ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Spain Angstromquelle Karlsruhe (ANKA), Germany Berliner Elektronenspeicherring- Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Germany DAΦNE Light, Italy Dubna ELectron SYnchrotron (DELSY), Russian Federation Dortmund Electron Test Accelerator (DELTA), Germany Diamond, UK Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Italy ELSA, Germany European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), France Free Electron Laser for Infrared experiments (FELIX), The Netherlands Swiss Light Source (SLS), Switzerland SOLEIL, France Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor (HASYLAB) at DESY, Germany Institute for Storage Ring Facilities (ISA), Denmark ISI Institute of Metal Physics, Ukraine Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Ukraine Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source (KSRS), Russian Federation Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du Rayonnement Electromagnetique (LURE), France MAX-lab, Sweden Swiss Light Source (SLS), Switzerland Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS), UK TNK - F.V Lukin Institute, Russian Federation
5 Asia / Australia Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF), P.R. China CANDLE, Armenia Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center (HSRC), Japan INDUS 1/INDUS 2, India Medical Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Japan Nano-Hana, Japan National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), P.R. China National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Taiwan Nagoya University Small Synchrotron Radiation Facility (NSSR), Japan Nuclear Science Research Facility (KSR), Japan Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Korea Photon Factory (PF), Japan Ritsumeikan University (Rits) Synchrotron Radiation Center, Japan Saga Light Source (SAGA-LS), Japan SESAME, Jordan Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, (SSRF) P.R. China Siam Photon Laboratory (SPL), Thailand SPring-8, Japan Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), Singapore Siberian Synchrotron Research Center (SSRC), Russian Federation SuperSOR Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SuperSOR), Japan Tohoku Synchrotron Radiation Facility (TSRF), Japan Ultraviolet Synchrotron Orbital Radiation Facility (UVSOR), Japan Australian Synchrotron (AS)
6 Operational 3rd Generation Light Source* Parameters Energy (GeV) Horizontal Emittance (nm-rad) Vertical Emittance (pm-rad) σ x (μm) σ y (μm) Top-up SPring yes APS yes ESRF studied SPEAR / / / / 31 planned CLS planned Pohang LS 2.0 / / / / / 27 no SLS yes ELETTRA 2 / / 9.7 < 70 / / / 16 planned ALS 1.5 / / / / / 23 planned BESSY-II / / 17 planned * ε < 20 nm-rad
7 Light Sources Under Construction Energy (GeV) Horizontal Emittance (nm-rad) Vertical Emittance (pm-rad) σ x (μm) σ y (μm) Top-up PETRA III planned SSRF (Shanghai) Diamond / / 16 planned Soleil planned Australian Synchrotron σ x (μm) σ x (μrad) LCLS na XFEL na
8 Proposed New Light Sources Energy (GeV) Horizontal Emittance (nm-rad) TPS (Taiwan) NSLS ALBA 3 4 (Barcelona) Candle (Armenia) SESAME (Jordan) SuperSOR MAX IV 1.5, , 1.1 MAX III
9 New APS AC Beam Stability Specification Original Stability Specification (c. 1993) Equivalent to 5% of Design Particle Beam Dimensions*: Vertical: Horizontal: 4.4 microns / 0.45 microradians rms 16 microns / 1.2 microradians rms Translating this 5% requirement to the present low-emittance / low coupling lattice results in**: Vertical: 0.42 microns / 0.22*** microradians rms <---- Horizontal: 3.0 microns / 0.53 microradians rms This specification gives the allowable rms beam motion of the source point in the frequency band to 200 Hz. (Note: The frequency band has typically never been explicitly stated in the past.) * Y.C. Chae, G. Decker, APS Insertion Device Field Quality and Multipole Error Specification, PAC 95 ** *** Includes photon angular divergence contribution, 7th harmonic, APS Undulator A
10 Systematic Effects Impacting Orbit Stability Extrinsic systematic effects (noise sources) Mechanical vibrations* Magnet power supply noise / ripple Stray fields Thermal effects (Air / water temperature, beam heating) Insertion device parameter changes* Earth tides / Earthquakes / Ground Settlement RF system stability / Fast beam instabilities RF BPM systematic effects Timing / trigger stability Intensity dependence Bunch pattern dependence Microwave chamber modes Electronics thermal drift Digitizer resolution Photon BPM systematic effects Stray radiation striking photon blade pickups* Photon bpm blade misalignment Electronics thermal drift Insertion device gap-dependent effects (position gain / offset)
11 Girder Design Soleil Diamond Courtesy R.P. Walker, Diamond, A. Nadji, Soleil
12 Courtesy A. Nadji, Soleil
13 Girder Motion Sensing Instrumentation Mover Girder body Hydrostatic Leveling System (HLS) Horizontal Position System HLS Sensor Top-up eliminates beaminduced component motion Courtesy V. Schlott, S Zelenika etal., SLS
14 RF Beam Position Monitor Mechanical Assemblies SPEAR-3 Copper Vacuum Chamber Including Cu-Nickel Inserts for Fast Steering Correction -Courtesy R. Hettel, SSRL e - Machined 7.5 mm Aperture, L=5m Aluminum Insertion Device Vacuum Chamber (APS 2002) E. Trakhtenberg, APS
15 Beam Position Monitor Monitors BPM BPM Support Contact-free Capacitive Sensor Carbon fibre Reference Pillar Courtesy Steve York / Nigel Hammond Diamond D. Bulfone, Elettra
16 Digital Receiver RF Beam Position Monitor Implementation Courtesy C. Kuo, NSRRC
17 LCLS X-Band Cavity BPM Prototype 10 nm resolution 100 nm long term stability Courtesy R. Lill APS SLAC concept: Zenghai Li, S. Smith, R. Johnson
18 Photoemission-Based Beam Position Monitors BESSY II K. Holldack APS O. Singh z= 16.3 meters 20 meters
19 Photon Beam Position Monitor Stray Radiation Background Courtesy ESRF / R. Hettel
20 Re-direction of Stray Photons by Girder Realignment* Stray radiation from upstream dipole, quadrupoles, sextupoles and correctors ID photons Insertion Device 16m 20m 77 mrad 1 mrad * G. Decker, O. Singh, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 2, (1999) Stray radiation from downstream dipole, quadrupoles, sextupoles and correctors
21 Background Radiation after Lattice Modification Dipole stray radiation Upstream Downstream 12 mm Vert. Gap = 21 mm 17 mm 12 mm (Horz.) (Courtesy of D. Shu, APS)
22 Plots showing < 200 nanoradian rms vertical beam stability over a 5 day period Colors indicate data for individual days P1 Position (microns) 11 meters APS 8-BM P2 Position (microns) 18 meters P2 Position (microns) σ P2 = 0.87 microns σ P1 = 0.65 microns Angle (microradians) σ y = 183 nanoradians σ y = 0.43 microns P1 Position (microns) Average Position (microns) gd
23 Feedforward Compensation of Variable-Polarization Insertion Device (APPLE II) Raw Data Static Feedforward Static + Dynamic Background H. Tanaka, SPring-8 Shigemi Sasaki APS
24 E. Plouviez, ESRF
25 Hz Closed Loop BW 4 khz Sample Rate E. Plouviez, ESRF
26 AC Pointing Stability (APS ID s) Power Spectral Density Sqrt[Integ[PSD]] Sqrt[ReverseInteg[PSD]] Horz. μrad 2 /Hz μrad rms with Feedback μrad rms without Feedback Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Vert. μrad 2 /Hz μrad rms 220 nrad spec. μrad rms Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)
27 What s Missing? First and Second Generation Facilities - ANKA, HASYLAB, KEK-PF, MAX-lab, NSLS, NSRL, NSRRC, SRS, Super-ACO and many others Power supply resolution / BW RF frequency / ring circumference feedback RF phase stability / timing Multibunch feedback Harmonic cavities / bunch length Beam size stabilization (Δσ/σ < 1e-3) Feedback downstream of the monochromator ERL s, FEL s etc. etc.
28 Conclusions Light sources are at a very mature level. Sub-micron beam stability for new sources is expected, and achieved. 100 nanoradian pointing stability requirements are on the horizon. The technology is available, and improving.
29
30 Energy (GeV) Horizontal Emittance (nm-rad) Vertical Emittance (pm-rad) σ x (μm) σ y (μm) Top-up PF-AR NSLS X-ray no KEK-PF ANKA NSRRC (Taiwan) planned NSRL (Hefei) Operational 2nd Generation Light Sources , 27 planned NSLS VUV > no SSLS (Singapore) Super ACO / E3/ 18E3 165 / / 387 -
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