Shields-1, A SmallSat Radiation Shielding Technology Demonstration
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1 Shields-1, A SmallSat Radiation Shielding Technology Demonstration D. Laurence Thomsen III NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, 6A West Taylor Street, Hampton, VA 23681; , d.l.thomsen@nasa.gov Wousik Kim Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mission Environments Group, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS , Pasadena, CA ; , wousik.kim@jpl.nasa.gov James W. Cutler University of Michigan, Department of Aerospace Engineering 1320 Beal Avenue, 3013 FXB Building, Ann Arbor, MI , , jwcutler@umich.edu
2 Overview Highlights Extends typical CubeSat missions from 3 months to years with an atomic number (Z)-grade vault. Demonstrates a Charge Dissipation Film designed for extreme charging environments. Desired Orbits Acceptable Orbit Ranges Develops and demonstrates a one-piece (Z)-grade radiation protection for electron radiation environments. Altitude (GTO/HEO) ,500 km ,000 km Matures innovative dosimeters. Inclination 0-23 deg 0-90 deg Altitude (Polar LEO) km km Inclination deg deg Reduces technology development schedule and associated costs by collective testing in a relevant space environment.
3 Space Environment: GTO and Polar-LEO SPENVIS: AP8min-AE8 Max Model for GTO and Polar LEO, ELaNa III satellite environment particle fluence. Proton fluence for a year Electron fluence for a year Proton fluence in GTO at energies greater than 30 MeV have approximately a factor of 10 larger fluence than in Polar-LEO. Electron fluence in GTO a factor of 100 higher when compared to Polar-LEO for energies below 5 MeV.
4 Three Experiments Vault Electronics To measure total ionizing dose (TID) over time and monitor system electronics performance. Charge Dissipation Film Resistance To measure the resistance over time. Atomic Number (Z)-Grade Radiation Shielding To measure total ionizing dose of Z-grade radiation shielding and compare to baseline aluminum for at least 3 samples each.
5 Spacecraft Overview with Experiments Excerpt: Shields-1 Brochure, NASA NP LaRC
6 Spacecraft Overview with Experiments Excerpt: Shields-1 Brochure, NASA NP LaRC
7 Spacecraft Overview with Experiments Excerpt: Shields-1 Brochure, NASA NP LaRC
8 Charge Dissipation Film Experiment Charge Dissipation Film Thermal Sensor Positive Electrode Negative Electrode Fiber Circuit board or isolation surface Analog to Digital Convertor Current Source LUNA XP-CD-B Volume Resistivity Specimen Dimensions Expected Resistance 4.7 x 10e 9 ohm cm at 25 C Area 5 cm MOhm Thickness cm Measure Resistance of a known thickness and area charge dissipation Film, using an approach in ASTM , Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials.
9 Radiation Shielding Experiment Infinite slab, geometry approximation >95% incident radiation through shielding sample Large sample field of views, thick backing
10 Aluminum (Al) Incidence Angle Dependence on Total Ionizing Dose (TID) SPENVIS: Shieldose-2 from AP8min-AP8Max Model Al half-sphere results with trigonometric determined incident angle dependencies of areal density in a slab geometry for GTO. Incident angle dependence used to determine shielding FOV slab diameters. In order to receive greater than 95% of the proton radiation through a shielding slab the incident angles need to be at least 75 degrees. No electrons contribute to dose from incident angles greater than 70 degrees.
11 Expected Dose Results for Various Shielding Areal Densities in GTO SPENVIS: Ionizing dose from AP8min-AP8Max Model for GTO using MULASSIS with propagated integration error from the dosimeter as a function of areal density. Proton Dose Electron Dose Aluminum/ Tantalum Z-Grade Shielding Samples (Al_Ta) Baseline: Aluminum (Al) and Tantalum (Ta)
12 Conclusion Addition of Z-Grade Shielding into CubeSat missions offer reduction of TID on sensitive electronics. Lifetimes of TID sensitive electronic devices are increased. Internal charging effects are greatly reduced. Shields-1 technology development of the Z-grade radiation shielding and charge dissipation film enable future missions with the acquired space heritage.
13 Acknowledgements R. Bryant (LaRC) M. Cooney, M. Jones, N. Miller B. Seufzer V. Stewart K. Somervill H. Soto S. Thibeault A. Thornton J.M. Lauenstein (GSFC) C. Marshall A. Simon H. Garrett (JPL) N Green I. Jun B. Blake (Aerospace Corp.) B. Crain A. Goff (Luna Innovations) S. Princiotto (Teledyne) M. Wrosch (Vanguard Space)
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