2 Position-Binary Technology of Monitoring Defect at Its Origin

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1 Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Monorn Defec a Is Orn Specfc Properes of Perodc Effec Objecs I s nown ha n os cases he specral ehods are used for he experenal analyss of he cyclcal (perodc) processes [ 4] For exaple he objecs of he bac-and-forh oon eupen he objecs of he roan eupen hose of he bolocal processes ec are cyclcal As a rule he snals obaned fro any cyclcal objecs have he coplcaed spasodc leapn for and are accopaned by snfcan nose A presen specral ehods and alorhs are coonly used n he experenal research of such snals [ 37 6] Bu hey are no effecve enouh for hese objecs n soe cases [37] hus n any cases s necessary o use he lare nuber of haronc coponens of he correspondn apludes and freuences for he approprae descrpon of spasodc and leapn snals ha essenally coplcaes he analyss and use of he obaned resuls for solvn he correspondn probles [37 4] ha s why n solvn he proble of onorn he defec orn here s a need for ehods and alorhs allown one o () ncrease he relably of he obaned resuls n coparson wh he specral ehod and () decrease he uany of he specru coponens of he consdered class of he objecs [37 4] Le us consder he dffcules of usn he specral ehod for he analyss of he snals obaned fro he consdered objecs n ore deal I s nown ha when usn he alorhs of hs ehod for descrpon of he perodc snals X () of he bounded specru he perodc snals X () are represened as he su of he haronc coponens by eans of he follown expresson: a X ( ) + n ( a cos n + b sn nω ) n ω () n

2 4 Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Monorn Defec a Is Orn In E () a n b n are he apludes of he snusods and he cosnusods wh he freuency n ω whch are assued o be he nforave ndcaors n solvn he proble of onorn he orn of he defec I s nown ha for provdn he accuracy of he snal resoraon X() he follown neualy s reured: n λ S () where λ are he suares of devaons beween he su of he rh-hand sde of E () and saples of snal X ( ) a he oens of sapln n wh he sapln sep ; S s he perssble value of he ean-roo-suare devaon he spasodc leapn snals provdn E () lead o ncreasn he nuber of haronc coponens and ha correspondnly coplcaes processn he experenal daa In addon when he easured nforaon consss of he su of he useful snal X ( ) and he nose ( ) condon () aes place dependn o a ceran exen on he value of he nose () In he exsn ehods he nfluence of he nose s neleced n E () and he error caused by he nose ( ) s assued o be eual o zero Bu for he any cyclcal processes he nfluence of he nose on he accuracy of he resoraon of he nal snal X ( ) can be consderable and us be aen no accoun If we ae no consderaon ha n he defec orn he specru of he snal connuously chanes he dffcules of usn he echnoloy of he specral analyss n solvn he proble of onorn he defec orn wll be clear ha s why s necessary o creae he new specral echnoloes an no accoun he specfcy of he snals obaned fro he perodc objecs One of he possble varans of hese echnoloes s offered n he nex secon Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Analyzn osy Snals Obaned as Oupus of Sensors of echncal Objecs As saed earler a presen he alorhs of he specral and correlaon analyses are anly used for he analyss of he perodc processes [] Bu her applcaon n solvn he probles of onorn he defec orn does no provde a relable resul a he orn of a defec In hs connecon he prncples and alorhs allown one o deec he defec

3 Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Analyzn osy Snals 5 a s orn are of boh heorecal and praccal neres he avalably of usn he poson-bnary echnoloy for hs purpose s offered ahead In ha case nosy snals are analyzed hrouh he correspondn posonbnary pulse snals (PBIS) In pracce when easurn he snals X ( ) here s he nu value of he ncrease whch can be provded by he used nsruen dependn on s resolvn capacy We wll denoe ha nu value of he ncrease as x So n easurn he snal he nuber of s dscree values s eual o X / x + (3) In he process of he analo-dal converson of he perodc snal X () s aplude uanzaon aes place for each sapln sep e he rane of s possble chanes s dvded no he sapln nervals and he value of he snal belonn o he h sapln nerval s relaed o he cener of he sapln nerval x when he follown neualy aes place: x x / X ( ) x + x / (4) In hs case he values of he bnary codes of he correspondn ds of saples x of snal X ( ) wh sapln sep are deerned on he bass of he follown alorh [ ]: ( ) ( ) for хre( ) x ; ( ) (5) for хre( ) < x ; [ ] ( ) x ( ) ( ) + ( ) + + ( ) xr e( ) + + ( n) where n ( ) > x ( )( ) X ( ) X re n xax n lo n n x Frs accordn o hs alorh a each sep of sapln he s acceped Also accordn o condon as a code or are fored by eraon In hs n X s copared o he value x Accordn eualy xre( n )( ) X ( ) (5) he snals ( ) case n he frs sep ( )

4 6 Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Monorn Defec a Is Orn n o (5) a X ( ) x he value n ( ) n accordn o he dfference X ( ) x xre( n) n reander x re( n) s deerned When X ( ) x ( ) s euaed o un; he value of he he value n s se o zero and he dfference reans consan A he nex eraon he sae aes place As a resul durn he cycle c wh sapln sep he snal X ( ) s decoposed no he snals ( ) havn he value or and whose weh depends on her posons A he sae e he codes do no chane n e when he value of he nal snal X ( ) does he sae a he process of sapln Here and ahead we wll nae hese snals he poson-bnary pulse snals (PBIS) he poson-bnary echnoloy s he seres of he procedures of processn based on he decoposon of he connuous snal by he PBIS Accordn o alorh (5) he wdh of he PBIS s proporonae o uany reans consan Dependn on he for of X ( ) he sae snal ( ) can chane s value several es durn one cycle afer he correspondn e nervals I s clear ha f he condon of he objec s consan he cobnaons of he e nervals of he PBIS a each cycle are consans and hey are repeaed Oherwse hey also chane Le us noe ha here correspond o he nervals when he condon ( ) ( x ) aes place; correspond o he nervals when he condon ( ) ( x ) aes place For exaple le us suppose ha he cycle e of he analyzed snal s eual o 5 croseconds and he sapln sep s eual o crosecond e c 5 cs cs Le us assue ha PBIS 3 ( ) aes he follown saes for one cycle: In hs case he paraeers of snal 3 ( ) are represened as follows: 3; 4; ; ; 4 I eans ha durn he cycle he wdh of un and zero saes of snal 3( ) corresponds o he follown e nervals: 3 cs-; 4 cs-; cs-; cs-; 4 cs- I s obvous ha n each cycle he su of all PBIS s eual o he nal snal X X (6) when ( ) ( ) n( ) n( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Each ( ) assue he seuence of e nervals when ( ) can be consdered as he ndvdual snal because we can are n he un and zero sae o be pulse-wdh snals A he sae e for he cyclc objecs hese PBIS j ( ) are he perodc recanular pulses havn he perod c wh un and zero half-perods correspondnly

5 Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Analyzn osy Snals 7 We us noe ha he represenaon of he cenered snals by PBIS dffers only ha n hs case he nal snal s represened as he su of he posve and he neave PBIS ( ) A he sae e he snals X () and y() are represened as bpolar perodc PBIS and her su s also eual o he nal snal X ( ) A he represenaon of he nal snal X ( ) as he su ( ) a e he dfference beween he real value of he nal snal X () and he su of PBIS s X ( ) X ( ) ( ) an no accoun E (4) we have ( ) ± x / λ λ (7) If we assue ha n forn he snals ( ) he value of he error λ s under he euprobable dsrbuon law [3] we oban ( ) x x Pλ < P λ > (8) where P s he sn of probably hus accordn o (7) and (8) he su of he suares of devaons λ a s close o zero Ineualy () can hen be represened as follows: n ( ) λ x Accordn o hs neualy a he represenaon of he snal X () as he su of PBIS he ean-suare devaon s no reaer han he value x and ha shows he possbly of resoraon of he snal wh hh accuracy For exaple n solvn he probles of onorn f he chane of he objec condon leads o he chane of he correspondn coponens of he snal by a value reaer han x he correspondn paraeers ( ) wll be affeced hus he dfference fro he slar paraeers wll be deeced a he nal sae of he defec orn n he process of forn he paraeers as he cobnaon of he correspondn e nervals of he snals n ( ) n ( ) ( ) of he correspondn cycle hs allows one o for and provde nforaon abou chann he condon of he conrolled objec So he poson-bnary echnoloy opens real opporunes for deecn he defec orn whch usually precedes ajor falures and eerency suaons

6 8 Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Monorn Defec a Is Orn I s obvous ha he poson-bnary echnoloy can also be used for he sochasc objecs In hs case he process of solvn he proble of onorn he defec orn s also realy splfed n coparson wh he specral echnoloes and s adeuacy hus proves I s conneced wh he fac ha he alorhs of he processn ( ) n pracce are realzed ue easly because each poson-rando funcon has only wo values In hs case he analyss of he rando process by he snals of he PBIS s slar o he analyss of he cyclc processes he dfference s ha n hs case he observaon perod of he rando process s seleced accordn o he prncples of he correlaon analyss As follows he averae freuency f and he perod can be deerned for boh perodc and sochasc objecs for each PBIS I s nuvely undersood ha for rando and perodcal nosy snals () he averae value of zero and un half-perods of he poson snals ( ) can be deerned by he follown forula for a suffcenly lon observaon perod: where + γ (9) γ j j γ () γ j Here γ s he nuber of un and zero half-perods of he PBIS for he observaon perod; and j s he nuber of he h poson of he PBIS I was shown [4] ha for a suffcenly lon observaon perod he esaes of he perods of he PBIS becoe nonrando values hus usn he can realy splfy solvn he probles of onorn he defec whch are radonally solved by eans of he esaons of sascal and specral characerscs of he rando processes j 3 Opporunes of Usn Poson-Bnary echnoloy for Monorn echncal Condons of Indusral Objecs As saed earler he descrpon of he rando process can be represened by eans of he correspondn freuency characerscs PBIS by usn he poson-bnary echnoloy of he analyss [] he experens conneced wh he freuency properes of he PBIS show ha hey ve he

7 3 Opporunes of Usn Poson-Bnary echnoloy 9 opporuny o solve he probles of danoscs and onorn and are snfcanly spler han radonal alorhs of he correlaon and he specral analyss [3] In pracce hey are realzed ore easly because each poson-rando funcon has only wo values A he sae e he averae freuency f and he perod deerned by eans of he PBIS are nonrando values Due o he splcy of her deernaon solvn he probles of onorn whch radonally are solved by eans of he esaons of he sascal or he specral characerscs of he rando processes are realy splfed For exaple he snal X () can be represened as he cobnaon of PBIS ( ) n solvn he probles of he danoscs of he echncal condons of he sochasc objecs I s obvous ha chann he condons of he objec leads o chann he cobnaon of her averae freuences f f f If W s he se of all possble falure saes of he objec s easy o solve he proble of danoscs and onorn by eans of he cobnaon or he se of cobnaons of he freuences of he PBIS for each falure sae of he objec I s possble o ve exaples of varous echncal probles ha can be solved be eans of he PBIS For exaple voce verfcaon can be realzed by forn he cobnaons э ( ) э ( ) for each word by eans of ue sple sofware and hardware Le us consder he use of poson-bnary echnoloy for he danoscs of he cyclcally wored objecs on he exaple of he danoscs of he deph-pup eupen of he ol well [45] he snal obaned fro he force sensor of he deph-pup eupen characerzn s echncal condon s represened n F (a) A he noral condon of he eupen he curve s a rapezod [curve F (a)] for he perod C aplude U and consan U For he sae of splcy le us suppose ha U 9V and he uanzaon sep by aplude s x V In hs case lo 9 4 p e 4 bnary ds 3 are reured for sapln he nal snal by he aplude he nal snal s broen down no he seuence of he PBIS n F (b) As he fure shows he freuency of he s and s n posons and he wdh of he un snals and pauses for he ven values x and are correspondnly deerned by he aplude value of he nal snal So for exaple a e 3 e he snal aplude s deerned by he four-d bnary code correspondn o 6 eavols ec

8 3 Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Monorn Defec a Is Orn U MB U U c a b c F (a) he dara of he snal of he force sensor (b) he PBIS for he noral sae of he deph-pup eupen (c) and ha for he falure sae Pluner scn In he ven exaple he duraon of he nal snal s cycle s c 36s for he sep s of sapln by e In hs case for he correspondn posons for exaple for poson he bnary

9 3 Opporunes of Usn Poson-Bnary echnoloy 3 seuence where he frs nuber eans he duraon of he nerval by seconds and he second shows belonn of he nerval o un or zero saes s eneraed for a cycle he slar bnary seuences are eneraed for oher posons Durn he chane of he echncal condon of he deph-pup eupen (for exaple durn he appearance of he Pluner scn -ype falure of a pup [45]) curve [F (a)] becoes slar o curve and as shown n F (b) and (c) he posons and he paraeers of he duraons and pauses of PBIS chane accordn o ha So for exaple he new values : 3 are eneraed a e due o he chane of he for of he nal snal e he bnary code corresponds o he aplude of he nal snal A he sae e he new bnary seuences are eneraed a he correspondn posons In parcular he bnary seuence slar o s eneraed for I s obvous ha oher cobnaons of above-enoned e nervals are receved for oher falures Danosn he echncal sae of dephpup eupen of he ol wells can be perfored by hese cobnaons However despe he obvous advanae of hs echnoloy when solvn he proble of onorn he defec does no allow one o deec he bennn of s orn ha explans he necessy of analyzn he nose as he daa carrer appears ue ofen In urn hs reures deernn he sapln sep on he bass of he hh-freuency specru of he nose ( ) he freuency of nose sapln can be deerned by he freuency of he chane of sae of he lower poson-bnary pulse e by he value of s averae perod and he averae freuency f afer ransforn by he freuency f u and recordn he saples of he [ 58 59] I s obvous ha f we choose he sapln sep based on he specru of he nose wll be suffcenly less han As shown n Secon 5 and accordn o he odel of he snals he specru and he esaes of he correspondn characerscs connuously chane on he oupus of he sensors n he process of he orn and he evoluon of he defec ha suffcenly affecs he accuracy of he receved esaes here s he real opporuny o perfor he chane of he sapln sep n real e and by hs way o ncrease he relably of he obaned resuls due o he splcy of he realzaon of expressons (9) and () analyzed snal ( )

10 3 Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Monorn Defec a Is Orn 4 Poson-Selecve Adapve Sapln of osy Snals Le us consder he opporuny of deernn he sapln sep of he nal snal by an no accoun he value of he ven error by eans of he freuency properes of he PBIS Le us assue ha he analyzed snal s processed by analo-dal converson by he curren freuency f v and by he ceranly sall sapln sep of he uanzaon by e In hs case accordn o he neuales ν << any of hese saples wll be repeaed due o he follown eualy: P [ X ( ) ] P[ X (( + ) ) ] wll also be repeaed for each sep X (( ) ) ( ) hs explans why he values of he bnary codes of he saples X + of uanzaon n he nerval v Due o hs he freuency f of he lower PBIS ( ) whch can be deerned by he follown forula: f () [where ] wll be suffcenly less han he curren freuency of sapln f ν A he sae e he follown neualy connecn he curren freuency f ν and he cuoff freuency f C found by he sapln heore aes place: s he averae value of he perod of he snal ( ) f >> ν f C he value f can be assued o be consan for all realzaons of he sae saonary rando snal or cyclcal snal for presen ADC e f cons hus f we choose he value f ν sasfyn hs condon he value f can be deerned for he analyzed snal In hs case he follown condon aes place beween f and he cuoff freuency f C of he X found by nown ehods: snal ( ) fc f A he sae e an no accoun ha each PBIS s fored by obann wo pulses on he lower d of ADC he prevous condon can be represened as follows:

11 4 Poson-Selecve Adapve Sapln of osy Snals 33 C f f On he bass of hs condon he sapln sep for he useful snal X can be chosen n accordance wh he follown neualy: ( ) In hs case for deernn f s necessary o deerne he averae perod of he pulses of he lower PBIS and he averae freuency of her appearances by eans of he saples of he analyzed snal afer s converson and recordn n eory he freuency f ν by he follown expressons: f + hen he values follown expressons: f () γ can be found n accordance wh he and j γ j γ (3) γ j o ensure he necessary accuracy of he converson s provded s expeden o choose on he bass of he follown condon: (4) ( 5) Experenal research has shown ha n soe cases easurn he e paraeers of he lower ds of he PBIS s dsored by he nfluence of he error hus n cases where he radonal echnoloes of he snal analyss are used he sapln sep can be deerned by he freuency characerscs of he hher PBIS e by he averae values of he duraon of her un and zero half-cycles hey are also deerned by averan ou he e nervals n accordance wh forulas () (3) e f

12 34 Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Monorn Defec a Is Orn γ γ j (5) j + γ j γ j an no accoun ha for he rando saonary snals under he noral dsrbuon law he follown approxae eualy aes place: n s advsable o deerne by eans of he averae perod of he pulses of he hher ds of he PBIS ha allows one o represen he expresson f as follows: f For exaple for he h PBIS he prevous forula can be represened as (6) f For provdn he ven error of he forula of he deernaon (5) and (6) can be represened as follows: (7) ( 5) f (8) ( 5) f I s obvous ha he use of expressons () (4) and (6) (8) allows one o suffcenly splfy he deernaon procedure of he sapln sep Le us consder he use of hese forulas for deernaon by he above exaple Le us assue ha he axu aplude of he rapezod

13 4 Poson-Selecve Adapve Sapln of osy Snals 35 snal s 56 V he cycle e s 36 s he duraon of he orn-up proon s 8 s he duraon of he pea s s he fall e s 8 s he zero value e s s and he 8-dal ADC are used for s converson If we suppose ha he freuency converson of ADC s Hz he sae of he frs d of ADC chanes no ore han 8 es because he aplude of he snal reaches s axu possble value of 56 V for hs e he sae of he second d chanes 64 es Durn he cycle e for 36 s he sae of he frs d chanes 5 es and he sae of he second chanes 56 es I s obvous ha he averae freuency of he frs d s 5:36 4 Hz and he averae freuency of he second d s 56:36 7 Hz If we use he above-enoned forulas for he and for he 5s 5 f 5 4 f h freuency we e 5 s 5 7 f h freuency we e So for convern he enoned snal by eans of he 8-dal ADC s suffcen o realze he converson by seps of s whch corresponds o a sapln freuency of Hz A he sae e he use of he sapln heore ees varous dffcules for he ven snal and he cuoff freuency appears o be ore han Hz he ven exaple shows ha s ue easy o deerne he necessary sapln freuency an no accoun he d capacy of he ADC by sofware processn of he fles fored as he resul of he converson of he nal snal hus here n conras o he radonal ehods he eeorolocal characerscs of he ADC self are also auoacally aen no accoun for deernn he sapln sep So f he 9-dal ACD s used for he converson of he consdered snal he found sapln freuency s eual o he averae freuency of he frs d 4 : Hz and he second 5 : 36 4 Hz A he sae e he sapln sep s eual o 6s 5 f 5 84

14 36 Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Monorn Defec a Is Orn 6s 5 f 5 4 ha corresponds o he eeorolocal characerscs of he ADC whle hs specfc propery of deernn he saples of snal ( ) s no aen no accoun n pracce durn he use of he radonal ehods So he consdered alorh of he poson-selecve choce of he sapln freuency s ue sple A he sae e he eeorolocal properes of he easurn nsruens are also aen no accoun Due o hs propery he sapln sep chosen by hs ehod appears o be close o he sapln sep chosen by eans of he oher os accurae ehods he sofware deernaon of he sapln sep accordn o he above-enoned alorh can be represened as follows: he nal snal X ( ) s convered n dal for by he super- fluous freuency fv durn he observaon perod by eans of ADC and he fle of s saples s eneraed; s deerned by E (5): 3 f s found by E (): + ; f ; 4 s deerned by he forula 5 f I s necessary o perfor he analyss of he nose ( ) snals ( ) of he nosy as he daa carrer when solvn he proble of onorn of he defec s orn For hs case can be deerned on he bass of he follown condon: 5 f

15 5 Poson-Bnary Deecn Defec Orn by Usn ose 37 Here we ae no consderaon ha he freuency of he lower PBIS represens he os hh-freuency specru of he oal snal ( ) an no accoun ha accordn o he odel (3) he hhfreuency specru of he oal snal ( ) connuously chanes n he process of he evoluon of he defec s advsable o perfor he deernaon by he expressons γ γ j γ γ j j ( ) + γ (9) j ν + j ν γ ν () + () f () 5 where j ν ν γ + ν ν I s easy o ensure ha he opporuny of he adapaon of he sapln sep n accordance wh he evoluon of he defec appears durn he use of he expressons (9) and () I s clear ha chanes radually by he evoluon of he defec he specra of he nose ( ) are close o he specra of he useful snal and he seps and are he sae a perod Poson-Bnary Deecn Defec Orn by Usn ose as a Daa Carrer Le us consder he use of he correlaon beween he defec orn and he value of he nose by he poson-bnary echnoloy [ ] As enoned earler he values of he bnary codes of he correspondn ds

16 38 Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Monorn Defec a Is Orn a he bennn of each sapln sep are assued o be eual o of he saples ( ) of he snal ( ) where re n ( )( ) ( ) n ( ) > ; ( )( ) ( ) re n hen he snals ( ) he sae e he saples ( ) he frs sep he value n ( ) n ( ) And he reander value ( )( ) by he dfference are eravely fored as he code or A X n are copared wh he value a s aen o be eual o for s deerned re n n ( ) ( ) (3) re( n) s he poson-bnary-pulse snals (PBIS) he su of whch s eual o he nal snal e he seuence of hese snals ( ) X ( ) n ( ) + n ( ) + + ( ) + ( ) X ( ) hey are refleced as he nose ( ) snal ( ) X ( ) + ( ) shor-er pulses ( ) han he poson snals ( ) are fored by nfluence of ( ) represenaon of ( ) (4) durn he defec orn and he s fored as he oupu of he sensor he he duraon of whch s any es less n he by he PBIS In [9 3] s shown ha hey can be ared ou by he follown expressons: ( ) ( ) f (( ) ) ( ) (( + ) ) (( ) ) ( ) (( + ) ) f (( ) ) ( ) (( + ) ) (( ) ) ( ) (( + ) ) (( ) ) ( ) (( + ) ) (( ) ) ( ) (( + ) ) f f f (( ) ) ( ) (( + ) ) (( ) ) ( ) (( + ) ) (( ) ) ( ) (( + ) ) he poson noses ( ) of he nosy snal ( ) (5) (6) X can be fored and ared ou n he codn process of each poson snal by forula (3) and expressons (5) and (6) I s obvous ha her su s he approxae value of he saples of he nose e

17 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) η η η η ( )( ) ( ) + η η (7) hen he approxae values of he saples of he useful snal ( ) X can be deerned by he dfference ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) X (8) A he sae e he esaes of he varance he esaes of he specral characerscs of he nose he esaes of he uually correlaon funcon and he esaes of he correlaon coeffcen beween he nose and he useful snal can be deerned by he follown expressons: D ) ( ) ( (9) ( ) ( ) ( ) x R ) ( (3) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () () xx x x R D R r (3) R ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( (3) R D R r ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( () () (33) 39 5 Poson-Bnary Deecn Defec Orn by Usn ose +

18 4 Poson-Bnary echnoloy of Monorn Defec a Is Orn a n ( ) cos nω( ) ( ) cos nω( ) (34) b n ( )sn nω( ) ( ) sn nω( ) (35) So he process of he defec orn s refleced on he lower posonbnary-pulse snals ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) whch can be ared ou by he expressons (5) and (6) and can be used for deernaon of he esae of he nose ( ) by he expressons (9) (35) herefore onorn he defec a s orn becoes possble by he obaned esaes D R x ( ) R ( ) r x r a n and b n as a resul of he use of he poson-bnary echnoloy hus he real opporunes of ely deecon of he orn of he defecs leadn o he eerency condon of a danosed objec appear In references [9 3] s shown ha f he condon of an objec s sable hen durn e he rao of he nuber of snals ( ) o he oal nuber K of posonal-pulse snals ( ) K K ( ) ( ) (36) s he nonrando value A he sae e fro he bennn of he process of he foraon of a defec n all posonal snals he nuber s ncreased durn e Hence snce hs e he anudes of he coeffcens K K K wll also vary herefore hey are he nforave ndcaors and hey can be used o ncrease he relably of onorn resuls when solvn he proble of deecn he defec s orn he perfored research shows ha solvn he proble of onorn wh radonal ehods does no ve sasfacory resuls for a rea nuber of he os poran objecs A he sae e he use of he correlaon beween he defec orn and he chane of he coeffcens K K K and oher characerscs of he nose obaned by he posonbnary echnoloy ve he relable resuls For exaple analyss of he snals obaned n he drlln process n he copressor saon operaon ec shows ha such characerscs of he nose as D R x ( ) r x K K K n conan poran and useful nforaon allown one o deec he process of he defec s orn

19 5 Poson-Bnary Deecn Defec Orn by Usn ose 4 I s obvous ha her use opens rea possbles for solvn he correspondn probles of onorn As anoher exaple s easy o show he possbly of he use of hs echnoloy n edcne he perfored research shows ha n any cases he nal sae of he varous dseases has no an effec on boh he correspondn snals and he esaes of her correlaon and specral characerscs he bennn of he paholocalphysolocal processes s sulaneously refleced as he nose n he elecrocardoras elecroencephaloras and oher snals suffcenly early her deecon and analyss also open rea possbles for onorn he bennn of varous dseases by eans of poson-bnary echnoloy

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