MATS & LaSpec: High-precision experiments using lasers and ion traps at FAIR

Transcription

1 MATS & LaSpec: High-precision experiments using lasers and ion traps at FAIR Daniel Rodríguez University of Granada for the MATS and LaSpec collaborations Trapped Charged Particles and Fundamental Interactions 2010 MATS board Spokesperson: Klaus Blaum Co-spokesperson: Ari Jokinen, J.R. Crespo López-Urrutia Technical coordinator: Frank Herfurth LaSpec board Spokesperson: Wilfried Nörtershäuser Co-spokesperson: Iain Moore Technical coordinator: Christopher Geppert TDR coordinator: Daniel Rodríguez

2 MATS & LaSpec stands for Precise Measurements on very short-lived nuclei using an Advanced Trapping System Laser Spectroscopy on very short-lived nuclei At FAIR (future Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research)

3 The MATS collaboration BELGIUM: Université Libre de Bruxelles Paul-Henri Heenen CANADA: Magnet: TRIUMF Bruker Jens Dilling, Paul B-E25v Delheij, Alain Lapierre, Maxime Brodeur, Stephan Ettenauer, Thomas Brunner FRANCE: CSNSM-IN2P3,CNRS, Georges Audi, David Lunney, Sarah Naimi, Enrique Minaya-Ramirez CEA Saclay, Michael Bender FINLAND: University of Jyväskylä, Juha Äystö, Ari Jokinen, Iain Moore, Veli Kolhinen GERMANY: Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Klaus Blaum, R. Burco Cakirli, Sergey Eliseev, Sebastian George, Alban Kellerbauer, Yuri A. Litvinov, Szilard Nagy, Julia Repp, Christian Roux, Joachim Ullrich, José R. Crespo López -Urrutia Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Alexander Herlert, Gerrit Marx, Lutz Schweikhard, Falk Ziegler Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gerhard Reinhard GSI, Dietrich Beck, Michael Block, Michael Dworschak, Hans Geissel, Sophie Heinz, Frank Herfurth, Wolfgang Quint, Christoph Scheidenberger, Martin Winkler Johannes Gutenberg University, Klaus Eberhardt, Christopher Geppert, Jens Ketelaer, Susanne Kreim, Dennis Neidherr, Wilfried Nörtershäuser, Birgit Schabinger, Justus-Liebig University Timo Dickel, Christian Jesch, Martin Petrick, Wolfgang R. Plaß Ludwig- Maximilians University München Eva Gartzke, Jerzy Szerypo, Peter G. Thirolf, Christine Weber INDIA: Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Manir Ahammed, Parnika Das, Anirban De, Amlan Ray, Raniganj Girls' College Alokkumar De RUSSIA: St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Yuri Gusev, Dmitri Nesterenko, Yuri N. Novikov, A. Popov, Maxim Seliverstov, Alexander Vasiliev, Gleb Vorobjev SPAIN: University of Granada, Antonio M. Lallena, Daniel Rodríguez, IFIC-CSIC, Berta Rubio, José Luis Taín, Alejandro Algora University of Huelva José Enrique García Ramos, CIEMAT Daniel Cano-Ott, Trinitario Martínez, UPC, M. Belén Gómez Hornillos, Guillén Cortés SWEDEN: Stockholm University, Reinhold Schuch, Markus Suhonen, Andreas Solders, Matthias Hobein USA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Dieter Schneider Michigan State University Georg Bollen, Oliver Kester, Rafael Ferrer, Stefan Schwarz, Louisiana State University Milan Matos 10 countries, 24 institutes, 87 members

4 8 countries, 13 institutes, 34 members The LaSpec collaboration BELGIUM: Magnet: Katholieke Bruker Universiteit B-E25v Leuven Mark Huyse, Iouri Kodriavtsev, Gerda Neyens, Piet van Duppen FRANCE: CSNSM-IN2P3,CNRS, François Le Blanc, David Lunney, Kieran Flanagan FINLAND: University of Jyväskylä, Juha Äystö, Ari Jokinen, Iain Moore GERMANY: Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Klaus Blaum, Joachim Ullrich, José R. Crespo López- Urrutia, Deyan Yordanov, Magdalena Kowalska, GSI, Christopher Geppert, Thomas Kühl, Christoph Scheidenberger, Johannes Gutenberg University, Wilfried Nörtershäuser, Jörg Krämer, Andreas Krieger, Rodolfo Sánchez, Gerhard Huber, Maxim Seliverstov, Klaus Wendt, Ludwig-Maximilians University München Dieter Habs, Jerzy Szerypo, Peter G. Thirolf GREAT BRITAIN: University of Manchester Paul Campbell, Jonathan Billowes SPAIN: University of Granada, Daniel Rodríguez SWITZERLAND: CERN, Andreas Dax USA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Dieter Schneider Pacific Northwest National Lab Bruce A. Bushaw

5 Outline Motivation Penning trap and laser spectroscopy techniques for radioactive isotopes The FAIR accelerator complex Isotopes in reach Layout of the facilities Expected performance Outlook

6 Motivation (MATS & LaSpec) Gianluca Colò (INFN, Milano) Tommi Eronen (CVC hypothesis, CKM matrix, JYFLTRAP) Ryan Ringle (IMME, rp-process, LEBIT) Michael Dorwshack (heavy elements and trap-assisted spectroscopy, SHIPTRAP) Sara Naimi (fine structure nuclear mass surface, ISOLTRAP) Magdalena Kowalska (trap-assisted spectroscopy, ISOLTRAP) Maxime Brodeur (halo nuclei, TITAN) Juho Rissanen (trap-assisted spectroscopy, JYFLTRAP) Veli Kolhinen (neutrino less double beta decay, JYFLTRAP) Tomas Brunner (neutrino less double beta decay, TITAN) Hendrik Schatz (astrophysics, MSU) Anu Kankainen (astrophysics, JYFLTRAP) Szilard Nagy (TRIGA-TRAP) Guy Savard (CARIBU) Double -decay m/m 10-9 Weak Interaction symmetry tests, CVC hypothesis, CKM matrix m/m 10-8 Astrophysics Nucleosynthesis m/m 10-7 Michiharu Wada (precision spectroscopy on 7,9,10,11 Be +, RIKEN) Nuclear Structure Iain Moore (Optical manipulation of ions in a RFQ-buncher, shell closure, pairing, Jyväskylä) deformation, halos Nuclear Structure radii, electromagnetic m/m moments Sensitivity & accuracy (for light isotopes )

7 Status (highlights) on High-Precision Mass Measurements at RIB Relative mass uncertainty 10-5 ESR-IMS TITAN LEBIT CPT JYFLTRAP ESR-SMS SHIPTRAP Q/Q= (T 1/2 =193 ms) at JYFLTRAP ISOLTRAP Half life (ms) Storage rings Revolution frequency Perimeter of 106 m Penning traps Cyclotron frequency Perimeter of 10 cm Highly- Charged Ions Singly- Doubly Charged Ions TRIGA-TRAP CARIBU MLL-TRAP HITRAP M. Block et al., Nature 463, 785 (2010); D. Neidher et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, (2009); S. Rahaman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, (2009); M. Block et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, (2008); M. Smith et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, (2008)

8 Improving accuracy and accessibility using Penning traps at RIB Relative mass uncertainty ISOLTRAP RFQ ISOLTRAP data Talks by A. Herlert, M. Redshaw Gas catchers 2007 Ramsey technique Carbon Octupole Cluster excitation (LEBIT, SHIPTRAP) TITAN LEBIT JYFLTRAP, CPT, SHIPTRAP Year of publication CARIBU TRIGATRAP 2010 Use of HCI for mass measurements at TITAN (talk by M. Brodeur). Commissioning at HITRAP (talk by F. Herfurth). Construction PENTATRAP (talk by S. Eliseev, poster by J. Repp) FT-ICR with single ion investigated at TRIGATRAP, SHIPTRAP (talk by S. Nagy) Cryogenic RFQ (LEBIT) Cryogenic Gas catcher (ANL,KVI,GSI, SHIPTRAP) Further improvements are going on, but still more powerful accelerators are needed

9 On-line Techniques for Optical Isotope Shift and Hyperfine Structure measurements RADOP Gas Cell LIF Collinear Laser Spectroscopy Pulsed RIS & RIMS LaSpec MOT cw RIMS Paul Trap Optional Year RADOP = Radiation Detected optical Pumping LIF = Laser Induced Fluorescence RI(M)S = Resonance Ionization (Mass) Spectroscopy MOT = Magneto Optical Trap cw RIMS = Continuous-Wave Resonance Ionization Mass Spectroscopy Further improvements are going on, but still more powerful accelerators are needed

10 The FAIR accelerator complex SIS300 proton linac SIS18 UNILAC SIS100 HESR RIB target Super-FRS NUSTAR Nuclear Structure & Astrophysics with rare isotope beams, x10000 CR RESR ER NESR pbar target FLAIR

11 Rare isotopes at FAIR Z 100 Sn 7 atoms in 280 h 2/s 48 Ni 35/h 78 Ni 3 atoms in 130 h 8/s N Laser spectroscopy measurements r-process /s 10 8 /s 10 6 /s 10 3 /s 10 0 /s 10-3 /s 10-6 /s 132 Sn 10 8 /s Yields calculated by K.-H. Schmidt

12 Complementarity of MATS with other Penning trap systems at RIB facilities Type of ISOL CPT SHIP JYFL LEBIT TITAN TRIGA CARIBU HI MLL MATS Reacion TRAP TRAP TRAP TRAP TRAP TRAP ISOL X X Fusion X X IGISOL X Fragm. X X X Neutron induced fission X X Sponta neous fission X HCI X X X

13 Complementarity of LaSpec with collinear laser spectroscopy setups at other RIB facilities Type of Reacion COLLAPS JYFL TRIUMF MSU TRIGA SPEC CARIBU LUMIERE ALTO LaSpec ISOL IGISOL X X X X Fragm. X X Photo-induced fission X Spontaneous fission X Neutron induced fussion X

14 Layout of the facility (TDR) Dipole magnet RFQ buncher MR-TOF-MS LaSpec setup MATS setup/ebit Spectroscopy setup Gas catcher

15 Layout of the TRIGA-Spec experiment

16 Sequence for MATS Measurement Penning trap Gas catcher RFQ buncher MR-TOF- MS EBIT Preparation Penning trap Detector trap

17 Cryogenic gas cell (KVI, GSI, JYFL, UG, LMU) 1. High efficiency: 5-50% 2. Extraction time: ms 3. High intensity: ions per spill 4. High gas pressure: up to 1 bar 5. High DC fields design value goal (Courtesy of P. Dendooven) A proposal for an experiment at the FRS has been submitted to the GSI-PAC.

18 RFQ-cooler and buncher (JYFL) 1. Low emittance ~ 6π mm mrad 2. Low energy spread for MATS, and for LaSpec ΔE< 1 ev. t~3 μs for 2 kev. 76 Ga at nm, 4p 2 P 3/2 5s 2 S 1/2 3. High efficiency 4. High-voltage stability (at least 10-5 for LaSpec) 5. High-voltage accuracy (at least 10-4 ) Valve It improves sensitivity when used for collinear laser spectroscopy A. Nieminen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, (2002). It will allow optical manipulation P. Campbell, Hyp. Int. 171 (2006) 143. B.Cheal et al., PRL 102, (2009) (Courtesy of I. Moore)

19 EBIT (MPIK) 1. High electron current up to 2000 ma. 2. High ion densities: 10 6 to ions/cm 3 Fraction of ions in charge state Ne-like Fe Charge breeding time (s) He-like Fe kev, 2 A electron beam. Current density 1400 A/cm 2, background pressure mbar (H 2 ), ion temperature 300 ev. The calculation includes radiative recombination and charge exchange. (Courtesy of J.R. Crespo) Talks by T. Brunner, M. Brodeur, V. Simon (TITAN)

20 The Penning trap system The preparation Penning trap (UGR, MPIK) 1. Cryogenic environment and UHV. 2. Appropriate cooling mechanism. It must be fast and universal (talk by V. Simon and F. Herfurth). 3. Trap configuration allowing for confinement of HCI or singly charged ions. 4. Non-destructive ion detection for diagnosis and re-use of ion species. Broad-band mass identification (SWIFT). 32 mm 25 mm Stahl Electronics The measurement Penning trap (GSI) 5. FT-ICR for single ion sensitivity Talk by M. Ubieto Díaz It should be combined with a detector trap->lmu C. Weber PhD Thesis R. Ferrer, PhD Thesis Talk by S. Nagy

21 Status and perspectives FAIR will offer unique opportunities with RIB. MATS & LaSpec will incorporate the most advanced technical developments on ion traps, lasers and beam preparation. The Technical Design Report has been submitted for evaluation in October Several groups have received funding to start the construction of the different components. A large number of laser and Penning trap setups at different European institutions and RIB facilities can be used for developing very advanced components (MPI-K, JYFL, ISOLDE, KVI, GSI, TRIGA, SPIRAL2...) The system should be tested and ready before FAIR is in operation. Unfortunately, the modularized version of FAIR does not include in the first stage the low energy beam line where MATS & LaSpec will be placed. An alternative solution to place MATS & LaSpec at the end of the high-energy beam line has been offered.

22 Acknowledgement Many thanks: to Klaus Blaum and Wilfried Nörtershäuser for their support as well as the people who contributed to the Technical Design Report and the MATS and LaSpec collaborations. to Wilfried Nörtershäuser, Peter Dendooven, Iain Moore, Thomas Beier and H.-Jürgen Kluge for their valuable help for this presentation. and to Wolfgang R. Plass, Peter Thirolf, and Dimitry Nesterenko, for the material they provided (which unfortunately I did not have time to show).

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24 The preparation Penning trap (UGR, MPI-K) 1. Cryogenic environment and UHV. 2. Appropriate cooling mechanism. It must be fast and universal. 3. Trap configuration allowing for confinement of HCI or singly charged ions. 4. Non-destructive ion detection for diagnosis and re-use of ion species. Broad-band mass identification (SWIFT) mm 25 mm Stahl Electronics V rms ( V) K Talk by M. Ubieto Díaz It should be combined with a detector trap->lmu 0.5 Signal from the transient (80 ms) 4 K Excitation amplitude (V)

25 The precision Penning trap (GSI) 1. Magnetic field strength B 7 T and homogeneity ±0.1 ppm (measured over a 10 mm diameter spherical volume). Stability db/dt 1/B 10-9 /h. 2. Combination of TOF-ICR detection for mass measurements on very shortlived nuclei and FT-ICR detection system with single ion sensitivity (LC circuit). 3. Cryogenic environment and ultra high vacuum to increase sensitivity. 4. Temperature and pressure fluctuations should be minimized ( T < 0.1 K and p < 0.2 mbar) C. Weber PhD Thesis R. Ferrer, PhD Thesis Talk by S. Nagy Amplitude for resonant circuit for A 150 (B=7 T). A quality factor of 5,000 was obtained. (TRIGA-TRAP) M. BLock et al., Hyp. Int. 196, 225 (2010)

26 Key isotopic chains-an example Up to 50 isotopes possible Not produced at ISOL facilities Studies from the proton drip line 72 Zr and N=Z nuclei ( 80 Zr) and deformed shell closures (N=64, 70,82) 72 Zr 122 Zr 72 Zr 80 Zr Identification and decay studies Zr Zr (T 1/2 = 4.6 s) (T 1/2 = 1.2 s) 78 Zr 83 Zr Masses and B(E2) 104 Zr 110 Zr 10-4 ions/s 10 2 ions/s 80 Zr 96 Zr Radii 102 Zr 106 Zr 10 4 ions/s C. Nociforo, W. Korten

27 In-trap and trap-assisted spectroscopy Penning trap assisted spectroscopy of neutron rich 115 Ru (trap assisted spectroscopy) J. Kurpeta et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 31 (2007) 263 Preparing a journey to the east of ISOLTRAP (trap assisted spectroscopy) M. Kowalska et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 42, 351 (2009) Trap ON Conversion electron spectroscopy of isobarically purified trapped radioactive ions (in-trap spectroscopy) J. Rissanen et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 34 (2007) 113 Combination of TASISPEC detector and SHIPTRAP. Trap OFF J. Kurpeta et al

28 MR-TOF-MS Mass resolving power (FWHM) m/ m = 100,000 (5 ms TOF) Isobar separation Demonstrated for C 6 H 6 and 13 C 12 C 5 H 5 (Intensity ratio 170:1, m = 4 MeV) Ion capacity > 10 4 per cycle and >10 6 per second Detector Signal / mv Cs + 12 ms TOF Gate off MeV 13 C 12 C 5 H 5 Gate on Mass / u 12 C 6 H 6 Ions Internal Ion Source Injection Trap System Time-of-Flight Analyzer Kinetic Energy 1.5 kev 10-8 mbar Post-Analyzer Reflector 10-4 mbar Curved RFQs 10-2 mbar Differential Pumping Section 10-6 mbar Gate Detectors Ion Gate Aux. Detector Energy Buncher Separated Ions Isochronous SEM Mass Measurement

29 The rare ion beam separator Super-FRS The Super-FRS must deliver sufficient yield of the isotope of interest Gas cell needs well separated beam otherwise too much ionization load from unwanted isotopes Energy bunching is required to keep the gas cell reasonably short and to operate it at reasonable pressures.

30 Challenge 2: large RF repelling maximize RF force 2 V F avg m 2 rf r o 3 ion is repelled if F avg 3 x N force A=100 ion design value high density: small spacing large RF amplitude

31 primary beam: ions per spill effective stopping volume 4000 cm 3 6 mg/cm 2 He 100 Sn 133 Sn Intensity limitations fragments in cell/spill Sn Total ion-e -pairs / (cm 3 s) 100 Sn Sn H. Weick solution: large E DC RF wall to remove helium ions (and light ions!) 10 9 I.D. Moore, NIM B 266 (2008) 4434

32 RF carpet close-up front side back side coupling DC and RF 1 cm