Laser spectroscopy studies of neutron-rich nuclei
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1 Laser spectroscopy studies of neutron-rich nuclei Ronald Fernando Garcia Ruiz The University of Manchester Walk on the neutron-rich side ECT* Trento, April 2017
2 The COLLAPS Collaboration M. Bissell, K. Blaum, B. Cheal, R.F. Garcia Ruiz, C. Gorges, H. Heylen, S. Kaufmann, M. Kowalska, S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer, R. Neugart, G. Neyens, W. Nortershauser, R. Sanchez, X. Yang, D. Yordanov
3 HIAS2013, Australia 10th April 2013 The CRIS Collaboration J. Billowes, T.E. Cocolios, G. Farooq-Smith, K.T. Flanagan, W. Gins, K.M. Lynch, S. Franchoo, V. Fedosseev, B.A. Marsh, G. Simpson, M. Bissell, I. Budincevic, R.P. De Groote, R.F. Garcia Ruiz, H. Heylen, G. Neyens, A.J. Smith,, H.H. Stroke, R.E. Rossel, S. Rothe, K. Wendt, S. Wilkins, X. Yang. 3 kara.marie.lynch@cern.ch
4 COLLLAPS and CRIS Collaborations Thanks to... NN+3N Calculations J.D. Holt, J. Menendez, A. Schwenk, J. Simonis Charge radii calculations A. Ekstrom, G. Hagen, K. Hebeler, G. R. Jansen, W. Nazarewicz, T. Papenbrock, K. A. Wendt CC Coupled-Cluster S. Bacca, G. Hagen, G. Jasen, M. Miorelli IMSRG In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group J. Holt, A. Schwenk, S. Stroberg GGF Gorkov-Green functions C. Barbieri, T. Duguet, V. Soma Experiments Theory
5 Contents Laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE Atomic hyperfine structure
6 Contents Laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE Atomic hyperfine structure
7 Contents Laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE Nuclear electromagnetic properties. -> Charge radii -> Electromagnetic moments, spin Atomic hyperfine structure,,,
8 Contents Laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE Nuclear electromagnetic properties. -> Charge radii -> Electromagnetic moments, spin Experimental results -> Calcium (Z=20) -> Nickel (Z=28) (Unpublished) Atomic hyperfine structure,,, Simple questions of nuclear structure Z N 48 Ca 78 Ni
9 Contents Laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE Nuclear electromagnetic properties. -> Charge radii -> Electromagnetic moments, spin Experimental results -> Calcium (Z=20) -> Nickel (Z=28) (Unpublished) New developments in sensitivity: -> Results up to 78 Cu(Z=29) (Unpublished ) Atomic hyperfine structure,,, Simple questions of nuclear structure 132 Sn Z N 48 Ca 78 Ni
10 Contents Laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE Nuclear electromagnetic properties. -> Charge radii -> Electromagnetic moments, spin Experimental results -> Calcium (Z=20) -> Nickel (Z=28) (Unpublished) New developments in sensitivity: -> Results up to 78 Cu(Z=29) (Unpublished ) Summary and outlook -> Approaching 100 Sn(Z=50) and 132 Sn Atomic hyperfine structure,,, Simple questions of nuclear structure 132 Sn Z N 48 Ca 78 Ni
11 Motivation -> Nuclear many-body problem Nuclear force Phenomenology Chiral effective field theory Many-body methods Ab-initio Shell-model DFT Electro-weak currents Effective neutron/proton charges Microscopic description of effective operators Laser spectroscopy D m,
12 Motivation -> Nuclear many-body problem Nuclear force Phenomenology Chiral effective field theory Many-body methods Ab-initio Shell-model DFT Electro-weak currents Effective neutron/proton charges Microscopic description of effective operators Laser spectroscopy D m, Structure/ configuration mixing Correlations / deformation Shape coexistence
13 Collinear laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE 1.3 GeV CERN
14 Collinear laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE 1.3 GeV CERN
15 Collinear laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE Energy spread Doppler broadening Ion beam energy ~ MHz (<mev) COLLAPS
16 Collinear laser spectroscopy Max sensitivity ~250 ions/s [R.F. Garcia Ruiz et al., Nature Physics 12, 594 (2016)]
17 Collinear resonance ionization (CRIS) [K. T. Flanagan et al., PRL 111, (2013) ] [R.P. De Groote et al., PRL 115, (2015)] Broad-band pulsed lasers
18 Collinear resonance ionization (CRIS) [K. T. Flanagan et al., PRL 111, (2013) ] [R.P. De Groote et al., PRL 115, (2015)]
19 Collinear resonance ionization (CRIS) [K. T. Flanagan et al., PRL 111, (2013) ] [R.P. De Groote et al., PRL 115, (2015)] Achieved sensitivity ~20 ions/s [In preparation (2017)]
20 Collinear resonance ionization (CRIS) [K. T. Flanagan et al., PRL 111, (2013) ] [R.P. De Groote et al., PRL 115, (2015)] Achieved sensitivity ~20 ions/s [In preparation (2017)]
21 Electromagnetic Moments
22 Electromagnetic Moments -> Usually many-body currents are neglected -> Inconsistence use effective operators
23 RESULTS
24 g=m/i EM moments: Ca region d 5/2 50 g 9/2 f 5/2 40 p 1/2 p 3/ nd 3/2 f 7/2 20 d 3/2 16 S 1/2 ns 1/2 nf 7/2 np 3/2 31 Ar Ar Ca [Garcia Ruiz, R.F. et al, Phys. Rev. C 91, (R) (2015)]
25 g=m/i EM moments: Ca region d 5/2 50 g 9/2 f 5/2 40 p 1/2 p 3/ nd 3/2 f 7/2 20 d 3/2 16 S 1/2 ns 1/2 nf 7/2 np 3/2 39 Ca Ar Ca [Garcia Ruiz, R.F. et al, Phys. Rev. C 91, (R) (2015)]
26 g=m/i EM moments: Ca region d 5/2 50 g 9/2 f 5/2 40 p 1/2 p 3/ nd 3/2 f 7/2 20 d 3/2 16 S 1/2 ns 1/2 nf 7/2 np 3/2 51 Ca Ar Ca [Garcia Ruiz, R.F. et al, Phys. Rev. C 91, (R) (2015)]
27 g=m/i EM moments: Ca region d 5/2 50 g 9/2 f 5/2 40 p 1/2 p 3/ nd 3/2 f 7/2 20 pd 3/2 d 3/2 16 S 1/2 ns 1/2 nf 7/2 np 3/2 35 K Ar K Ca Sc [Garcia Ruiz, R.F. et al, Phys. Rev. C 91, (R) (2015)]
28 g=m/i EM moments: Ca region ps 1/2 d 5/2 50 Inversion of proton orbits... g 9/2 f 5/2 40 p 1/2 p 3/ nd 3/2 f 7/2 20 pd 3/2 S 1/2 d 3/2 16 ns 1/2 nf 7/2 np 3/2 47 K Ar K Ca Sc [Garcia Ruiz, R.F. et al, Phys. Rev. C 91, (R) (2015)] [Papuga, J. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, (2013)]
29 g=m/i EM moments: Ca region ps 1/2 d 5/2 50 nd 3/2 pf 7/2 g 9/2 f 5/2 40 p 1/2 p 3/2 f 7/ pd 3/2 d 3/2 16 S 1/2 ns 1/2 nf 7/2 np 3/2 41 Sc Ar K Ca Sc [Garcia Ruiz, R.F. et al, Phys. Rev. C 91, (R) (2015)] [Papuga, J. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, (2013)]
30 Results: Electromagnetic moments Phenomenological interactions ( 40 Ca core) NN interactions fitted to Ca region
31 Results: Electromagnetic moments NN+3N interactions fitted to A=3 systems Microscopic interaction (ch-eft) ( Phenomenological interactions ( Ca core) Ca core) NN interactions fitted to Ca region
32 Results: Electromagnetic moments NN+3N interactions fitted to A=3 systems Microscopic interaction (ch-eft) ( Phenomenological interactions ( Ca core) Ca core) NN interactions fitted to Ca region 28 Phenomenological interactions ( Si core) Consistent with: + -> g(2 ) Schielke et al. PLB 571, 29 (2003) Taylor et al. PLB 605, 265 (2005) + -> B(E2 ) Caurier et al. PLB 522, 240 (2001)
33 Results: Electromagnetic moments NN+3N interactions fitted up to light Systems (up to A=3) Microscopic interaction (ch-eft) ( Phenomenological interactions ( Ca core) Ca core) NN interactions fitted to Ca region 28 Phenomenological interactions ( Si core) Nuclear theory has provided a good description of Ca isotopes: -> S 2n separation energies -> E(2 + ) excitation energies -> Electromagnetic moments (g.s. neutron -rich)? Free g factors and effective charges (en=0.5, ep=1.5)
34 Electromagnetic Moments Role of many-body currents??? Origin of effective operators???
35 Electromagnetic moments and many-body currents [Pastore et al. PRC 87, (2013)] [Carlson et al. RMP 87, 1067 (2015)]
36 Electromagnetic moments and many-body currents [Pastore et al. PRC 87, (2013)] [Carlson et al. RMP 87, 1067 (2015)] Quantum Monte Calculations with commonly used currents -> Impulse approximation (IA)
37 Electromagnetic moments and many-body currents [Pastore et al. PRC 87, (2013)] [Carlson et al. RMP 87, 1067 (2015)] Quantum Monte Calculations + up to two-body currents (MEC) derived from chiral EFT -> Magnetic moments are highly sensitive: changes up to MEC ~40% for 9 C Work in progress to include MEC in medium mass nuclei [A. Ekstrom et al. PRL 113, (2014)]
38 Charge radii Laser spectroscopy m, Simultaneous reproduction of charge radii and binding energies has been a longstanding challenge for nuclear theory. Phys. Rev. Lett (2007) Phys. Lett. B (2014) Phys. Rev. Lett (2014) Phys. Rev. Lett (2012) Phys. Rev. C (2014) Phys. Rev. Lett (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett (2012) Phys. Rev. C (2014) Phys. Rev. Lett (2011) Phys. Rev. C (2014) Phys. Rev. C (2014) Phys. Rev. C 91, (R) (2015) Nature Physics 12, 186 (2016) Ground-state spin are essential observables for our understanding of nuclear structure Charge radii provides a test to inter-nucleon interactions and many-body methods
39 Calcium (Z=20)-> Appearance of multiple shell structures? [D. Steppenbeck et al., Nature 502 (2013)] 54 Ca Evidence of magic numbers(?) [F. Wienholtz et al., Nature 498 (2013)] 52 Ca 20 32
40 Results: Charge radii [R.F. Garcia Ruiz et al., Nature Physics 12, 594 (2016)] The charge radii of Ca isotopes present additional challenges PRC 91, (2015) Nature Physics 12, 180 (2016) PLB 522, 240 (2001) PRL 113, (2014) PRC 92, (2015) NPA 676, 49 (2000) Nature 486, 509 (2012) PRC 88, (R) (2013)
41 Calcium: Charge radii [R.F. Garcia Ruiz et al., Nature Physics 12, 594 (2016)] Much larger than expected! PRC 91, (2015) Nature Physics 12, 180 (2016) PLB 522, 240 (2001) PRL 113, (2014) PRC 92, (2015) NPA 676, 49 (2000) Nature 486, 509 (2012) PRC 88, (R) (2013)
42 Charge radii systematic around the Ca region (N=28) Ca radii increase is as large as the open shell nuclei in the region! Mn (Z=25) -> [H. Heylen et al, Phys. Rev. C 94, (2016)] Ca (Z=20) -> [R.F. Garcia Ruiz et al., Nature Physics 12, 594 (2016)] K (Z=19) -> [K. Kreim et al, Phys. Lett. B 731, 97 (2014)] COLLAPS/ISOLDE
43 g=m/i Ni region np 1/2 d 5/2 50 np 3/2 nf 5/2 ng 9/2 1/2-79m Zn A more complex structure? [Yang et al, PRL 116, (2016)] g 9/2 f 5/2 40 p 1/2 p 3/2 f 7/ Q[b] d 3/2 16 S 1/2 COLLAPS 67 Ni Zn(Z=30)-> Wraith, C. et al. Submitted (2017) Ni(Z=28)-> In preparation (2017) 79,79m Zn(Z=30)-> Yang et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, (2016)
44 g=m/i pp 3/2 Ni region np 1/2 Inversion of proton orbits... pf 5/2 d 5/2 50 np 3/2 nf 5/2 ng 9/2 1/2-79m Zn A more complex structure? [Yang et al, PRL 116, (2016)] g 9/2 f 5/2 40 p 1/2 p 3/2 f 7/ Q[b] d 3/2 16 S 1/2 COLLAPS Zn(Z=30)-> Wraith, C. et al. Submitted (2017) Ni(Z=28) -> In preparation (2017) 79,79m Zn(Z=30)-> Yang et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, (2016) CRIS 78 Cu Cu(Z=29)-> De Groote, R. et al. In preparation (2017) 78 Cu ~ 20 ions/s
45 Sn region Q[b] g=m/i nd 3/2 nh 11/2 I=1/2 Cd (Z=48) Yordanov, et al. Phys Rev. Lett. 110, (2013) Yordanov, et al. Phys Rev. Lett. 116, (2016) Sn (Z=50) COLLAPS/ISOLDE Sn(Z=50)-> Under analysis (2017)
46 ph 11/2 ph 9/2 Sn region Q[b] g=m/i nh 11/2 pf 5/2 pf 7/2 nd 3/2 Cd (Z=48) Yordanov, et al. Phys Rev. Lett. 110, (2013) Yordanov, et al. Phys Rev. Lett. 116, (2016) I=1/2?? Sn (Z=50) In (Z=49) COLLAPS/ISOLDE Sn(Z=50)-> Under analysis (2017) CRIS/ISOLDE In -> Experiment May 2017 [Garcia Ruiz, R.F et al. CERN-INTC (2017)]
47 Summary Ground-state spin and electromagnetic moments of K (Z=19) and Ca (Z=20) [Garcia Ruiz, R.F. et al, PRC 91, (R) (2015)] [Papuga, J. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, (2013)] Charge radii measurements up to 51 K, 52 Ca (N=32) -> New challenges for nuclear structure theory [R.F. Garcia Ruiz et al., Nature Physics 12, 594 (2016)] [K. Kreim et al, Phys. Lett. B 731, 97 (2014)] Unanswered question regarding the use of effective operators, importance of MEC currents? Nuclear force Phenomenology Chiral effective field theory Many-body methods Shell-model Ab-initio DFT Electromagnetic operators Effective neutron/proton charges Microscopic description of effective operators
48 Summary Ground-state spin and electromagnetic moments of K (Z=19) and Ca (Z=20) [Garcia Ruiz, R.F. et al, PRC 91, (R) (2015)] [Papuga, J. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, (2013)] Charge radii measurements up to 51 K, 52 Ca (N=32) -> New challenges for nuclear structure theory [R.F. Garcia Ruiz et al., Nature Physics 12, 594 (2016)] [K. Kreim et al, Phys. Lett. B 731, 97 (2014)] Nuclear force Phenomenology Chiral effective field theory Many-body methods Shell-model Ab-initio DFT Beyond N=32 -> 53,54 Ca Sensitivity < 100 ion/s Radioactive detection of Collinear-laser Optical pumping after Charge exchange [R.F. Garcia Ruiz et al. J. Phys. G. 44, (2017)]
49 Summary New results for ground state spin, electromagnetic moments and charge radii of Ni (Z=28), Cu (Z=29) and Zn (Z=30) Remarkable sensitivity/resolution 78 Cu~ 20 ions/s Zn(Z=30)-> [Wraith, C. et al. Submitted (2017)] Ni(Z=28)-> [In preparation (2017)] Cu(Z=29)-> [De Groote, R. et al. In preparation (2017)]
50 Summary New results for ground state spin, electromagnetic moments and charge radii of Ni (Z=28), Cu (Z=29) and Zn (Z=30) Remarkable sensitivity/resolution 78 Cu~ 20 ions/s Zn(Z=30)-> [Wraith, C. et al. Submitted (2017)] Ni(Z=28)-> [In preparation (2017)] Cu(Z=29)-> [De Groote, R. et al. In preparation (2017)] Evidence of shape coexistence around 78 Ni from the charge radii of 79m Zn [X.F. Yang, X.F. et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, (2016)]
51 Summary New results for ground state spin, electromagnetic moments and charge radii of Ni (Z=28), Cu (Z=29) and Zn (Z=30) Remarkable sensitivity/resolution 78 Cu~ 20 ions/s Zn(Z=30)-> [Wraith, C. et al. Submitted (2017)] Ni(Z=28)-> [In preparation (2017)] Cu(Z=29)-> [De Groote, R. et al. In preparation (2017)] Evidence of shape coexistence around 78 Ni from the charge radii of 79m Zn [X.F. Yang, X.F. et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, (2016)] A big jump on our walk to the neutron rich side!
52 Summary Coming soon: Sn (Z=50) -> under analysis In (Z=49) -> Experiment May 2017 New results for ground state spin, electromagnetic moments and charge radii of Ni (Z=28), Cu (Z=29) and Zn (Z=30) Remarkable sensitivity/resolution 78 Cu~ 20 ions/s Zn(Z=30)-> [Wraith, C. et al. Submitted (2017)] Ni(Z=28)-> [In preparation (2017)] Cu(Z=29)-> [De Groote, R. et al. In preparation (2017)] Evidence of shape coexistence around 78 Ni from the charge radii of 79m Zn [X.F. Yang, X.F. et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, (2016)] Future experiments: Sb(Z=51)-> [Xu, Z.Y. et al. CERN-INTC (2016)] Sn(Z=50) -> [Garcia Ruiz, R.F et al. CERN-INTC (2016)]
53 Thanks for your attention!
54 Laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE Resonance ionization Ion source Laser-polarization Collinear laser spectroscopy
55 Common view: Energies, B(E2) Z N N B(E2)
56 Charge radii systematic Increase of rms charge radii when adding two nucleons
57 Excitation energy [kev] g=m/i EM moments: Ca region ps 1/2 1f 5/2 2p 1/2 2p 3/ f 5/2 2p 1/2 2p 3/2 pf 7/2 nd 3/2 pd 3/2 1f 7/2 1d 3/ f 7/2 1d 3/2 nf 7/2 2s 1/2 2s 1/2 np 3/2 p n Ar K Ca Sc [Garcia Ruiz, R.F. et al, PRC 91, (R) (2015)] [Papuga, J. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, (2013)] /2 + 3/ , 49 K dominated by hole in s 1/2 orbit 49 K wave function strongly mixed with d 3/2 51 K dominated by hole in d 3/ ,49 K I=1/2 51 K I=3/ Exp. NR U Exp. NR U Exp. NR U Exp. NR U 39 K 41 K K K Exp. NR 47 K U Exp. NR U Exp. NR 49 K 51 K U
58 Excitation energy [kev] g=m/i EM moments: Ca region ps 1/2 1f 5/2 2p 1/2 2p 3/ f 5/2 2p 1/2 2p 3/2 pf 7/2 nd 3/2 pd 3/2 1f 7/2 1d 3/ f 7/2 1d 3/2 nf 7/2 2s 1/2 2s 1/2 np 3/2 p n Ar K Ca Sc [Garcia Ruiz, R.F. et al, PRC 91, (R) (2015)] [Papuga, J. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, (2013)] /2 + 3/ , 49 K dominated by hole in s 1/2 orbit 49 K wave function strongly mixed with d 3/2 51 K dominated by hole in d 3/ ,49 K I=1/2 51 K I=3/ Exp. NR U Exp. NR U Exp. NR U Exp. NR U 39 K 41 K K K Exp. NR 47 K U Exp. NR U Exp. NR 49 K 51 K U
59 Radioactive detection of Collinear-laser Optical pumping after Charge exchange Higher sensitivity -> particle detection [R.F. Garcia Ruiz et al. J. Phys. G. 44, (2017)]
60 Radioactive detection of Collinear-laser Optical pumping after Charge exchange Optical pumping [R.F. Garcia Ruiz et al. J. Phys. G. 44, (2017)]
61 Pushing the limits of sensitivity: towards N=34
62 Pushing the limits of sensitivity: towards N=34
63 Pushing the limits of sensitivity: towards N=34 New experimental apparatus
64 Pushing the limits of sensitivity: towards N=34 New experimental apparatus
65 Pushing the limits of sensitivity: towards N=34
66 Pushing the limits of sensitivity: towards N=34
67 Pushing the limits of sensitivity: towards N=34
68 First experimental results
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