(Ebbels & van der Lely, 2001; (dative shift) .(van der Lely & Harris, 1990; van der Lely & Battell, (Chomsky, 1981; Haegeman, 1994 ) SLI ,.
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1 1 (Ebbels & van der Lely 001; (dative shift : (van der Lely & Harris 1990; van der Lely & Battell 003 : (GB Government & Binding (Chomsky 1981; Haegeman 1994 : (1 (theme (agent : (1 1; : (Grimshaw 1990; Shapiro 1997 (Chomsky 1981 " (Shapiro 003 : ( * : ( * : (1 (3 ( (Specific Language Impairment : Leonard 1998; van der Lely 1996; van der Lely & Christian 000; van der Lely & Battell (003 (Syntactic (Grammatical Davies 00; Friedmann & Novogrodsky 004; Novogrodsky & Friedmann 003; van der Lely 1996; van der Lely & Christian 000; (van der Lely & Harris 1990 Bishop 1979; Adams 1990; (van der Lely 1996; van der Lely & Harris 1990 (Friedmann & Novogrodsky 004; Stavrakaki 001
2 4 3 " " : " " ( ( Grodzinsky ;000; Friedmann & Shapiro 003 (Friedmann & Novogrodsky 004 " " Davies 00; Friedmann & Novogrodsky 004; ( ( " " (trace ( "" t (3' 1 ( (? (3 1t 1 ('3 (Novogrodsky & Friedmann 003; van der Lely ; van der Lely & Battell (Friedmann & Novogrodsky 34% : 004 ' 194% 43% (Roth 1984 ' ( ( ( ( (? (? (? Cross-Modal Lexical Priming (CMLP Love & Swinney 1996; Nicol & Swinney 1989; Zurif Swinney Prather Wingfield & Brownell (3;6-4;6 " : : " " : " " " (1995 : ( " " (Haendiges Berndt & Mitchum 1996 ( Chomsky ( ; Boškovi and Nunes (004 : ( WH 1op] 1 : (spec-cp [t 1 1
3 6 5 ( ( (Nickels Bing & Black 1991; Schwartz Fink Myers & Martin 1994 Thompson & Shapiro 1995; Thompson Ballard & Shapiro 1998; Thompson Shapiro Jacobs & Schneider 1996; (Thompson et al 1997 ' 1; " " : ( 45 11;7 18 ( 4 1;5 10 : Trail Making " (1999 " RAN :(003 : ( / ( ( ' ' ( : (;< : 4 3 ;< : 4 3 : 9 " ( ( ( ( : " ( ( (1 (4 (3 Friedmann Wenkert-Olenik & Gil 000; Thompson et al ; (Thompson Ballard & Shapiro 1998; Thompson & Shapiro 1995? (Ebbels & van der Lely 001 Wh "receptive and expressive " ( ( ( (ing ed ( (?
4 8 7 " : ( 0 ( 0 ( : 0 ( ( 1 : (Friedmann & Novogrodsky 004 PAS " (Predicate Argument Structure 140 (Friedmann 1998 ( : " " (Friedmann & Novogrodsky 00 : (Friedmann 1998 Wh ( 3 ( ( ( t / t (17 = 00 p = 50 B = 34 p = 07 t (17 = 54 p < ( : 1 95% (05 0/0 (0 0/0 (13 19/0 85% 60% 0/0 17/0 1/0 1 B =10 p = 001 B = 34 p = 07 B = 313 p = 08 Crawford and t Howell (1998 (t C Fisher exact 0 B B : 0 " " (Berman " 1997; Jisa Reilly Verhoeven Baruch & Rosado 00 3
5 10 9 ((7 (6 ((8 ((5 (4 10 (Novogrodsky & Friedmann 003 : (6 : : (7 : : (8 : (" " 6 6 : 1 ( (10 (9 : (9 ( ""? : (10 ( ""? 5 : 10 " 5 (11 ((1 : (11 ( : (1 ( : (4 : (5 t t (17 = 390 p = 001 t (17 = 083 p = 1 ( : 87% 96% (18 173/0 (094 19/0 B = 1333 p < % 10/0 0/0 : 4 " 8 ( : 8 : 8 ( : ( : 3 ( t / t / t (17 = 057 p = 8 ( : 4 95% (049 57/6 6/6 " t (17 = 08 p < 001 B = 144 p < 001 t (17 = 181 p = 05 99% 98% (03 79/8 (00 8/8 (04 78/8 13% 13% 88% 1/8 1/8 7/8 B = 857 p = 003 t (9= 1087 p < 001 t (9= 1087 p < % 96% (0 6/6 (04 48/5 (04 48/5 17% 0% 0% 1/6 0/5 0/5 " 3 (p = 01
6 " : ( ( (/ (17 0 : 0 (19 0 (18 (0 t / B = 10 p = 31 t (9 = 875 p < 001 t (9 = 1037 p < 001 t (9 = 1540 p < 001 (1? (17? (18? (19? (0 ( : 6 (0 0/0 95% 19/0 98% 99% (03 199/0 ( /0 (04 198/0 85% 17/0 60% 1/0 65% 13/0 6 B = 70 p = 008 B = 56 p = 01 ( ( / B = 13 p = 14 B = 313 p = 07 4? ((13 (13 : 9 ( ((14 10 (14 : : ( 4 ( (15 " (16 SVO ( t (17 = 000 p = 50 t (17 = 584 p < 001 t (15 (16 ( : 5 (05 0/0 (05 0/0 85% 0/0 17/0 4
7 14 13 & ( : (Shlonsky 1997 ( (1 : ASVO (1 : AVSO ( : 3 : ( : ( ( ( ( ( ( " 19 : 31 1 (3 (4 " " : ( (3 (4 7 t (9 = 1177 p < 001 t 99% ( : (03 189/19 79% 15/19 7 ( " " " 9 " : = t (9 = 860 p < 001 t (9 = 030 p = 38 98% 99% (0 1/1 (04 98/10 (03 99/10 60% 1/1 6/10 10/10 : 0 " SV 10 VS 10 (7 p = 04 4 (VS->SV
8 16 15 : ( : ( 5 (8 // (p = 15 p = 16 ( 17% ( ( 10 9 (5 ( (6 ( : ( : 1 ( ( 3 ( ( ( ( ( 5
9 18 ( " 8 / / / t (17 = 000 t (17 = 00 = 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 SVO p = 50 t (17 = 000 p = 50 B = 10 p = 31 t (17 = 071 p = 4 t (17 = 080 p = 1 t (9 = 573 p < 001 = t (9 = 181 p = 05 t (17 = 057 p = 9 = t (9 = 545 p = 33 t (9 = 545 p = 33 t (17 = 195 p = 03 = t (9 = 7 p = 01 t (9 = 18 p = 03 t (9 = 408 p < 001 = t (9 = 7 p = 01 t (9 = 030 p = 38 t (9 = 045 p = 33 p = 50 B = 34 B = 111 p = 07 p = 9 t (17 = 54 B = 70 p < 001 p = 008 t (17 = 390 B = 396 p = 001 p = 04 t (17 = 083 p = 1 = t (17 = 08 p < 001 p = 04 B = 144 p < 001 p = 001 t (17 = 181 p = 05 = t (17 = 057 p = 8 = B = 857 B = 857 p = 003 p = 003 t (9= 1087 B = 10 p < 001 p = 001 t (9= 1087 B = 10 p < 001 p = 001 t (17 = 584 B = 111 p < 001 p = 9 B = 10 B = 105 p = 31 p = 31 t (9 = 875 B = 111 p < 001 p = 9 t (9 = 1037 B = 480 p < 001 p = 0 t (9 = 1540 B = 358 p < 001 p = 05 = = t (9 = 1177 B = 07 p < 001 p = 14 t (9 = 030 p = 38 = t (9 = 860 p < 001 p = 08 (050 0/0 (000 95% 19/0 (130 87% 173/0 (18 96% 19/0 (094 99% 79/8 (03 8/8 (000 98% 78/8 (04 95% 571/6 (049 6/6 (000 96% 48/5 (04 96% 48/5 (04 0/0 (05 0/0 (0 199/0 (03 98% 196/0 (070 99% 198/0 (04 1/1 (0 95% 19/0 90% 18/0 85% 17/0 95% 19/0 80% 16/0 60% 1/0 80% 16/0 50% 10/0 0/0 0/0 SVO 75% 6/8 13% 1/8 8/8 13% 1/8 88% 7/8 88% 7/8 6/6 0% 0/6 6/6 6/6 6/6 17% 1/6 5/5 0% 0/5 0% 0/5 5/5 5/5 0% 0/5 95% 19/0 95% 19/0 85% 17/0 0/0 95% 19/0 95% 19/0 85% 17/0 90% 18/0 60% 1/0 90% 18/0 65% 13/0 1/1 1/1 SV 99% 189/19 (03 95% 18/19 79% 15/19 VS 99% 99/10 (03 10/10 10/10 SV 98% (04 98/10 10/10 60% 6/10 VS 17 (Shlonsky * ( (5 (6 (B = 934 p = 00 U B = 10 p < 001 ( (SVO : (
10 0 19 ( ( (p = 9 (Varlokosta & Armon-Lotem % ;8-5;5 4 ( 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 0% Friedmann & Szterman 006; (Varlokosta & Armon-Lotem 1998 (de Villiers 1988; Pérez-Leroux 1995 (Varlokosta & Armon-Lotem % 0% '10 (Ferreiro Othenin-Girard Chipman & Sinclair 1976; Pérez-Leroux 1995 (Guasti 000 (Ferreiro et al 1976; Labelle 1990 ((6 :U 0% U "" (?;5 ( goed (Pinker & Prince 1988; Siegler 004 : U 10 "!! ( % ( " " / (XVS (XSV
11 1 Crawford J R & Howell D C (1998 Regression equations in clinical neuropsychology: An evaluation of statistical methods for comparing predicted and observed scores Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Davies L (00 Specific language impairment as principle conflict: Evidence from negation Lingua de Villiers P A (1988 Assessing English syntax in hearing-impaired children: Elicited production in pragmatically motivated situations In R R Kretchmer & L W Kretchmer (Eds Communication assessment of hearing-impaired children: From conversation to classroom Monograph supplement of The Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology Ebbels S & van der Lely H K J (001 Metasyntactic therapy using visual coding for children with severe persistent International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 36 Supplement Ferreiro E Othenin-Girard C Chipman H & Sinclair H (1976 How do children handle relative clauses? A study in comparative developmental psycholinguistics Archives de Psychologie Friedmann N (00 Question production in agrammatism: The Tree Pruning Hypothesis Brain and Language Friedmann N (005 Degrees of severity and recovery in agrammatism: Climbing up the syntactic tree Aphasiology Friedmann N & Novogrodsky R (00 BAMBI: Battery for assessment of syntactic abilities in children Tel Aviv University (In Hebrew Friedmann N & Novogrodsky R (004 The acquisition of relative clause comprehension in Hebrew: A study of and normal development Journal of Child Language Friedmann N & Shapiro L P (003 Agrammatic comprehension of simple active sentences with moved constituents: Hebrew OSV and SVO structures Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research Friedmann N & Szterman R (006 Syntactic movement in orally-trained children with hearing impairment Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education doi:101093/deafed/enj00 Friedmann N Wenkert-Olenik D & Gil M (000 From theory to practice: Treatment of agrammatic production in Hebrew based on the Tree Pruning Hypothesis Neurolinguistics Grimshaw J (1990 Argument Structure Cambridge: MIT Press Grodzinsky Y (000 The neurology of syntax: Language use without Broca's area Behavioral and Brain Sciences Guasti M T (00 Language acquisition: The growth of grammar (pp 0-43 Cambridge MA: MIT Press Haegeman L (1994 Introduction to Government & Binding Theory nd ed Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Haendiges A N Berndt R S & Mitchum C C (1996 Assessing the elements contributing to a "mapping" deficit: A targeted treatment study Brain and Language Jisa H Reilly J Verhoeven L Baruch E & Rosado E (00 Passive voice constructions in written texts In R A Berman & L Verhoeven (Eds Cross-linguistic perspectives on the development of text-production abilities in speech and writing Special issue of Written Language and Literacy Labelle M (1990 Predication Wh-movement and the development of relative clauses Language Acquisition Leonard B L (1998 The language characteristics of : A detailed look at English In B L Leonard (Ed Children with Specific Language Impairment (pp Cambridge MA: MIT Press Love T & Swinney D (1996 Coreference processing and levels of analysis in object-relative constructions: Demonstration of antecedent reactivation with the cross-modal priming paradigm Journal of Psycholinguistic Research Nickels L Bing S & Black M (1991 Sentence processing deficits: A replication of remediation British journal of disorders of communication Nicol J & Swinney D (1989 The role of structure in coreference assignment during sentence comprehension Journal of Psycholinguistics Research Varlokosta (& Armon-Lotem 1998 (Thompson et al Wh : : Friedmann ; Friedmann Wenkert-Olenik & Gil (000; Thompson Shapiro Kiran & Sobecks 003 : (1998 : (003 :" (1999 Adams C (1990 Syntactic comprehension in children with expressive language impairment British Journal of Disorders of Communication Bishop M V D (1979 Comprehension in developmental language disorders Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology Berman R (1997 Early acquisition of syntax and discourse in Hebrew In Y Shimron (Ed Psycholinguistic studies in Israel: Language acquisition reading and writing (pp Jerusalem: Magnes Press (in Hebrew Berndt R Mitchum C & Haediges A (1996 Comprehension of reversible sentences in "agrammatism": A meta-analysis Cognition BoškoviS Ž & Nunes J (004 The Copy Theory of Movement: A view from PF MS University of Connecticut Storrs and Universidade de São Paulo Chomsky N (1981 Lectures on government and binding Dordecht: Foris Chomsky N (1993 A minimalist program for linguistic theory In K Hale & S J Keyser (Eds The view from building 0 (pp 1-5 Cambridge MA: MIT Press
12 4 3 : :! 9! & ( 9 ( ( : Novogrodsky R & Friedmann N (003 The movement deficit in : Trace deletion or thematic role transfer impairment? In Y Falk (Ed Proceedings of the 19th IATL conference Pérez-Leroux A T (1995 Resumptives in the acquisition of relative clauses Language Acquisition Pinker S & Prince A (1988 On language and connectionism: Analysis of a parallel distributed processing model of language acquisition Cognition Raven J C (1965 Advanced progressive matrices London: H K Lewis Roth P F (1984 Accelerating language learning in young children Journal of Child Language Schwartz M F Saffran E M Fink R B Myers J L & Martin N (1994 Mapping therapy: A treatment program for agrammatism Aphasiology Shapiro L P (1997 Tutorial: An introduction to syntax Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research Shapiro L P (003 Argument structure: Representation and processing In R Kent (Ed The Encyclopedia of Communication Sciences and Disorders (pp 69-7 Cambridge MA: MIT Press Shlonsky U (1997 Clause Structure and Word Order in Hebrew and Arabic Oxford: OUP Siegler R (004 U-Shaped interest in u-shaped development and what it means Journal of Cognition and Development Stavrakaki S (001 Comprehension of reversible relative clauses in specifically language impaired and normally developing Greek children Brain and Language Thompson C K Ballard K J & Shapiro L P (1998 The role of syntactic complexity in training Wh-movement structures in agrammatic aphasia: Optimal order for promoting generalization Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Thompson C K & Shapiro L P (1995 Training sentence production in agrammatism: Implication for normal and disordered language Brain and Language Thompson C K Shapiro L P Ballard K J Jacobs B J Schneider S S & Tait M E (1997 Training and generalized production of Wh- and NP-movement structures in agrammatic aphasia Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research Thompson C K Shapiro L P Jacobs B J & Schneider S L (1996 Training wh-question production in agrammatic aphasia: Analysis of argument and adjunct movement Brain and Language Thompson C K Shapiro L P Kiran S & Sobecks J (003 The role of syntactic complexity in treatment of sentence deficits in agrammatic aphasia: The complexity account of treatment efficacy (CATE Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research van der Lely H K J (1994 Canonical linking rules: Forward vs reverse linking in normally developing and specifically language impaired children Cognition van der Lely H K J (1996 Specifically language impaired and normally developing children: Verbal passives vs adjectival passive sentence interpretation Lingua van der Lely H K J (1998 in children: Movement economy and deficits in the computationalsyntactic system Language Acquisition van der Lely H K J & Battell J (003 Wh-Movement in children with Grammatical-: A test of the RDDR hypothesis Language van der Lely H K J & Christian V (000 Lexical word formation in Grammatical children: A grammar-specific or input-processing deficit? Cognition van der Lely H K J & Harris M (1990 Comprehension of reversible sentences in specifically language impaired children Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorder Varlokosta S & Armon-Lotem S (1998 Resumptives and Wh-movement in the acquisition of relative clauses in Modern Greek and Hebrew Proceeding of the nd Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development Zurif E Swinney D Prather P Wingfield A & Brownell H (1995 The allocation of memory resources during sentence comprehension: Evidence from the elderly Journal of Psycholinguistics Research
2013 ISSN: JATLaC Journal 8: t 1. t t Chomsky 1993 I Radford (2009) R I t t R I 2. t R t (1) (= R's (15), p. 86) He could have helped
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