M098 Carson Elementary and Intermediate Algebra 3e Section 11.1
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1 M098 Carson Eleentary and Interediate Algebra e Section 11.1 Objectives 1. Use the square root principle to solve quadratic equations.. Solve quadratic equations by copleting the square. Vocabulary Pri Knowledge Solve quadratic equations by facting. New Concepts 1. Use the square root principle to solve quadratic equations. Until now, all quadratic equations have been carefully chosen so that they could be solved by facting. Obviously, not every quadratic equation can be facted, so in Chapter 11, we learn soe other ethods that will allow us to solve all quadratic equations. Reeber, we epect solutions to quadratic equations because of the ter. Again, let s look at soe eaples. If =, then = = -. If y = 6, then y = 6 y = -6. How can we get the answers if the proble isn t one that we can figure out in our head? Notice the f: a perfect square isolated on the left side of the equation and no variable to the first power. Then take the square root of both sides, reebering that there will be two answers. So we always use ± in front of the radical on the right side. Eaple 1: both sides to reove the square. Reeber the ± in front = ± 9 There are two solutions: 9 and -9. Eaple : a 0 a 0 both sides to reove the square. Reeber the ± in front a There are two solutions: 9 and -9. These are eaples of the Square Root Property. Reeber that solving an equation is a process of undoing the operations on the variable. Addition and subtraction undo each other, ultiplication and division undo each other and now powers and roots undo each other. V. Zabrocki 011 page 1
2 M098 Carson Eleentary and Interediate Algebra e Section 11.1 Eaple : The perfect square is not isolate. Clear the fractions and then isolate. 1 both sides to reove the square. Reeber the ± in front 1 Rationalize the radical and siplify The eaples we ve just looked at are the siplest kind: the perfect square was a onoial. The process is the sae if the base is a binoial. Eaple : a 6 9 a 6 9 The perfect square binoial is isolated, so take the square root of both sides to reove the square. Reeber the ± in front a + 6 = ± Solve f a. a = -6 ± Write the -6 in front of the ±. a = -6 + a = -6 a = - a = -9 Notice the shthand ethod (the ±) of writing the cases. When you use this shtcut, always put the nuber you bring to the right side in front of the ± sign. V. Zabrocki 011 page
3 M098 Carson Eleentary and Interediate Algebra e Section 11.1 Eaple : Isolate the perfect square binoial. 1 both sides to reove the square. Reeber the ± in front 1 1 Solve f. Place the -1 in front of the ± Eaple 6: t 8 t 8 both sides to reove the square. Reeber the ± in front t i Siplify the radical. Rewrite the iaginary nuber using i. t i Solve f t. t i t i. Solve quadratic equations by copleting the square. As was entioned earlier, very few quadratic equations can be facted. Even fewer of the coe in the f we saw in the last section: a perfect square equal to soe nuber. However, ALL quadratic equations can be changed into that f by a process called Copleting the Square. Let's start by looking at soe perfect square trinoials: ( + 6) = (y - ) = y - 8y + 16 (a + ) = a + 6a + 9 V. Zabrocki 011 page
4 M098 Carson Eleentary and Interediate Algebra e Section 11.1 Here are soe patterns you should notice: 1. the coefficient of the squared ter is always 1.. The constant ter is always equal to 1/ the coefficient of the iddle ter squared. 1/ (1) = 6 6 = 6 1/ (8) = = 16 1/ (6) = = 9. Notice the constant ter in the binoial on the left side. It is always equal to 1/ the iddle ter on the right side.. Notice the signs: The sign in the binoial is the sae as the first sign of the trinoial. The last sign of the trinoial is always positive. You can use this knowledge to rewrite ANY quadratic equation. Copleting the Square Procedure 1. The coefficient of squared ter ust be 1, so divide each ter by the coefficient of the ter.. Move the constant to the other side of the equation. (Leave space to add a ter on each side.). Take half of the coefficient of the ter and square it.. Add this aount to both sides of the equation.. Rewrite the left side as a perfect square using one half of the coefficient of the -ter as the nuber in the binoial and siplify the right side. 6. Use the square root property. (Reeber!! ). Finish the solution. Eaple : The coefficient of squared ter is already Move the constant to the other side of the equation. (Leave space to add a ter on each side.) 1 10 Take half of the coefficient of the ter and square it Add this aount to both sides of the equation. 1 Rewrite the left side as a perfect square using one half of the coefficient of the -ter as the nuber in the binoial and siplify the right side. 1 Use the square root property. (Reeber!! ) 1 Finish the solution. V. Zabrocki 011 page
5 M098 Carson Eleentary and Interediate Algebra e Section 11.1 Eaple 8: The coefficient of squared ter ust be 1, so divide each ter by the coefficient of the ter. 0 Move the constant to the other side of the equation. = (Leave space to add a ter on each side.) 1 9 Take half of the coefficient of the ter and square it. 9 Add this aount to both sides of the equation. Rewrite the left side as a perfect square using one half of the coefficient of the -ter as the nuber in the binoial and siplify the right side. Use the square root property. (Reeber!! ) Finish the solution. V. Zabrocki 011 page
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