DAEδALUS. A Path to Measuring δ CP Using Cyclotron Decay-at-Rest Neutrino Sources. NOW 2012 Matt Toups, MIT. M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
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1 DAEδALUS A Path to Measuring δ CP Using Cyclotron Decay-at-Rest Neutrino Sources NOW 2012 Matt Toups, MIT M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
2 A two-part talk: 1. The experimental design for the flagship measurement: CP Violation 2. Implementing a phased approach with rich physics, highlighting: The IsoDAR sterile neutrino program (Phase II) M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
3 A two-part talk: 1. The experimental design for the flagship measurement: CP Violation 2. Implementing a phased approach with rich physics, highlighting: The IsoDAR sterile neutrino program (Phase II) M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
4 ( ) ( ) 2 ν μ Oscillations at 2π E L ~ Δm ν e Are Sensitive to δ CP 13 in a vacuum We want to see if δ is nonzero } terms depending on mixing angles } terms depending on mass splittings M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
5 in a vacuum Use L/E Dependence Of P( ν ν ) μ e to Extract δ CP We want to see if δ is nonzero } terms depending on mixing angles } terms depending on mass splittings M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
6 The Traditional Approach To Appearance: Single neutrino source ( ν ) Multiple neutrino detectors at different baselines e ν e The DAEδALUS Approach To Appearance: Multiple neutrino sources at different baselines Single neutrino detector M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
7 δ = π/2 δ = 0 Distance Constrains Initial flux Near Neutrino Source Constrains rise of probability wave Mid-distance Neutrino Source Osc. maximum Far Neutrino Source Single Ultra-large Detector _ With Free Protons as IBD (ν e + p e + + n) Targets (Oil or Water) M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
8 The DAEδALUS Neutrino Source π + decay-at-rest (DAR) beam: p + C Shape driven by nature! ν e ν μ Only the normalization varies from beam to beam ν μ A great _ place _ to search for ν μ ν e M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
9 δ = π/2 δ = 0 8 km 20 km Constrains Initial flux Near Neutrino Source Constrains rise of probability wave Mid-distance Neutrino Source Osc. maximum at ~40 MeV Far Neutrino Source ν μ ν e Three Identical Beams ν μ M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
10 1.5 km Accelerator 8 km Accelerators 20 km Accelerators Beam Off Beam Off 100μs 400μs 100μs 400μs 100μs 100μs 400μs 400μs 100μs 100μs 100μs 400μs 100μs 400μs 100μs Constrains Initial flux Near Neutrino Source Constrains rise of probability wave Mid-distance Neutrino Source Osc. maximum Far Neutrino Source You need to know which One is providing the beam. So they have to turn on/off. The duty factor is flexible, But beam-off time is needed. M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
11 Measurement strategy: Using the near neutrino source measure absolute flux normalization with ν e -e events to ~1%, Also, measure the ν e C event rate. At far and mid-distance neutrino source, Compare predicted to measured ν e Cevent rates to get the relative flux normalizations between 3 sites For all three neutrino sources, given the known flux, fit for the ν μ ν e signal with δ as a free parameter M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
12 We use multiple Accelerator Units to produce our DAR beam, Constructed out of Cyclotrons, Which accelerate H 2 to 800 MeV p e - p Injector Cyclotron (Compact, resistive) Primary Cyclotron (Separated sector, super-conducting) Target/shielding The result is a decay-at-rest-flux That can be used for ν μ ν e searches M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
13 Submitted to NIM M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
14 Where can DAEδALUS run? LENA is an outstanding possibility! Coverage of CP violation parameter at LENA, 10 years 3σ evidence for CP violation This gets even better if it can be played against a conventional beam! M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
15 A two-part talk: 1. The experimental design for the flagship measurement: CP Violation 2. Implementing a phased approach with rich physics, highlighting: The IsoDAR sterile neutrino program (Phase II) M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
16 Design Principle: Plug-and-play DAEδALUS Near Site Ion source Injector Cyclotron Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump Mid Site (8 km) Ion source Injector Cyclotron Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump Ion source Injector Cyclotron Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump Far Site (20 km) Ion source Injector Cyclotron Target/ Dump Ion source Ion source Injector Cyclotron Injector Cyclotron Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump Target/ Dump M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
17 The plug-and-play design of what we are building Ion source Injector Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump Leads to an obvious multiphase development plan M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
18 Phase I: The Ion Source Ion source Injector Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
19 The big issue Space Charge Effects If you inject a lot of charge here, it repels & beam blows up As radii get closer together, bunches at different radii interact To reduce the space charge at injection we use H 2 2 protons per unit p e - p of +1 charge Two options for extraction: - Stripping foil - Classical Electrostatic Septum M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
20 Ion Source: By our collaborators at INFN Catania. Produces sufficient H 2+! Beam to be characterized at Best Cyclotrons, Inc, Vancouver This winter (NSF funded) Test results to be available by Cyclotrons 13 Conference, Sept 2013, Vancouver M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
21 Open Issue: Lorentz stripping Can induce unacceptable losses of H 2 + beam in the 800 MeV SRC Should be OK as long as high vibrational states are eliminated We are doing tests at Oakridge to study vibrational states from ion sources M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
22 So: some important questions remain for DAEδALUS, But we have a workable ion source for a Phase II Ion source Injector Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump IsoDAR: A sterile neutrino experiment M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
23 So: some important questions remain for DAEδALUS, But we have a workable ion source for a Phase II Ion source Injector Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump IsoDAR: A sterile neutrino experiment Accepted for publication in PRL M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
24 Base Design Injector: 60 5 ma of H 2 + Industry (IBA, BEST) produces ~1 ma p machines for isotope production: M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
25 At 60 MeV/n, we can use this to make isotopes that beta-decay-at-rest IsoDAR 8 Li 8 Be + e - + ν e In liquid scintillator ν e e + p n M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
26 _ Use this low-energy pure ν e source to search for sterile neutrinos! 1 kton LS detector 16.5 m Potential locations: KamLAND, SNO+, Borexino M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
27 Outstanding sensitivity to sterile neutrinos à la the reactor neutrino anomaly 95% C.L can be ruled out at > 5σ in 4 months of running! Ability to discriminate between models! (5 years of running) M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
28 Along with sterile neutrino searches Searches for new particles produced in dump Studies of antineutrino-electron scattering More ideas welcome! The science capability is outstanding. This is of interest to the medical isotope industry! This moves DAEδALUS forward! M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
29 Phases III and IV Ion source Base Design Injector Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump Establish the standard system And the the high-power system M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
30 DAEδALUS Near Site Mid Site (8 km) Ion source Ion source Injector Cyclotron Injector Cyclotron Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump Target/ Dump Phase III: SRC & Target/Dump; Near Accelerator Physics Program Many exciting possibilities for a near accelerator physics program: Short-baseline neutrino oscillation waves in ultra-large liquid scintillator detectors Agarwalla, S. et. al. JHEP 12 (2011), 85 Coherent neutrino scattering in dark matter detectors Anderson A., et. al. Phys. Rev. D 84, (2011) Active-to-sterile neutrino oscillations with neutral current coherent neutrino scattering Anderson, A. et. al. Phys. Rev. D 86, (2012) Measurement of the weak mixing angle with neutrino-electron scattering at low energy Agarwalla, S. and P. Huber JHEP 8 (2011), 59 M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
31 DAEδALUS Near Site Mid Site (8 km) Ion source Ion source Injector Cyclotron Injector Cyclotron Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump Target/ Dump Phase III: SRC & Target/Dump; Near Accelerator Physics Program Far Site (20 km) Ion source Ion source Ion source Ion source Injector Cyclotron Injector Cyclotron Injector Cyclotron Injector Cyclotron Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump Target/ Dump Target/ Dump Target/ Dump Phase IV: Modifications to SRC for high-power running at mid & far sites; CP violation Program M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
32 Summary Ion source Injector Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Target/ Dump Existing Prototype, Tests Funded & Ongoing. Advanced Design, Proposing A physics Program: IsoDAR 1 st Engineering Design soon to undergo external review Least Advanced, But based On past designs M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
33 Conclusions DAEδALUS Is A phased program with strong physics along the way (especially the IsoDAR sterile neutrino search!) Being brought to you by an international collaboration of accelerator and particle physicists, with input from Industry M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
34 Other Slides M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
35 We will use 1 MW targets (we can use multiple targets) Design is well understood from past DAR experiments Light target embedded in a heavy target π+ μ+ Also, no upstream targets!!! p p carbon π M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
36 Our proposed 800 MeV cyclotron is very similar to the existing Riken, Japan, cyclotron: Our first engineering design from MIT-PFSC Technology and Engineering Division will be available this autumn M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
37 Some other useful articles (beyond those already highlighted) M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
38 What proton energy is required? There is a Delta plateau where you can trade energy for current to get the same rate of ν/mw <600 MeV too little π + production Delta Plateau proton energy (MeV) >1500 MeV energy goes into producing other particles besides π + at a significant level M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
39 Design work By A. Calanna Beam envelope, No energy spread, 1% spread M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
40 To produce the 800 MeV protons, we use Cyclotrons: Inexpensive, Practical below ~1 GeV Good if you don t need short timing structure Typically single energy Taps into existing industry We use an isochronous cyclotron design (magnetic field changes with radius) Allows multi-bunch acceleration M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
41 The most challenging aspect: The Superconducting Ring Cyclotron Original design For ADS/thorium reactor applications, see web for our talk at M. Toups, MIT -- NOW
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