AP Physics I Summer Assignment

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1 Name P Physics I Summer ssignment 1. Scientific Notation: The following are ordinary physics problems. Write the answer in scientific notation and simplify the units (π=3). a. T s = 2π kg kg s 2 T s = b. F = ( N m2 ) ( C)( C) F = C 2 (0.384m) 2 c. 1 R p = Ω Ω R p = d. K max = ( J s) ( s ) J K max = e. γ = m s m s γ = f. K = 1 ( kg)( m s) 2 K = g. (1.33) sin 25.0 = 1.50) sin θ θ = P Physics I, Summer ssignment 1

2 2. Solving Equations: Often problems on the P exam are done with variables only. Solve for the variable indicated. Don t let the different letters confuse you. Manipulate them algebraically as though they were numbers. a. K = 1 2 kx2 f. sin θ = n 1 n 2 x= b. v 2 = v o 2 + 2a(s s o ) θ= g. F g = G m 1m 2 r 2 a= c. x m = mλl d r= h. mgh = 1 2 mv2 d= d. = μ oi 2πr v= i. x = x o + v o t at2 r= t= e. pv = nrt j. 1 f = 1 s o + 1 s f T= s f = P Physics I, Summer ssignment 2

3 3. Conversion Science uses the KMS system (SI: System Internationale). KMS stands for kilogram, meter, second. These are the units of choice of physics. The equations in physics depend on unit agreement. So you must convert to KMS in most problems to arrive at the correct answer. kilometers (km) to meters (m) and meters to kilometers gram (g) to kilogram (kg) centimeters (cm) to meters (m) and meters to centimeters millimeters (mm) to meters (m) and meters to millimeters Celsius ( o C) to Kelvin (K) atmospheres (atm) to Pascals (Pa) nanometers (nm) to meters (m) and metes to nanometers liters (L) to cubic meters (m 3 ) micrometers ( m) to meters (m) Other conversions will be taught as they become necessary. What if you don t know the conversion factors? Colleges want students who can find their own information (so do employers). You need to be able to convert units easily. Feel free to use other resources to convert the units, but be comfortable with doing these conversions on your own. a g = kg b. 4.7 km = m h m = m c. 628 nm = m i cm = m d. 418 K = o C j m = km e m = cm k mm = m f. 3.55x10-8 m = mm l. 1.73x10-7 m = nm g. 1.2 atm = Pa m. 8.3x10 11 m = km P Physics I, Summer ssignment 3

4 4. Geometry Solve the following geometric problems. a. Line touches the circle at a single point. Line extends through the center of the circle. i. What is line in reference to the circle? ii. How large is the angle between lines and? b. What is angle C? c. What is angle θ? d. What is angle θ? d. What is the area under the line on the right (in sq. meters)? P Physics I, Summer ssignment 4

5 5. Trigonometry Using the generic triangle to the right, Right Triangle Trigonometry and Pythagorean Theorem solve the following. Your calculator must be in degree mode. a. Θ = 55 and c= 35 m, solve for a and b b. Θ = 38 and a=15 m/s, solve for b and c c. b = 14.7 m and Θ = 68, solve for a and c d. a = 230 m and b= 190 m, solve for Θ and c e. a = 25 cm and c = 32 cm, solve for b and Θ f. b = 67 cm and c = 108 cm, solve for a and Θ P Physics I, Summer ssignment 5

6 Vectors Most of the quantities in physics are vectors. This makes proficiency in vectors extremely important. Magnitude: Size or extend. The numerical value. Direction: lignment or orientation of any position with respect to any other position. Scalars: physical quantity described by a single number and units. quantity described by magnitude only. Examples: time, mass, and temperature Vector: physical quantity with both a magnitude and a direction. directional quantity. Examples: velocity, acceleration, force Notation: or Length of the arrow is proportional to the vectors magnitude. Direction the arrow points is the direction of the vector. Negative Vectors Negative vectors have the same magnitude as their positive counterpart. They are just pointing in the opposite direction. Vector ddition and subtraction Think of it as vector addition only. The result of adding vectors is called the resultant. R R + = R So if has a magnitude of 3 and has a magnitude of 2, then R has a magnitude of 3+2=5. When you need to subtract one vector from another think of the one being subtracted as being a negative vector. Then add them. negative vector has the same length as its positive counterpart, but its direction is reversed. So if has a magnitude of 3 and has a magnitude of 2, then R has a magnitude of 3+(-2)=1. This is very important. In physics a negative number does not always mean a smaller number. Mathematically 2 is smaller than +2, but in physics these numbers have the same magnitude (size), they just point in different directions (180 o apart). There are two methods of adding vectors Parallelogram + Tip to Tail R R R - - R P Physics I, Summer ssignment 6

7 6. Drawing Resultant Vectors Draw the resultant vector using the parallelogram method of vector addition. Example b. d. a. c. e. Draw the resultant vector using the tip to tail method of vector addition. Label the resultant as vector R Example 1: + R - Example 2: R f. X + Y X Y g. T S T S h. P + V P V i. C D C D 7 P Physics I, Summer ssignment

8 Component Vectors resultant vector is a vector resulting from the sum of two or more other vectors. Mathematically the resultant has the same magnitude and direction as the total of the vectors that compose the resultant. Could a vector be described by two or more other vectors? Would they have the same total result? This is the reverse of finding the resultant. You are given the resultant and must find the component vectors on the coordinate axis that describe the resultant. ny vector can be described by an x axis vector and a y axis vector which summed together mean the exact same thing. The advantage is you can then use plus and minus signs for direction instead of the angle. 7. Resolving a vector into its components For the following vectors draw the component vectors along the x and y axis. a. c b. d Obviously the quadrant that a vector is in determines the sign of the x and y component vectors P Physics I, Summer ssignment 8

Importance of Physics: Fundamental Science in Our Everyday Lives MY 22, 2014 Y NICK TOMSOVIC Unless you re a trained physicist or an engineering program graduate, chances are you don t realize how

9 Importance of Physics: Fundamental Science in Our Everyday Lives MY 22, 2014 Y NICK TOMSOVIC Unless you re a trained physicist or an engineering program graduate, chances are you don t realize how much this important science impacts our everyday life. Even reading this article wouldn t be possible without the physics-based ideas that played a huge role in the creation of computers and the internet. Every time you get in your car, you re taking advantage of yet another benefit of what is often considered the most fundamental of all science fields. We re going to go in-depth on these subjects and more to help you understand just how amazing and interesting physics truly is. Really understanding a science like physics will require some math skills in the long run, so make sure to brush up on your algebra with this course if it s something you d like to continue learning about. Maintaining Our Health Ever gotten your blood pressure checked at the doctor s office or local pharmacy? Chances are you have. lood pressure is one of the most basic measures of good health and when it s high, it serves as a warning for some pretty serious medical problems. ut did you realize that physics is what made that test possible? There s even a distinct branch of the science that deals specifically with medicine, known as medical physics. roken bones are found with x-rays, which are also a product of physics. If you re ever seen or gotten an ultrasound that shows a developing child in the womb, you were actually watching physics in action. Ultrasounds are crucial for getting an idea of a newborn baby s health and diagnosing any complications before birth. One of physics s other creations, the defibrillator, can literally be the difference between life and death for a patient suffering from cardiac arrest. The science is very important in anything radiation related, including radiation therapy, one of the more viable cancer treatments available. nd physics also deals heavily with lasers, which includes things like laser eye surgery. nd these are just a handful of the tons of incredibly important developments physics has contributed to medicine. Providing Energy Physics is absolutely huge when it comes to any and everything that we use for energy. Oil for fuel is extracted and processed largely through physics-based ideas. It s key for mining coal and using it power massive factories.

10 It s also essential in the research and implementation of cleaner and more environmentally friendly energy sources. Everything from nuclear power plants to solar powered cars require physics. Even windmills that generate electricity are designed to capture the wind at the perfect angle to avoid air resistance. Not to mention the electricity in homes that is considered a basic necessity in our current day and age. We rarely think about what is happening behind the plugs in the walls that we plug our electronics and chargers into. Electrical engineers are not only responsible for wiring your home, but they help electricity flow throughout your entire city. If it s hard for you to imagine what life would be like without electricity, try going a few hours without it. No lights, tv, radio, and even no refrigerated food! Physics is largely responsible for the systems that allow electricity to be harnessed, controlled, and used to power everything from your laptop to the little light in your refrigerator. Helping Us Communicate Did you know that physicists are largely credited with the creation of the internet? So not only would your smartphone or laptop not have power without physics, you wouldn t be able to access social media, , entertainment, or any of the other sites you browse daily and neither could anyone else. Imagine how much different life would be without the ability to communicate information across the world within seconds. I supposed we d have to go back to phones. Unfortunately, your smartphone would not be possible without physics. nd actually, neither would your basic land line not even the old rotary dial in your grandma s dining room. From electromagnetism to quantum optics, physics is simply indispensable to nearly every aspect of the way we currently communicate. Without it, we d probably still be stuck with horse messengers delivering our mail and news. Transporting People and Goods We already talked about the importance of physics in mining and using fuel, which powers our planes, trains, and automobiles. Without it, they simply wouldn t move. ut the role of physics in both our personal transportation and shipping goes even deeper than that. It s our understanding of the science that allows us to build planes that can fly in the first place. This is something that people figured was impossible until not so long ago in history because of the many factors and forces that come into play when trying to master flight. Since then, aerospace engineers come up with and continually improve designs for planes to make them more efficient and aerodynamic, which makes it possible to lift thousands of pounds 30,000 feet in the air. Today, we sometimes forget what an amazing accomplishment it is that there are thousands of huge hunks of metal carrying people through the sky and around the globe every day (around 100,000 flights per day!) Not only does it make all our different vehicles possible, we re continually improving how fast, efficient, and safe they are. Engineers in all fields rely largely upon physics when creating the contours of a sports car or designing a bullet train. nd don t even get us started on the complicated but fascinating field of space travel.

11 Developing Consumer Electronics Remember when we talked about how physics gave us the power and internet to use our computers? We re just getting started. Many of the main components of desktops and laptops needed an understanding of physics to be created. This includes the screen, the processor, and the hard drive or solid state drive the things that make a computer a computer, basically. Now, if this is true for your laptop, you can also assume that the screen on your TV was created with the same technology. nd the processor in your smart phone. nd the memory in your tablet. If you were paying attention, you ll also recall our comments about lasers and how they relate to physics. In electronics, that means CDs, DVDs, and luray players, which use lasers to read the media from the disc they re written on. Lasers are also used to print, copy, and fax documents, among other things. For example, infrared lasers (invisible to the human eye) are also used in remote controls, garage door safety sensors, night vision and heat vision goggles, and fiber-optic communications. Constructing uildings How does physics apply to building design and architecture? First of all, it helps determine the entire basic structure of a building. We use physics to find the best ways to support weight and keep everything stable and standing. It helps us understand which materials are most affected by heat, light, and water. y studying how vibrations affect different structures, we re able to design buildings that can withstand natural disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes. Imagine a city full of skyscrapers collapsing from a minor earthquake then take a second to thank physics that they don t. The science is largely responsible for our ability to push the limits and create the magnificent structures we see all around us today while keeping them safe to live and work in. Careers in architecture, civil engineering, and structural engineering all use physics to make sure buildings are built to a code to ensure the safety of others. Stimulating the Economy s you can probably already from all of the things we just told you, physics helps create a lot of jobs for a lot of people. Engineers, electricians, pilots, physicists, and the like land jobs directly based on the science. nd that doesn t even include all the careers made easier by physics, like doctors. eyond job creation, physics helps the economy grow in so many other ways. Oil is obviously a very big and valuable commodity around the world, not only as an export but to help fuel our own industries and keep costs low. Energy from coal and nuclear plants is also critical in providing power for the many other sectors that make up our economy. Speaking of exports, you can t trade without transportation. nd as we ve covered, we wouldn t have the same fast and efficient options for getting from point to without physics. How effective would today s businesses be without cell phones, conference calls, and ? Plus, consider how much the internet has shaped our economy. Some of our biggest companies are based entirely online and nearly every business relies on it for a good chunk of their marketing and sales. Many of the most famous entrepreneurs and businessmen of our time ill Gates, Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerburg might not even exist without the technology made possible by physics.

12 ssignment: Write a short paper that discusses how Physics relates to all of the other science courses you ve taken in high school (Earth Science or PES, iology, and Chemistry). Using the information in the article and from other resources, give examples of real-life applications of Physics that are used in each field. dditionally, discuss how life today would be different if we never studied physics. What jobs and technologies would not exists? How would our daily lifestyle be different? Your paper format should be 1-2 pages, single spaced, 12 pt font, 1 margins.

AP Physics 1 Summer Assignment

AP Physics 1 Summer Assignment P Physics Summer ssignment. Scientific Notation: The following are ordinary physics problems. Write the answer in scientific notation and simplify the units (π=3). a. T s 4. 50 kg. 0 0 kg s 3 = b. F Nm