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1 Ippen Lecure Kul Lumpur 207 Cellulr Auom n ecohydrulcs modelng: prncples scles nd pplcons Quwen Chen Nnng Hydrulc Reserch Insue Chn
2 PhD Progrm Rver Hydrulcs Por cos nd offshore. Wer resources Hydro-power engneerng Hydrulc srucures NHRI 00 km 5 km 50k m 80 km Chn Nonl Hydrulc Reserch Insue 300 km Nnng Hydrulc Reserch Insue MWR MOT NEA
3 . Prncples n connuous world Connuy nd homogeney n hydrodynmcs V ( ) 2 V V F P V V c c c c c c c u v w Dx D ( ) 2 y D 2 z S f 2 R c x y y x y z 0
4 . Prncples n dsconnuous world Peso-connuy nd homogeney n eco-dynmcs r() r mx C K C dn N rn( ) d K s Mchels-Menen Logsc growh dn d dp d rn NP cp NP Lok-Volerr S.E. Jorgensen Fund. of Ecol. Mod. 994 W.S. Gurney & R. Nsbe Ecol. Dyn. 998
5 . Prncples n dsconnuous world Fcs of quc eco-dynmcs: dsconnuy & heerogeney Dscree se: presence/bsence Locl vs. globl nercons Spl heerogeney Dsconnuous reproducon Dsconnuous predon
6 . Prncples n dsconnuous world Chllenges n lnkng flud dynmcs & eco-dynmcs Dscree se Indvdul dfference Locl nercons Innovve soluon o eco-hydrulcs modellng Cellulr uom: dscree n me nd spce reproduce complex spl-emporl dynmc perns by some smple locl nercon rules beween cells. f ( ) Indvdul bsed: descrbe ndvdul properes & behvours nercons beween ndvduls ndvdul & envronmens. Node (x y ) Node (x + y + ) Node (x + + y + + ) Node (x + y + ) y x (x y ) (x - y - )
7 A mhemcl sysem dscree n spce nd me 2 Conss of regulr lce of cells (uomon) 3 Ech cell hs fne possble ses 4 Cell se updes ccordng o locl nercons 5 Globl complex perns emerge hrough evoluons ) ( f ) ( f Locl behvours Splly explc Pchy phenomen Cellulr Auom. Prncples n dsconnuous world
8 . Prncples n dsconnuous world Cellulr Auom: neghbor scheme D Moore Von Neumnn 2D Moore Exended Moore Lce gs Trngulr Hexgon Mrgolus
9 . Prncples n dsconnuous world Cellulr Auom: nl condon In close uom nl condon s no sensve due o memoryless In open uom exernl governng fcor re ncorpored nl condon mus be correcly se Cellulr Auom: boundry condons In modellng prcce CA mus be fne nd hve boundres b b 0 b 0 Perod boundry Fxed boundry b b c c d b d Adbc boundry Reflecon boundry
10 ) ( f f: evoluon rules defne cell updng Sochsc Deermnsc Hybrd Usully olsc or ouer olsc rule re used ] [ ~ ~ n kn k n f C n n k n f C ) ( Cellulr Auom: evoluon rules. Prncples n dsconnuous world (Von Neumnn 949)
11 2. Scles n eco-hydrulc model Scles n hydrodynmc model Drec numercl smulon (DNS): x = /2 Kolmogorov lengh scle Lrge eddy smulon (LES): x > /2 x u Reynolds verged N-S smulon (RANS): engneerng scle C r (from Frmn Zl 2002 TUD)
12 2. Scles n eco-hydrulc model Scles n lce gs model or (wo prcles) (hree prcles) n ( x c ) n ( x ) [ n( x )] c (cos / 3sn / 3 ) u c / n ( x c ) n ( x ) un ( x c ) un ( x ) 2 ( u) ( u) u p u g( ) ( x ) N ( x ) 6 g( ) ( ) 2( ) un un x Boolen se hgh grden Wolfrm 984 Nure 3: ; Wolf-Gldrow 2000 LNM (Wolfrm 984)
13 Populon prey predor 2. Scles n eco-hydrulc model Scles n wo speces dynmc model 800 prey-predor populon dynmcs prey predor : men predon me nervl x: mxmum serchng rdus Qu e l 2008 Eco Inf 3: (cons: 58) Chen nd Myne. 2003SIMPRA : dn d Populon dynmcs Prey Predor rn NP dp d cp NP No x!! 0
14 2. Scles n eco-hydrulc model Scles n wo speces dynmc model Scenro Scenro 2 Men Sdv. Men Sdv. Prey Predor CA revels he embedded srucure sbly Improper spl scle ( x) crees refc perns Chen nd Myne. 2003SIMPRA :
15 2. Scles n eco-hydrulc model Herrchc scles n quc ecosysem Top Down Level + Level 0 BU Level - P.S. Gller e l. 994 Aquc ecology J. Wu & Dvd J.L. Eco Mod 53: 7-26
16 2. Scles n eco-hydrulc model Scles denfcon nd couplng Spl scle nlyss (Gussn feld) ( ) e x x x 0 0 ( x/ L) x x+x : correlon beween wo spl cells L: chrcersc scle of suded sysem level Spl scle nlyss (Wvele nlyss) 2 ( x) f ( x) g( x ) dx 2 ( ) ( ) x dx : scle fcor; : he pon round whch he Wvele s cenred.
17 2. Scles n eco-hydrulc model Scles denfcon nd couplng Hgh frequency componens: Upsclng Smple vergng: Weghed vergng: Power vergng: A( ) N N A( ) A( E') p( E') de' N p A( ) [ A ] N A p Low frequency componens: Downsclng Use up level componens s consrn o he dynmcs of he suded level f ( Neb For B ) Chen e l JHI8(3): ; Chen e l Eco Mod 99(): 73-82
18 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Rprn vegeon dynmcs Groundwer Anoxc/Oxc Lnd Inerfce Wer Zhu e l. Nure Geoscence
19 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Rprn vegeon dynmcs: flow pln dynmcs Source? N Y Y Norml growh Wek compeor? N Spce? Dormn Bomss+? Y N N N Germnon? Y Sress? Y Sress response Bomss Morly Compeon Wer level velocy Roughness Flow module Updng vegeon N Bomss * Y Colonze Bomss +
20 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Rprn vegeon dynmcs flow sress lg by( ) Y( ) / K Y( ) Lgh sress Growh re s < curren growh re Y ( ) ( loss) Y( ) Mddle sress Bomss loss bs sgn( r) sgn( r) ( loss) Y( ) 2 Bomss loss & cern morly Srong sress Ye F. e l. 200 Eco. Info. 5: 08-4 Lu R. e l. 204Scenfc Repor 4: 5507
21 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Rprn vegeon dynmcs speces compeon C Bwek Bsrong C B wek C wek B srong C srong srong wek = bomss chnge of wek compeng speces = source consumpon re of wek speces = bomss chnge of wek compeng speces = source consumpon re of srong speces Rprn vegeon dynmcs speces colonzon Ech speces hs mxmum colonzon exend dependng on speces physology nd fled survey resuls
22 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Flow Vegeon nercon To ech CA cell defne L b x c y 2 L bx c y 2 Lm m bm x cm y 2 k (xy) To ech CA cell he hydro-envron effec f ( cell) f ( x y) f ( ) L( ) f ( ) L( ) f ( k) L( k) where f: hydro-envronmen fcor nd ssumng homogenous n he cell Summer flood Boom roughness Flow velocy
23 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Vegeon Flow nercon Mehod d C d g( n n ) b R pln /3 2 ( k ) z( k ) Mehod 2 FD CdU 2 2 ( k) 3 S z ( k ) JFK Bes Suden Pper IAHR 2009 Vncouver Mehod 3 FD C du 2 2
24 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Vegeon Flow nercon p 2.. p.. 3 Rough ( P) rough ( ) n node cell n re() re(). n
25 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Flow Pln f () f ( x y ) pln pln c c f ( ) L f ( ) L f ( k) L hydro hydro hydro k Flow edge Tensn polygon Flow node Pln node Ye F. e l. 203 Ecohydrology 6(4): ( x yk xk y ) ( y yk ) x ( xk x ) y L ( x y) 2k ( xk y x yk ) ( yk y ) x ( x xk ) y L ( x y) 2k ( x y x y ) ( y y ) x ( x x ) y Lk ( x y) 2k Pln Flow 8 fhydro ( ) f pln ( n) w( n) n2 wn ( ) / n k
26 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Rprn vegeon dynmcs sudy re N Locon Mddle rech of Lng Rver: N 0 25 E Flow condon Flow drecon Pln smplng rnsecs 200 m Hgh ground Chnnel shelf nd brs ~200.2 :20~3720m 3 Vegeon survey Severl rnsecs were surveyed ech rnsec hve 5 squres n S shpe: Rumex Mrmus: Ner wer vergely 3/m 2 relvely ll. Leonurus Heerophyllus: ner he bnk wy from he wer. vergely /m 2 Polygonum Hydropper: In beween vergely 32/m 2 ~35/m 2
27 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Rprn vegeon dynmcs modeled speces R. Mrmus P. Hydropper L. Heerophyllus Rumex mrmus Polygonum hydropper Leonurus heerophyllus
28 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Rprn vegeon dynmcs flow sress Bomss (g) P. hydropper =824 b=0.2 K= Tme (d) Trnsform o dscree form: Y( ) by( ) Y( ) / K Y( ) Survvl re R. Mrmus P. Hydropper Survvl re Inundon dys Inundon dys
29 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Rprn vegeon dynmcs he scles Rpley L funcon x = r/2 = 9 hours
30 Relve wer level 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs P. hydropper dynmcs n 200 model vldon Relve wer level 200 Enre re Sprng flood
31 I. D. P. C. I. D. P. C. I. D. P. C. I. D. P. C. 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs P. hydropper rnsec n 200 model vldon Legend: (bove x-xs) smuled mesured
32 Relve wer level 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs R. mrmus dynmcs n 200 model vldon Relve wer level 200 Enre re Prolonged drough Sprng flood
33 I. D. P. C. I. D. P. C. I. D. P. C. I. D. P. C. 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs R. mrmus rnsec n 200 model vldon Dsnce (m) Dsnce (m) Dsnce (m) Dsnce (m) Legend: (bove x-xs) smuled mesured
34 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Rprn vegeon dynmcs model comprson log ( Y) w w.3704 mw mw d Y: coverge of vegeon (P. hydropper ) by he end of growh perod; : ro of nundon me; mw: mxmum nundon me; w: verged nundon deph; d: ground wer deph. C. Cmporele & Rdolf L. WRR 42: 045
35 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs CA model Ssc model 50 m 50 m Legend: Chnnel shelf nd brs Flow drecon Smpled rnsecs: Locon nd lengh of pln bel Qudrs wh <5% cover Smuled percen cover: 0% 00%
36 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs CA model Ssc model 50 m 50 m Legend: Chnnel shelf nd brs Flow drecon Smpled rnsecs: Locon nd lengh of pln bel Qudrs wh <5% cover Smuled percen cover: 0% 00%
37 Relve elevon (m) Relve elevon (m) Relve elevon (m) Relve elevon (m) 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Rprn vegeon dynmcs vegeon successon Sprng flood Sprng flood Dry seson We seson Dry seson We seson - -4 Jn Feb Mr Apr My Jun Jul Jn Feb Mr Apr My Jun -Jn -Feb -Mr -Apr -My -Jun -Jul -Jn -Feb -Mr -Apr -My -Jun -Jul Jul 30-2 Sprng flood 30-2 No ppren sprng floods Dry seson We seson - -4 Jn Feb Mr Apr My Jun Jul -JnJn -Feb Feb -Mr Mr -Apr Apr -My My -JunJun -Jul Jul Legend: upper bound consrned by sprng floods lower bound consrned by we seson floods -Jn -Feb -Mr -Apr -My -Jun -Jul -3 0 Dry seson We seson
38 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Rprn vegeon dynmcs vegeon successon Ye F. e l. 200 Eco Inf 5: 08-4; Lu R. e l. 204Scenfc Repor 4: 5507
39 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Rver mcronverebres nhbn: flow locl movemen N m Hgh ground Chnnel shelf nd brs Velocy Velocy Temperure Temperure Deph 30 Deph Flow drecon Pln smplng rnsecs Flow model Subly & Inercons CA hb Chen e l. 20 Eco. Info 6: Speces presence
40 Bomss (g AFDW m-2 ) 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Mcrophyes successon: vercl mxng locl compeon Pomogeon pecnus 400 Chr sper Growh pern Before 968 vrous speces Europhcon 970~989 lge nd Pomogeon pecnus Resoron 990~ Chr sper bck nd domnn Chrophye Pecnus Tme (dys) Chen nd Myne Eco Mod 47: (Cons: 53)
41 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Lke lge bloom: flow + wnd drfng lge pchness b 3.5 x 06 R (7.66 NO 0.044*WT 0.4* PO ) / (.2 (NO ) ) C R C 2 2 C C C : 2 hours n lge model; cell sze x: drfng speed Ln e l. 207 Eco. Mod. (submed) y (m) x (m) x 0 7
42 membershp Chl (ug/l) 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Cosl lgl bloom: curren lge pchness Delf3D-WAQ numercl module Exernl forcngs fuzzy logc * S + * S N dsnce (m) fuzzy cellulr uom 4 Chlorophyll- concenron (mg/m3) 02-Apr :00:00 7 x S dsnce (m) x L M H BLOOM II RCA Observons TIN (mg/l) Noordwk rnsec dsnce (km) Chen nd Myne 2006 Eco. Mod 99: 73-8 (Cons: 55)
43 3. Applcons n ecohydrulcs Splly-explc evluon of CA model R. Cosnz Ecol. Mod. 989 F F w n [ ] w 2 2 s 2w n w n w F e w e w k ( w) k ( w) s F = 0.66 Chen nd Myne 2003 Eco. Mod 62: (Cons: 42)
44 Fnl remrks () Through herrchcl scle couplng he flud dynmcs s lnked o quc eco-dynmcs (2) The dopon of cellulr uom offers novel pproch o descrbe quc eco-dynmcs feured by spl heerogeney locl nercons nd dscree processes (3) The developed ecohydrulc models provde brod rnge of pplcons wh promsng poenl.
45 The persons & he ph Prof. Arhur Myne Dr. Tony Mnns Ruonn L Fe Ye Koen Blncker Yuqng Ln Ru Hn Xoqng Zhng Qngru Yng
46 For more nformon 34 Huugun NHRI Chn
47
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