ELG4112. Electromechanical Systems and Mechatronics
|
|
- Bryce Henry
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ELG4112 Electromechanical Systems and Mechatronics 1
2 Introduction Based on Electromechanical Systems, Electric Machines, and Applied Mechatronics Electromechanical systems integrate the following: Electromechanical motion devices (actuators and sensors) Transducers (analog and digital) Power Electronics and Converters Controllers (analog and digital) Data Acquisition Systems The term mechatronics is used to denote a rapidly developing, interdisciplinary field of engineering based on a concurrent integrated concept, and used to perform analysis and design, optimization and control, implementation and deployment of electromechanical systems. It deals with the design of products whose function relies on the integration of mechanical and electronic components coordinated by a control architecture. 2
3 Electromechanics Actuators/Sensors Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Analysis/ Electronics Mechatronics (Intelligent Electro-Mechanical Systems) Modeling Computer/Software Engineering 3
4 Mechatronics Main Elements Simulation and Modeling + Automatic Control + Optimization + Actuators D/A Mechanical Systems Electrical Systems Computer Systems Sensors A/D Electromechanical Real Time Interfacing 4
5 Mechanical Systems Most mechatronic applications involve rigid-body systems, and the study of such systems relies on the following laws: Newtons s First Law: If the resultant force acting on a body is zero, then the body will remain at rest if originally was at rest or will move with constant speed in a straight line if originally in motion. Newton s Second Law: If the force acting on a body is not zero, then the body will have an acceleration proportional to the magnitude of the force. Newton s Third Law: The forces of action and reaction between bodies in contact have the same magnitude, line of action, and opposite sense. Newton s Law of Gravitation: Two bodies are attracted with equal and opposite forces and inversely proportional to the distance between them. Parallelogram Law: Two forces acting on a body may be replaced by a single resultant force obtained by drawing the diagonal of the parallelogram with sides equal to each of the two forces. Principle of Transmissibility: The equilibrium or motion of a rigid body remains unchanged if a force acting at a given point is replaced by a force of the same magnitude and direction but acting at a different point, provided that the two forces have the same line of action. 5
6 Electrical Systems The following electrical components are found in mechatronic applications: Motors and generators Sensors and actuators (transducers) Solid state devices Circuits (signal processing and conditioning; impedance matching; and amplifiers) Contact devices (relays; circuit breakers; switches; slip rings; fuses; and others Also mechatronic requires full understanding of DC and AC analysis Kirchhoff s voltage law (KVL) Kirchhoff s current law (KCL) Phasors Natural and forced response 6
7 Additionally We need Computer systems Sensors and actuators Sensors are required to monitor the performance of machines and processes. Sensing systems may be used to assess operations, inspect work, and identify parts and tools. These devices measure physical variables such as temperature, pressure, speed, force, torque, and acceleration. Actuators are another important component in mechatronic systems. Actuation means physical acting on the process. Actuators are usually electrical, mechanical, fluid power or pneumatic based. They transform electrical inputs into mechanical outputs such as force, angle, and position. Actuators may be Electromagnetic actuators (AC and DC motors, stepper motors, electromagnets) Fluid power actuators (hydraulics, pneumatics) Unconventional actuators (piezoelectric, for example) 7
8 Real Time Interfacing The main reason for the real-time interface is to provide data acquisition and control functions for the computer. The purpose of the acquisition function is to reconstruct a sensor waveform as a digital sequence and make it available to the computer software for processing. There are two types of real-time interface: external and internal bus systems. An internal bus system is computer specific and consists of a board, which plugs into the internal computer bus. The external bus system is computer independent system which is connected to the host computer through its serial port. This type of system is slow compared with the internal type. 8
9 Basic Foundations Mathematics: Basic principles of classical mathematics for computation of electrodynamic fields and its analogies in physics: Vector analysis with grad; div; curl; Laplace transform; and more! Mechanics: Motion of systems with the corresponding analysis of forces that cause motion. This is accomplished through the application of Newton s second law of motion, the net force (the vector sum of all forces) on an object of mass m is related to its acceleration vector: In the equation, m is the mass in kilogram (kg) of the body and a is the acceleration in meters per second square (m/s 2 ). Electromagnetics: Field theory; Maxwell equations in differential and integral form for wave applications; F = F = m a F 0 (a body is at equilibrium) q1q2 4πε x = 2 0 a x 9
10 Free Body Diagrams Creating the free body diagram is important step in the solution of problems in engineering mechanics. Any structure (or part of a structure) so defined may be characterized as a free-body diagram (FBD). The freebody diagram shows all the external loads acting on the FBD; all the unknown external moments or forces at the points where the FBD is connected to other structural elements (for example the reactions); and all the unknown internal moments or forces at points where a FBD is sectioned. If the free body diagram is completed, the unknown forces can be solved by using the equations of equilibrium. These are a set of equations, derived directly from Newton s second law. These equations state that the sum of forces in a system that is in static equilibrium must be zero. For a two dimensional system, the summation of forces in x- and y-axes equals to zero. 10
11 Mechanics Mechanics may be defined as a branch of the physics that deals with the state of bodies at rest or motion when subjected to action of forces. Generally, this subject is subdivided into three branches: rigid-body mechanics, deformable-body mechanics, and fluid mechanics. Rigidbody mechanics (known as engineering mechanics) is divided into two areas: static and dynamic. Static deals with the equilibrium of bodies, which are either at rest or move with constant velocity. However, dynamic is concerned with the accelerated motion of bodies. Although static might be considered as a special case of dynamics, in which the acceleration is zero, static deserves a particular handling in engineering education since many objects are designed with the desire that they remain in equilibrium. 11
12 Mechanics The study of the motion of systems with the corresponding analysis of forces that cause motion is of interest. Newtons s second in terms of the linear momentum, which is found as p = mv, is given by, where v is the vector of the object velocity. F = d p dt = d mv dt For rotational motion, the net torque and angular acceleration must be used. In particular the torque vector T T = r F The rotational analog of Newton s second law for a rigid body is, J is the moment of inertia (rotational inertia), α is the angular acceleration vector - T = J α 12
13 Electromagnetics Wherever electricity is generated, transmitted, distributed, or used, electric and magnetic fields are created, often at significant intensities, due to the presence and motion of electric charges. These artificial fields are generally seen around electric utilities, telecommunication facilities, consumer appliances, industrial and medical equipment, and other common sources. Fields also occur in nature, as in lightning, and in other phenomena such as the northern lights caused by the interaction of solar wind and the earth s magnetic field. Usually, electric and magnetic fields cannot be seen or felt, but they can be measured. Surrounding any wire or conductor that carries electricity, there exists both electric and magnetic fields. These fields often extend for substantial distances around the wire. Today, many man-made sources generate electric and magnetic energy as collective energy in the form of EM waves. These waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, which may interact differently with matters including biological materials. 13
14 Electric Fields E, also called electric field intensity, denotes electric field. Electric field exists whenever electric charges are present, which means, whenever electricity is in operation, or when positive and negative charges are separated. The potential difference due to this separation is called voltage. The voltage means work measured in joules per coulomb (J/C) needed to move a unit of electric charge between two points. It may be defined by the electric potential difference between two points. The voltage increases as more charges are separated; however, greater energy is released when the charges come together again. E fields are intensified by increasing the potential difference or by moving the opposing charges closer together. 14
15 Magnetic Fields The E field was explained by means of force between charges that act on a line between the charges. With the movement of charges, another kind of force on one another is exerted along the line between the charges. This force stands for the magnetic field intensity, denoted as H, which is a vector quantity created due to moving charges in free space or within conductors. Magnetic fields run perpendicular to the electric current. This means, while electric current runs in a straight line, magnetic fields surround the line in a circular fashion. They control the motion of moving charges. The unit of magnetic field is amperes per meter (A/m). If we have direct current (DC), the magnetic field will be steady, like that of a permanent magnet. If we have AC, the magnetic field will fluctuate at the same frequency as the E field; it becomes an EM field, because it contains both E and H fields. 15
16 Electromagnetic Induction In 1831, Michael Faraday in London found that a magnetic field could produce current in a closed circuit when the magnetic flux linking the circuit is changing. This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction. Faraday concluded from his experiment that the induced current was proportional, not to the magnetic flux itself, but to its rate of change. dψ dφ E induced = = N dt dt Ψ is the flux linkage Φ is the magnetic flux Φ = ε E 16
17 On Mathematical Modeling and Simulation In mathematical modeling, we try to establish functional relationships between entities which are important. A model imitates or reproduces certain characteristics of the actual-possibly on different scale. Any modeling task requires formulation of mathematical models suitable for computer simulation. Simulation is a technique that involves setting up a model of a real situation and performing experiments on the model. Or in other words, simulation is the process of solving any block diagram model on a computer Mathematical models may be classified in many ways: Linear or nonlinear Lumped or distributed parameters Static or dynamic Continuous or discrete. Modeling and simulation have important uses. They are good in situations where the actual system does not exist or is too expensive, or hazardous to build. 17
AP Physics C Mechanics Objectives
AP Physics C Mechanics Objectives I. KINEMATICS A. Motion in One Dimension 1. The relationships among position, velocity and acceleration a. Given a graph of position vs. time, identify or sketch a graph
More informationCOLLEGE PHYSICS Chapter 23 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION, AC CIRCUITS, AND ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGIES
COLLEGE PHYSICS Chapter 23 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION, AC CIRCUITS, AND ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGIES Induced emf: Faraday s Law and Lenz s Law We observe that, when a magnet is moved near a conducting loop,
More informationTorque on a Current Loop
Today Chapter 19 Magnetism Torque on a current loop, electrical motor Magnetic field around a current carrying wire. Ampere s law Solenoid Material magnetism Clicker 1 Which of the following is wrong?
More informationBasic Electrical Engineering SYLLABUS. Total No. of Lecture Hrs. : 50 Exam Marks : 80
SYLLABUS Subject Code: /25 No. of Lecture Hrs./ Week : 04 IA Marks : 20 Exam Hours : 03 Total No. of Lecture Hrs. : 50 Exam Marks : 80 Course objectives: Impart a basic knowledge of electrical quantities
More informationSliding Conducting Bar
Motional emf, final For equilibrium, qe = qvb or E = vb A potential difference is maintained between the ends of the conductor as long as the conductor continues to move through the uniform magnetic field
More informationfiziks Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES
Content-ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 1. Electrostatics (1-58) 1.1 Coulomb s Law and Superposition Principle 1.1.1 Electric field 1.2 Gauss s law 1.2.1 Field lines and Electric flux 1.2.2 Applications 1.3
More informationDHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
DHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SIRUVACHUR-621113 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT 2 MARK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SUBJECT CODE: EE 6302 SUBJECT NAME: ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
More informationHere are some internet links to instructional and necessary background materials:
The general areas covered by the University Physics course are subdivided into major categories. For each category, answer the conceptual questions in the form of a short paragraph. Although fewer topics
More informationMCE380: Measurements and Instrumentation Lab. Chapter 5: Electromechanical Transducers
MCE380: Measurements and Instrumentation Lab Chapter 5: Electromechanical Transducers Part I Topics: Transducers and Impedance Magnetic Electromechanical Coupling Reference: Holman, CH 4. Cleveland State
More informationELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Subject Code: EE Course Structure Sections/Units Section A Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Section B Section C Section D Section E Section F Section G Section H
More informationNCEES Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Examination ELECTRICAL EXAM SPECIFICATIONS
NCEES Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Examination ELECTRICAL EXAM SPECIFICATIONS Effective Beginning with the April 2009 Examinations The FE examination is an 8-hour supplied-reference examination: 120
More informationThe principles of conservation of energy and charge apply to electrical circuits. Properties of magnetic fields apply in nature and technology.
UIT E UMMARY KEY COCEPT CHAPTER UMMARY 11 The principles of conservation of energy and charge apply to electrical circuits. Electrical circuits Conventional current and electron flow Current, electrical
More informationAutomatic Control Systems. -Lecture Note 15-
-Lecture Note 15- Modeling of Physical Systems 5 1/52 AC Motors AC Motors Classification i) Induction Motor (Asynchronous Motor) ii) Synchronous Motor 2/52 Advantages of AC Motors i) Cost-effective ii)
More informationCHETTINAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY NH-67, TRICHY MAIN ROAD, PULIYUR, C.F , KARUR DT.
CHETTINAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY NH-67, TRICHY MAIN ROAD, PULIYUR, C.F. 639 114, KARUR DT. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING COURSE MATERIAL Subject Name: Electromagnetic
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF MECHANICS Mechanics may be defined as the physical science which describes and predicts the conditions of rest or motion of bodies under the action of force systems.
More informationFXA 2008 Φ = BA. Candidates should be able to : Define magnetic flux. Define the weber (Wb). Select and use the equation for magnetic flux :
1 Candidates should be able to : Define magnetic flux. Define the weber (Wb). Select and use the equation for magnetic flux : Φ = BAcosθ MAGNETIC FLUX (Φ) As we have already stated, a magnetic field is
More informationSolved Problems. Electric Circuits & Components. 1-1 Write the KVL equation for the circuit shown.
Solved Problems Electric Circuits & Components 1-1 Write the KVL equation for the circuit shown. 1-2 Write the KCL equation for the principal node shown. 1-2A In the DC circuit given in Fig. 1, find (i)
More informationThe ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
The ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD In the year 2003, it is still the case that the most important single scientific development for our world has been the understanding of the EM field. Although many played a role
More informationIntroduction. First Experiment
Course : Bsc Applied Physical Science(Computer Science) IInd Year (Semester IV) Paper no : 14 Paper title : Electromagnetic Theory Lecture No : 14 Tittle : Faraday s Law of Induction Introduction Hello
More informationCh 17 Problem Set 31. A toaster is rated at 600 W when connected to a 120-V source. What current does the toaster carry, and what is its resistance?
Ch 17 Problem Set 31. A toaster is rated at 600 W when connected to a 120-V source. What current does the toaster carry, and what is its resistance? 33. How many 100-W lightbulbs can you use in a 120-V
More informationAP Physics C Syllabus
Course Overview AP Physics C Syllabus AP Physics C will meet for 90 minutes on block scheduling and for 45 minutes on regular scheduling. Class activities will include lecture, demonstration, problem solving
More informationTOPIC: ELECTRODYNAMICS - MOTORS AND GENERATORS AND ALTERNATING CURRENT. (Taken from the DoE Physical Sciences Preparatory Examination Paper )
TOPIC: ELECTRODYNAMICS - MOTORS AND GENERATORS AND ALTERNATING CURRENT SECTION A: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS QUESTION 1: 13 minutes (Taken from the DoE Physical Sciences Preparatory Examination Paper 1 2008)
More informationCHAPTER 7 ELECTRODYNAMICS
CHAPTER 7 ELECTRODYNAMICS Outlines 1. Electromotive Force 2. Electromagnetic Induction 3. Maxwell s Equations Michael Faraday James C. Maxwell 2 Summary of Electrostatics and Magnetostatics ρ/ε This semester,
More informationDO PHYSICS ONLINE MOTORS AND GENERATORS FARADAY S LAW ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
DO PHYSICS ONLINE MOTORS AND GENERATORS FARADAY S LAW ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION English Michael Faraday (1791 1867) who experimented with electric and magnetic phenomena discovered that a changing magnetic
More informationADMISSION TEST INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PAVIA ADMISSION TEST INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION ENGINEERING September 26, 2016 The candidates are required to answer the following multiple choice test which includes 30 questions;
More informationElectromagnetic Field Theory (EMT) Lecture # 25
Electromagnetic Field Theory (EMT) Lecture # 25 1) Transformer and Motional EMFs 2) Displacement Current 3) Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Waves & Applications Time Varying Fields Until now, we have
More informationqq k d Chapter 16 Electric and Magnetic Forces Electric charge Electric charges Negative (electron) Positive (proton)
Chapter 16 Electric and Magnetic Forces Electric charge Electric charges Negative (electron) Positive (proton) Electrons and protons in atoms/molecules Ions: atoms/molecules with excess of charge Ions
More information1. An isolated stationary point charge produces around it. a) An electric field only. b) A magnetic field only. c) Electric as well magnetic fields.
1. An isolated stationary point charge produces around it. a) An electric field only. b) A magnetic field only. c) Electric as well magnetic fields. 2. An isolated moving point charge produces around it.
More informationChapter 29 Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter 29 Electromagnetic Induction In this chapter we investigate how changing the magnetic flux in a circuit induces an emf and a current. We learned in Chapter 25 that an electromotive force (E) is
More informationSt Olave s Physics Department. Year 11 Mock Revision Checklist
St Olave s Physics Department Year 11 Mock Revision Checklist The following checklists include all the topics that will be included in the Year 11 Mock exam. Students should use the tickboxes to check
More informationInduction and Inductance
Welcome Back to Physics 1308 Induction and Inductance Michael Faraday 22 September 1791 25 August 1867 Announcements Assignments for Tuesday, November 6th: - Reading: Chapter 30.6-30.8 - Watch Videos:
More informationMagnetic field and magnetic poles
Magnetic field and magnetic poles Magnetic Field B is analogically similar to Electric Field E Electric charges (+ and -)are in analogy to magnetic poles(north:n and South:S). Paramagnetism, Diamagnetism,
More informationLecture - 2A Instruments-I
Engineering Metrology Prof. J. Ramkumar Department of Mechanical Engineering & Design Programme Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Dr. Amandeep Singh Oberoi Department of Industrial & Production Engineering
More informationGCSE PHYSICS REVISION LIST
GCSE PHYSICS REVISION LIST OCR Gateway Physics (J249) from 2016 Topic P1: Matter P1.1 Describe how and why the atomic model has changed over time Describe the structure of the atom and discuss the charges
More informationSection 1 Electric Charge and Force
CHAPTER OUTLINE Section 1 Electric Charge and Force Key Idea questions > What are the different kinds of electric charge? > How do materials become charged when rubbed together? > What force is responsible
More informationThe basic principle to be used in mechanical systems to derive a mathematical model is Newton s law,
Chapter. DYNAMIC MODELING Understanding the nature of the process to be controlled is a central issue for a control engineer. Thus the engineer must construct a model of the process with whatever information
More informationPhysics 202 Chapter 31 Oct 23, Faraday s Law. Faraday s Law
Physics 202 Chapter 31 Oct 23, 2007 Faraday s Law Faraday s Law The final step to ignite the industrial use of electromagnetism on a large scale. Light, toasters, cars, TVs, telephones, ipods, industrial
More informationRevision Guide for Chapter 15
Revision Guide for Chapter 15 Contents Revision Checklist Revision otes Transformer...4 Electromagnetic induction...4 Lenz's law...5 Generator...6 Electric motor...7 Magnetic field...9 Magnetic flux...
More informationElectromagnetism. Topics Covered in Chapter 14:
Chapter 14 Electromagnetism Topics Covered in Chapter 14: 14-1: Ampere-turns of Magnetomotive Force (mmf) 14-2: Field Intensity (H) 14-3: B-H Magnetization Curve 14-4: Magnetic Hysteresis 14-5: Magnetic
More informationElectric Circuit Theory
Electric Circuit Theory Nam Ki Min nkmin@korea.ac.kr 010-9419-2320 Chapter 1 Circuit Variables Nam Ki Min nkmin@korea.ac.kr 010-9419-2320 1.1 Electrical Engineering 3 Electrical Engineering Electrical
More informationElectromagnetic Induction
362 Mechanical Engineering Technician UNIT 7 Electromagnetic Induction Structure 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Faraday s laws of Electromagnetic Induction 7.3. Lenz s law 7.4. Fleming s right and rule 7.5. Self
More informationIntroduction to Electromagnetism
Introduction to Electromagnetism Electric Field Lines If a charge feels an electrostatic force (Coulombic Force), it is said to be in an electric field. We like to represent electric fields with lines.
More informationr where the electric constant
1.0 ELECTROSTATICS At the end of this topic, students will be able to: 10 1.1 Coulomb s law a) Explain the concepts of electrons, protons, charged objects, charged up, gaining charge, losing charge, charging
More informationRevision Guide for Chapter 15
Revision Guide for Chapter 15 Contents tudent s Checklist Revision otes Transformer... 4 Electromagnetic induction... 4 Generator... 5 Electric motor... 6 Magnetic field... 8 Magnetic flux... 9 Force on
More informationCURRENT-CARRYING CONDUCTORS / MOVING CHARGES / CHARGED PARTICLES IN CIRCULAR ORBITS
PHYSICS A2 UNIT 4 SECTION 4: MAGNETIC FIELDS CURRENT-CARRYING CONDUCTORS / MOVING CHARGES / CHARGED PARTICLES IN CIRCULAR ORBITS # Questions MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY 1 What is a magnetic field? A region in
More informationYear 10 End of Year Examination Revision Checklist
St Olave s Physics Department Year 10 of Year Examination Revision Checklist The following checklists include all the topics that will be included in the Year 10 of Year exam. Students should use the tickboxes
More informationAP PHYSICS 2 FRAMEWORKS
1 AP PHYSICS 2 FRAMEWORKS Big Ideas Essential Knowledge Science Practices Enduring Knowledge Learning Objectives ELECTRIC FORCE, FIELD AND POTENTIAL Static Electricity; Electric Charge and its Conservation
More informationAP Physics Electromagnetic Wrap Up
AP Physics Electromagnetic Wrap Up Here are the glorious equations for this wonderful section. This is the equation for the magnetic force acting on a moving charged particle in a magnetic field. The angle
More informationSECTION 3 BASIC AUTOMATIC CONTROLS UNIT 12 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
SECTION 3 BASIC AUTOMATIC CONTROLS UNIT 12 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Unit Objectives Describe the structure of an atom. Identify atoms with a positive charge and atoms with a negative charge. Explain
More informationME 515 Mechatronics. Overview of Computer based Control System
ME 515 Mechatronics Introduction to Sensors I Asanga Ratnaweera Department of Faculty of Engineering University of Peradeniya Tel: 081239 (3627) Email: asangar@pdn.ac.lk Overview of Computer based Control
More informationTexas A & M University Department of Mechanical Engineering MEEN 364 Dynamic Systems and Controls Dr. Alexander G. Parlos
Texas A & M University Department of Mechanical Engineering MEEN 364 Dynamic Systems and Controls Dr. Alexander G. Parlos Lecture 6: Modeling of Electromechanical Systems Principles of Motor Operation
More informationwe can said that matter can be regarded as composed of three kinds of elementary particles; proton, neutron (no charge), and electron.
Physics II we can said that matter can be regarded as composed of three kinds of elementary particles; proton, neutron (no charge), and electron. Particle Symbol Charge (e) Mass (kg) Proton P +1 1.67
More informationAP Physics C Unit 11: Electromagnetic Induction. Part 1 - Faraday s Law and Lenz s Law
AP Physics C Unit 11: Electromagnetic Induction Part 1 - Faraday s Law and Lenz s Law What is E/M Induction? Electromagnetic Induction is the process of using magnetic fields to produce voltage, and in
More informationAP Physics C. Magnetism - Term 4
AP Physics C Magnetism - Term 4 Interest Packet Term Introduction: AP Physics has been specifically designed to build on physics knowledge previously acquired for a more in depth understanding of the world
More informationPart 4: Electromagnetism. 4.1: Induction. A. Faraday's Law. The magnetic flux through a loop of wire is
1 Part 4: Electromagnetism 4.1: Induction A. Faraday's Law The magnetic flux through a loop of wire is Φ = BA cos θ B A B = magnetic field penetrating loop [T] A = area of loop [m 2 ] = angle between field
More informationPower System Stability and Control. Dr. B. Kalyan Kumar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
Power System Stability and Control Dr. B. Kalyan Kumar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Power System Stability
More information1. Write the relation for the force acting on a charge carrier q moving with velocity through a magnetic field in vector notation. Using this relation, deduce the conditions under which this force will
More informationModule I Module I: traditional test instrumentation and acquisition systems. Prof. Ramat, Stefano
Preparatory Course (task NA 3.6) Basics of experimental testing and theoretical background Module I Module I: traditional test instrumentation and acquisition systems Prof. Ramat, Stefano Transducers A
More informationMansfield Independent School District AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Year at a Glance
Mansfield Independent School District AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Year at a Glance First Six-Weeks Second Six-Weeks Third Six-Weeks Lab safety Lab practices and ethical practices Math and Calculus
More informationr where the electric constant
0. Coulomb s law a) Explain the concepts of electrons, protons, charged objects, charged up, gaining charge, losing charge, grounding and charge conservation. b) Describe the motion of point charges when
More informationSummary of changes (certificate to new GCSE)
Summary of changes (certificate to new GCSE) This resource outlines the main changes that have been made to the assessment and subject content from our current Level 1/2 Certificate in Physics to the new
More informationModeling of Electromechanical Systems
Page 1 of 54 Modeling of Electromechanical Systems Werner Haas, Kurt Schlacher and Reinhard Gahleitner Johannes Kepler University Linz, Department of Automatic Control, Altenbergerstr.69, A 4040 Linz,
More informationWhere k = 1. The electric field produced by a point charge is given by
Ch 21 review: 1. Electric charge: Electric charge is a property of a matter. There are two kinds of charges, positive and negative. Charges of the same sign repel each other. Charges of opposite sign attract.
More informationJoy of Science Discovering the matters and the laws of the universe
Joy of Science Discovering the matters and the laws of the universe Key Words Universe, Energy, Quantum mechanics, Chemical reaction, Structure of matter Unless otherwise noted, copied pictures are taken
More informationMAGNETIC EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
CHAPTER 13 MAGETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRET In this chapter, we will study the effects of electric current : 1. Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) Oersted showed that electricity and magnetism are related
More informationChapter 6: Momentum Analysis
6-1 Introduction 6-2Newton s Law and Conservation of Momentum 6-3 Choosing a Control Volume 6-4 Forces Acting on a Control Volume 6-5Linear Momentum Equation 6-6 Angular Momentum 6-7 The Second Law of
More informationINF5490 RF MEMS. LN03: Modeling, design and analysis. Spring 2008, Oddvar Søråsen Department of Informatics, UoO
INF5490 RF MEMS LN03: Modeling, design and analysis Spring 2008, Oddvar Søråsen Department of Informatics, UoO 1 Today s lecture MEMS functional operation Transducer principles Sensor principles Methods
More informationAP PHYSICS 1 BIG IDEAS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES
AP PHYSICS 1 BIG IDEAS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES KINEMATICS 3.A.1.1: The student is able to express the motion of an object using narrative, mathematical, and graphical representations. [SP 1.5, 2.1, 2.2]
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
UNIT-III INTRODUCTION: In our study of static fields so far, we have observed that static electric fields are produced by electric charges, static magnetic fields are produced by charges in motion or by
More informationBaccalieu Collegiate. Physics Course Outline
Baccalieu Collegiate Physics 3204 Course Outline Course Content: Unit 1: Force, Motion and Energy From the first intellectual musings of the human species came questions which are answered in this unit.
More informationElectricity. From the word Elektron Greek for amber
Electricity From the word Elektron Greek for amber Electrical systems have two main objectives: To gather, store, process, transport information & Energy To distribute and convert energy Electrical Engineering
More informationEqual Pitch and Unequal Pitch:
Equal Pitch and Unequal Pitch: Equal-Pitch Multiple-Stack Stepper: For each rotor stack, there is a toothed stator segment around it, whose pitch angle is identical to that of the rotor (θs = θr). A stator
More informationOutline of College Physics OpenStax Book
Outline of College Physics OpenStax Book Taken from the online version of the book Dec. 27, 2017 18. Electric Charge and Electric Field 18.1. Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge Define
More informationElectrical polarization. Figure 19-5 [1]
Electrical polarization Figure 19-5 [1] Properties of Charge Two types: positive and negative Like charges repel, opposite charges attract Charge is conserved Fundamental particles with charge: electron
More informationMAGNETIC PROBLEMS. (d) Sketch B as a function of d clearly showing the value for maximum value of B.
PHYS2012/2912 MAGNETC PROBLEMS M014 You can investigate the behaviour of a toroidal (dough nut shape) electromagnet by changing the core material (magnetic susceptibility m ) and the length d of the air
More information1 P a g e h t t p s : / / w w w. c i e n o t e s. c o m / Physics (A-level)
1 P a g e h t t p s : / / w w w. c i e n o t e s. c o m / Capacitance (Chapter 18): Physics (A-level) Every capacitor has two leads, each connected to a metal plate, where in between there is an insulating
More informationGLOSSARY OF PHYSICS TERMS. v-u t. a =
GLOSSARY OF PHYSICS TERMS Scalar: A quantity that has magnitude only. Vector: A quantity that has magnitude and direction. Speed is the distance travelled per unit time. OR the rate of change of distance.
More informationFundamental Principles
Fundamental Principles Newton s First Law: If the resultant force on a particle is zero, the particle will remain at rest or continue to move in a straight line. First Law: A. body will remain at rest
More informationUNIT-III Maxwell's equations (Time varying fields)
UNIT-III Maxwell's equations (Time varying fields) Faraday s law, transformer emf &inconsistency of ampere s law Displacement current density Maxwell s equations in final form Maxwell s equations in word
More information10 Measurement of Acceleration, Vibration and Shock Transducers
Chapter 10: Acceleration, Vibration and Shock Measurement Dr. Lufti Al-Sharif (Revision 1.0, 25/5/2008) 1. Introduction This chapter examines the measurement of acceleration, vibration and shock. It starts
More informationTECHNO INDIA BATANAGAR
TECHNO INDIA BATANAGAR ( DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING) QUESTION BANK- 2018 1.Vector Calculus Assistant Professor 9432183958.mukherjee@tib.edu.in 1. When the operator operates on
More informationS/N PHYSICS 5059 SCIENCE (PHYSICS) 5076 / 5077
1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES Understand that all physical quantities consist of a numerical magnitude and a unit 2 SI UNITS Recall the base quantities and their units: o Mass (kg) o Length (m) o Time (s) o Current
More informationLecture 19. Measurement of Solid-Mechanical Quantities (Chapter 8) Measuring Strain Measuring Displacement Measuring Linear Velocity
MECH 373 Instrumentation and Measurements Lecture 19 Measurement of Solid-Mechanical Quantities (Chapter 8) Measuring Strain Measuring Displacement Measuring Linear Velocity Measuring Accepleration and
More informationElectromagnetism. Electricity Electromagnetism Magnetism Optics. In this course we are going to discuss the fundamental concepts of electromagnetism:
Electromagnetism Electromagnetism is one of the fundamental forces in nature, and the the dominant force in a vast range of natural and technological phenomena The electromagnetic force is solely responsible
More informationKutztown Area School District Curriculum (Unit Map) High School Physics Written by Kevin Kinney
Kutztown Area School District Curriculum (Unit Map) High School Physics Written by Kevin Kinney Course Description: This introductory course is for students who intend to pursue post secondary studies.
More informationSummary of changes. 4.1 Forces Forces and their interactions. Previous GCSE Physics. Section. What s changed. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3
Summary of changes This resource outlines the main changes that have been made to the assessment and subject content from our previous GCSE Physics (4403) to the new specification (8463). Our new specifications
More information*Definition of Mechanics *Basic Concepts *Newton s Laws *Units
INTRODUCTION *Definition of Mechanics *Basic Concepts *Newton s Laws *Units Mechanics may be defined as the physical science which describes and predicts the conditions of rest or motion of bodies under
More informationChapter 23 Magnetic Flux and Faraday s Law of Induction
Chapter 23 Magnetic Flux and Faraday s Law of Induction 1 Overview of Chapter 23 Induced Electromotive Force Magnetic Flux Faraday s Law of Induction Lenz s Law Mechanical Work and Electrical Energy Generators
More informationChapter 12. Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Chapter 12 Magnetism and Electromagnetism 167 168 AP Physics Multiple Choice Practice Magnetism and Electromagnetism SECTION A Magnetostatics 1. Four infinitely long wires are arranged as shown in the
More informationDefinition Application of electrical machines Electromagnetism: review Analogies between electric and magnetic circuits Faraday s Law Electromagnetic
Definition Application of electrical machines Electromagnetism: review Analogies between electric and magnetic circuits Faraday s Law Electromagnetic Force Motor action Generator action Types and parts
More informationMagnetostatics III. P.Ravindran, PHY041: Electricity & Magnetism 1 January 2013: Magntostatics
Magnetostatics III Magnetization All magnetic phenomena are due to motion of the electric charges present in that material. A piece of magnetic material on an atomic scale have tiny currents due to electrons
More informationEngineering Mechanics Prof. U. S. Dixit Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati
Engineering Mechanics Prof. U. S. Dixit Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Module No. - 01 Basics of Statics Lecture No. - 01 Fundamental of Engineering Mechanics
More informationChapter 22. Induction
Chapter 22 Induction Induced emf A current can be produced by a changing magnetic field First shown in an experiment by Michael Faraday A primary coil is connected to a battery A secondary coil is connected
More informationChapter 30. Induction and Inductance
Chapter 30 Induction and Inductance 30.2: First Experiment: 1. A current appears only if there is relative motion between the loop and the magnet (one must move relative to the other); the current disappears
More informationCollege Physics B - PHY2054C
Force on a Torque on a College - PHY2054C & 09/29/2014 My Office Hours: Tuesday 10:00 AM - Noon 206 Keen Building Outline Force on a Torque on a 1 Force on a Torque on a 2 3 4 Force on a Torque on a Force
More informationPhysics for Scientists and Engineers 4th Edition 2017
A Correlation and Narrative Summary of Physics for Scientists and Engineers 4th Edition 2017 To the AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Course Description AP is a trademark registered and/or owned
More informationwhere G is called the universal gravitational constant.
UNIT-I BASICS & STATICS OF PARTICLES 1. What are the different laws of mechanics? First law: A body does not change its state of motion unless acted upon by a force or Every object in a state of uniform
More information4.7 Magnetism and electromagnetism
4.7 Magnetism and electromagnetism Electromagnetic effects are used in a wide variety of devices. Engineers make use of the fact that a magnet moving in a coil can produce electric current and also that
More informationIndex. Index. More information. in this web service Cambridge University Press
A-type elements, 4 7, 18, 31, 168, 198, 202, 219, 220, 222, 225 A-type variables. See Across variable ac current, 172, 251 ac induction motor, 251 Acceleration rotational, 30 translational, 16 Accumulator,
More informationPhysics For Scientists and Engineers A Strategic Approach 3 rd Edition, AP Edition, 2013 Knight
For Scientists and Engineers A Strategic Approach 3 rd Edition, AP Edition, 2013 Knight To the Advanced Placement Topics for C *Advanced Placement, Advanced Placement Program, AP, and Pre-AP are registered
More information