Joy of Science Discovering the matters and the laws of the universe

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Joy of Science Discovering the matters and the laws of the universe"

Transcription

1 Joy of Science Discovering the matters and the laws of the universe Key Words Universe, Energy, Quantum mechanics, Chemical reaction, Structure of matter Unless otherwise noted, copied pictures are taken from wikipedia.org

2 Quiz

3 Quiz 1 n A measure of the ability of a material to absorb heat is referred as its 1. thermal energy 2. heat capacity 3. heat transfer 4. temperature

4 Quiz 1 n A measure of the ability of a material to absorb heat is referred as its 1. thermal energy 2. heat capacity 3. heat transfer 4. temperature

5 Quiz 2 n Which of the following statements is not consistent with the second law of thermodynamics? 1. All isolated systems will tend to remain ordered indefinitely 2. Heat will not flow spontaneously from a cold body to a hot body 3. No engine is one hundred percent efficient in converting energy to work 4. The evolution of more complicated forms of life on Earth does not annul the second law

6 Quiz 2 n Which of the following statements is not consistent with the second law of thermodynamics? 1. All isolated systems will tend to remain ordered indefinitely 2. Heat will not flow spontaneously from a cold body to a hot body 3. No engine is one hundred percent efficient in converting energy to work 4. The evolution of more complicated forms of life on Earth does not annul the second law

7 Quiz 3 n A device that converts stored energy into the kinetic energy of electrons passing through an outside wire is called a(n) 1. battery 2. compass 3. electromagnet 4. motor

8 Quiz 3 n A device that converts stored energy into the kinetic energy of electrons passing through an outside wire is called a(n) 1. battery 2. compass 3. electromagnet 4. motor

9 November 14, 2016 Electricity and Magnetism What is lightning? Electrical charge, electricity, static electricity; Electrical field, Coulomb s law Magnet, magnetic force, magnetic field; Battery, AC, DC, electric motor

10 Contents n Introduction n Electricity, and Magnetism n Electromagnetism

11 Introduction - Static electricity - Movements of electrons

12 1. Introduction Newton s laws of motion tell us that nothing happens without a force. We have learned the law of gravity.

13 1. Introduction Newton s laws of motion tell us that nothing happens without a force. We have learned the law of gravity. However, Does gravity force explain how your hair tends to stand on end, or how does a compass needle swing around to the north?

14 1. Introduction Newton s laws of motion tell us that nothing happens without a force. We have learned the law of gravity. However, Does gravity force explain how your hair tends to stand on end, or how does a compass needle swing around to the north? àthese phenomena occur by a different type of forces in nature from Gravitational force

15 1. Introduction Newton s laws of motion tell us that nothing happens without a force. We have learned the law of gravity. However, Does gravity force explain how your hair tends to stand on end, or how does a compass needle swing around to the north? àthese phenomena occur by a different type of forces in nature from Gravitational force è Electrical or magnetic forces:

16 1. Introduction Newton s laws of motion tell us that nothing happens without a force. We have learned the law of gravity. However, Does gravity force explain how your hair tends to stand on end, or how does a compass needle swing around to the north? àthese phenomena occur by a different type of forces in nature from Gravitational force è Electrical or magnetic forces: Electromagnetic force!

17 Introduction Static Electricity Observations Rub a balloon filled with air on your hair. Then hold it up to a wall. The balloon will stay there by itself. Now rub two balloons on your hair, hold them by strings at the end and put them next to each other. They'll move apart.

18 Introduction Static Electricity Observations Rub a balloon filled with air on your hair. Then hold it up to a wall. The balloon will stay there by itself. Now rub two balloons on your hair, hold them by strings at the end and put them next to each other. They'll move apart.

19 Introduction Static Electricity Observations Rub a balloon filled with air on your hair. Then hold it up to a wall. The balloon will stay there by itself. Charged Charged Now rub two balloons on your hair, hold them by strings at the end and put them next to each other. They'll move apart. Charged Charged

20 Introduction Static Electricity Observations Rub a balloon filled with air on your hair. Then hold it up to a wall. The balloon will stay there by itself. Attractive Force Charged Charged Now rub two balloons on your hair, hold them by strings at the end and put them next to each other. They'll move apart. Charged Repulsive Force Charged

21 Introduction Static Electricity Observations Rub a balloon filled with air on your hair. Then hold it up to a wall. The balloon will stay there by itself. Attractive Force Charged Charged Now rub two balloons on your hair, hold them by strings at the end and put them next to each other. They'll move apart. Charged Repulsive Force Charged

22 Introduction Static Electricity (cont d) n Electrical charge: The objects in the given situation demonstrated in previous slide, are called charged, and they possess electrical charge. n Electricity: The force that moves such charged objects toward and away from each other is electricity (named after the Greek word for amber) n Static electricity: The electrical charge doesn t move once it has been placed. The force is called static electricity.

23 Introduction Movement of electrons 1 n There are two kinds of electrical charge: + and n All objects are made of fundamental building blocks called atoms, and all atoms are made up of smaller particles that have electrical charge. Neutral atom

24 Introduction n Any object, Atoms, Building blocks of atoms Any object Atom: nucleus + electrons (+) (-) Nucleus : + protons (positive) + neutrons (neutral) Electron: - (negative)

25 Introduction n Most atoms are electrically neutral è positive charge of nucleus cancels negative charge of electrons: number of (+) charges = number of (-) charges Example:

26 Introduction n Electrons are loosely bound to atoms In metal, electorons can move freely or can react with other elements. nucleus Nucleons tightly bound within the nucleus electron Loosely bound to the atom à can be stripped off à can be added to

27 Introduction Movement of electrons 2 * When electrons are stripped off of a material, ( # of (+) charges > # of (-) charges) the object has a net excess of positive charge è the object acquired a positive electrical charge * When extra electrons are added to it ( # of (+) charges < # of (-) charges) è the object acquired a negative electrical charge * + Attractive Force + + Repulsive Force

28 Electricity, and Magnetism - Electricity - Magnetism - Electric circuits

29 Electricity Coulomb s law Charles Augustin de Coulomb ( ), a French physicist, after a series of experiments, discovered that electrical force is very similar to the gravitational force. Coulomb s law n The force between any two electrically charged objects is proportional to the product of their charges divided by the square of the distance between them.

30 Electricity Coulomb s law (cont d) Coulomb s law Force (newtons) = F = k x 1 st charge x 2 nd charge distance 2 k x (q 1 x q 2 ) d 2 Distance d in meters, charge q in unit of electrical charge called coulomb (C), and k is the coulomb constant (9.00 X 10 9 newton-meter 2 /coulomb 2 ). We define 1 C as the charge on 6.24 X electrons.

31 Electricity Electric field Imagine that an electrical charge is sitting at a point.

32 Electricity Electric field Imagine that an electrical charge is sitting at a point. If you brought a second charged object to a spot near the first,

33 Electricity Electric field Imagine that an electrical charge is sitting at a point. If you brought a second charged object to a spot near the first, the second object would feel a force.

34 Electricity Electric field Imagine that an electrical charge is sitting at a point. If you brought a second charged object to a spot near the first, the second object would feel a force. Electrical field: Every charged object exerts forces on its surroundings to create an electric field.

35 Electricity Electric field (cont d) An electric force is represented by an electric field, with arrows that represent the direction and strength of the field at every point.

36 Magnetism Magnetism Just as electrical phenomena, we find another type of interesting phenomena in our nature, so called magnetism. Observations Ancient people learned about magnetism from naturally magnetized pieces of iron ore, which attract pieces of iron. The word magnet in Greek meant "stone from Magnesia, a part of ancient Greece.

37 Magnetism Magnetism Just as electrical phenomena, we find another type of interesting phenomena in our nature, so called magnetism. Observations Ancient people learned about magnetism from naturally magnetized pieces of iron ore, which attract pieces of iron. The word magnet in Greek meant "stone from Magnesia, a part of ancient Greece.

38 Magnetism Terms n Magnet: a piece of iron that attracts objects made of iron towards it n Magnetic force: a force described by magnetism n Magnetic Poles: Each end of a magnet is called a pole. One end points north and the other points south. The compass is the first magnetic device on record. 1. Every magnet has two poles 2. Like magnetic poles repel each other, while unlike poles attract

39 Magnetism Magnetic poles 1 Every magnet has two poles (di-poles) S N

40 Magnetism Magnetic poles 1 S N S monopole??? N monopole???

41 Magnetism Magnetic poles 1 Why Magnetic monopoles don t exist??? S N S monopole??? N monopole???

42 Magnetism Magnetic poles 2 n Earth is a giant magnet! One end of a compass points to one of its pole in the north, the other points to the south.

43 Magnetism Magnetic field 1 n Magnetic field: magnets display a curving field pattern n A magnetic force is represented in terms of a magnetic field, with arrows that indicate the direction and strength of magnetic forces at any point around the magnet

44 Iron filings show the pattern of magnetic field Magnetism Magnetic field 1 n Magnetic field: magnets display a curving field pattern

45 Magnetism Magnetic field 1 Iron filings show the pattern of magnetic field

46 Magnetism Magnetic field 2 n Earth s magnetic field

47 Magnetism Polar lights n Aurora is caused by particles from the Sun interacting with Earth s magnetic field

48 Magnetism No magnetic monopole Pairs of Poles n All magnets found in nature have both north and south poles There are no isolated magnetic poles in nature Or equivalently, There is no magnetic monopole in nature Why Magnetic monopoles don t exist? è Connection between electricity and magnetism!

49 Magnetism No magnetic monopole Pairs of Poles n All magnets found in nature have both north and south poles There are no isolated magnetic poles in nature Or equivalently, There is no magnetic monopole in nature Why Magnetic monopoles don t exist? è Connection between electricity and magnetism! Let s see the connection in the next section. Electromagnetism!

50 Electric circuit Electric Circuit Most of our contact with electricity comes from moving charges, not static electricity n Electrical current: a flow of charged particles n Battery: an electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy

51 Electric circuit Electric circuits 1 n Electric circuit: An unbroken path of material, called electrical conductors, that carries electricity (Ex. Copper wire). Closed path Energy source Device Every circuit consists of three parts: a source of energy (ex. battery), a closed path made of metal wire, and a device such as a motor or a light bulb.

52 Electric circuit Electric circuits 1 n Electric circuit (cont d): * The unit of the amount of electrical current that flows in a wire: ampere (amp) 1 amp of current = 1 coulomb of charge per second

53 Electric circuit Electric circuits 1 n Electric circuit (cont d): * Analogy between the current of water and electrical current electrical current passing through a circuit : water current flowing through a pipe voltage, pressure, by energy source in circuit : water pressure in plumbing system wires through electrons flow : pipes carrying water è Resistance of current depends on materials of wires

54 Electric circuit Electric resistance n Electrical resistance is measured in a unit called ohm è Higher the resistance, the more electric energy is converted into heat Ohm s law: voltage (volts) = current (amps) X resistance (ohms) V = I x R

55 Electric circuit Power of electric appliance n Power consumed by an electric appliance is equal to the product of the current and the voltage power (watts) = current (amps) X voltage (volts) P = I x V n Two kind of electric circuits * series circuit: all loads linked along a single loop (Ex. Christmas lights) * parallel circuit: different loads are situated on different wire loops

56 Electric circuit Lightning _ + + +

57 Electric circuit Lightning Lightning stroke is the electrical current between cloud and ground when collisions of particles in the clouds produce a negative charge at the bottom of the cloud and a corresponding build of positive charge in objects on the ground. _ + + +

58 Electromagnetism - Connection between electricity and magnetism - Electric effects from magnetism - Magnetic effects from electricity

59 Electromagnetism Connections between Electricity and Magnetism Electricity and Magnetism seem as different from each other, but in fact they are intimately related to each other!

60 Electromagnetism Magnetic effect from electricity 1 n Magnetic effect from electricity Whenever an electrical current flows through a wire a magnetic field appears around that wire

61 Electromagnetism Magnetic effect from electricity 1 n Magnetic effect from electricity Electrical current

62 Electromagnetism Magnetic effect from electricity 1 n Magnetic effect from electricity Induced magnetic field Electrical current

63 Electromagnetism Magnetic effect from electricity 1 n Magnetic effect from electricity Ampere s law Induced magnetic field Electrical current

64 Electromagnetism Magnetic effect from electricity 1 n Magnetic effect from electricity Whenever an electrical current flows through a wire à in an experiment, battery was connected to generate an electrical current a magnetic field appears around that wire à in the experiment, a compass needle on a nearby table moved

65 Electromagnetism Magnetic effect from electricity 2 n Electromagnet: We can create a magnetized piece of iron simply by running electrical current around a loop of wire èthe stronger the current, the stronger the magnetic field will be

66 Electromagnetism Magnetic effect from electricity 2 n Electromagnets: Ex) Electric motor: A pair of permanent magnets and a rotating loop of wire inside the poles of the magnets When the induced magnetic field faces the same pole (N-N and S-S) as the permanent magnet s, the motor rotates.

67 Electromagnetism Magnetic effect from electricity 2 n Electromagnets: Ex) Electric motor: Electrical energy à Machinery energy A pair of permanent magnets and a rotating loop of wire inside the poles of the magnets When the induced magnetic field faces the same pole (N-N and S-S) as the permanent magnet s, the motor rotates.

68 Electromagnetism Question: Why magnetic monopoles don t exist?

69 Electromagnetism Question: Why magnetic monopoles don t exist? Magnetism in nature is ultimately related to the arrangement of electrical charges rather than to anything to matter itself.

70 Electromagnetism Electrical effects from magnetism 1 n Electrical effects from magnetism Michael Faraday ( ) discovered that Electrical fields and electrical currents can be produced by changing magnetic fields.

71 Electromagnetism Electrical effects from magnetism 1 n Electrical effects from magnetism (cont d) Exp. setup Faraday placed two electromagnets two coils of wire-, then he watched that when an electrical current flowed through one of the coils of wire è a strong electrical current developed in the second coil of wire even though it was not connected to a battery

72 Electromagnetism Electrical effects from magnetism 1 n Electrical effects from magnetism (cont d) Exp. setup Faraday placed two electromagnets two coils of wire-, then he watched that when an electrical current flowed through one of the coils of wire (è when magnetic field appear) è a strong electrical current developed in the second coil of wire even though it was not connected to a battery

73 Electromagnetism Electrical effects from magnetism 1 n Electrical effects from magnetism Electrical fields and electrical currents can be produced by changing magnetic fields. Induced magnetic field Galvanometer: read induced electric current at the moment when the switch is on battery Two coils

74 Electromagnetism Electrical effects from magnetism 2 n Electrical effects from magnetism Ex) Electric generators: Electrical currents are produced by rotating coils between two poles of permanent magnets, in other words, by changing magnetic fields AC(alternating current): direction keeps alternating Ex) Home appliances DC (Direct current): in only one direction Ex) Produced by batteries

75 Electromagnetism Electrical effects from magnetism 2 n Electrical effects from magnetism Ex) Electric generators: AC generator DC generator

76 Electromagnetism Electrical effects from magnetism 2 n Electrical effects from magnetism Ex) Electric generators: Machinery energy àelectrical energy AC generator DC generator

77 Electromagnetism Maxwell s equations Electromagnetic force A fundamental force in nature n Maxwell s equations: Four fundamental laws of electricity and magnetism 1. Coulomb s law: like charges repel, unlike attract 2. There are no magnetic monopoles in nature 3. Magnetic phenomena can be produced by electrical effects 4. Electrical phenomena can be produced by magnetic effects

78 Next topic is, Waves and electromagnetic radiation : Chapter 3

Chapter 8. Electricity and Magnetism. Law of Charges. Negative/Positive

Chapter 8. Electricity and Magnetism. Law of Charges. Negative/Positive Chapter 8 Electricity and Magnetism Electricity and Magnetism (1) Electric Charge Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic

More information

HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE. Physical Science 7: Electricity & Magnetism

HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE. Physical Science 7: Electricity & Magnetism HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE Physical Science 7: Electricity & Magnetism WILLMAR PUBLIC SCHOOL 2013-2014 EDITION CHAPTER 7 Electricity & Magnatism In this chapter you will: 1. Analyze factors that affect the strength

More information

9. Which of the following is the correct relationship among power, current, and voltage?. a. P = I/V c. P = I x V b. V = P x I d.

9. Which of the following is the correct relationship among power, current, and voltage?. a. P = I/V c. P = I x V b. V = P x I d. Name: Electricity and Magnetism Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement. 1. Resistance is measured in a unit called the. a. ohm c. ampere b. coulomb d. volt 2. The statement

More information

Electricity. Year 10 Science

Electricity. Year 10 Science Electricity Year 10 Science What is electricity? The collection or flow of electrons in the form of an electric charge What is static electricity? A stationary electrical charge that is built up on the

More information

Magnets attract some metals but not others

Magnets attract some metals but not others Electricity and Magnetism Junior Science Magnets attract some metals but not others Some objects attract iron and steel. They are called magnets. Magnetic materials have the ability to attract some materials

More information

Electric charges. Basics of Electricity

Electric charges. Basics of Electricity Electric charges Basics of Electricity Electron has a negative charge Neutron has a no charge Proton has a positive charge But what is a charge? Electric charge, like mass, is a fundamental property of

More information

Electric Charges & Current. Chapter 12. Types of electric charge

Electric Charges & Current. Chapter 12. Types of electric charge Electric Charges & Current Chapter 12 Types of electric charge Protons w/ + charge stuck in the nucleus Electrons w/ - charge freely moving around the nucleus in orbits 1 Conductors Allow the easy flow

More information

Electromagnetism Review Sheet

Electromagnetism Review Sheet Electromagnetism Review Sheet Electricity Atomic basics: Particle name Charge location protons electrons neutrons + in the nucleus - outside of the nucleus neutral in the nucleus What would happen if two

More information

Electricity and Electromagnetism SOL review Scan for a brief video. A. Law of electric charges.

Electricity and Electromagnetism SOL review Scan for a brief video. A. Law of electric charges. A. Law of electric charges. Electricity and Electromagnetism SOL review Scan for a brief video The law of electric charges states that like charges repel and opposite charges attract. Because protons and

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Practice Exam 4 Sci1600 S18 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Two particles with the electric charges Q1 and Q2 repel each other.

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Practice Exam 4 Sci1600 S18 KEY Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Two particles with the electric charges Q1 and Q2 repel each

More information

Lesson Plan: Electric Circuits (~130 minutes) Concepts

Lesson Plan: Electric Circuits (~130 minutes) Concepts Lesson Plan: Electric Circuits (~130 minutes) Concepts 1. Electricity is the flow of electric charge (electrons). 2. Electric Charge is a property of subatomic particles. 3. Current is the movement of

More information

Chapter 4: The electromagnetic Interaction. Quizlet. Early observations. Lightning

Chapter 4: The electromagnetic Interaction. Quizlet. Early observations. Lightning Chapter 4: The electromagnetic Interaction Quizlet P2: When you run a hard rubber comb through your hair on a dry day, the hair stands up. It is also attracted to the comb. What interaction is at work?

More information

Magnetic Attraction and Electromagnetism. Spring 2011

Magnetic Attraction and Electromagnetism. Spring 2011 Magnetic Attraction and Electromagnetism Spring 2011 The Nature of Magnetism Magnets are found everywhere doorbells, TV s, computers Magnets were discovered in a region in Greece called.you guessed it

More information

Chapter19-Magnetism and Electricity

Chapter19-Magnetism and Electricity Chapter19-Magnetism and Electricity Magnetism: attraction of a magnet for another object. Magnetic poles: north & south ends of a magnet, they exert the strongest forces Like poles repel each other, unlike

More information

Electric Force and Charge. Electric Force and Charge. Electric Force and Charge. Electric Force and Charge. Electric Force and Charge

Electric Force and Charge. Electric Force and Charge. Electric Force and Charge. Electric Force and Charge. Electric Force and Charge Hewitt/Lyons/Suchocki/Yeh Conceptual Integrated Science Chapter 7 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Electric forces can attract some objects and repel others Electric charge: the fundamental quantity that underlies

More information

ELECTRICITY. Chapter ELECTRIC CHARGE & FORCE

ELECTRICITY. Chapter ELECTRIC CHARGE & FORCE ELECTRICITY Chapter 17 17.1 ELECTRIC CHARGE & FORCE Essential Questions: What are the different kinds of electric charge? How do materials become charged when rubbed together? What force is responsible

More information

Electricity (& Magnetism)

Electricity (& Magnetism) EA Notes (Scen 101), Tillery Chapter 6 Electricity (& Magnetism) Introduction First five chapters are "Newtonian Physics", mechanical explanations based on Newton's Laws applied to explain the motion of

More information

Electron Theory. Elements of an Atom

Electron Theory. Elements of an Atom Electron Theory Elements of an Atom All matter is composed of molecules which are made up of a combination of atoms. Atoms have a nucleus with electrons orbiting around it. The nucleus is composed of protons

More information

Electricity and Magnetism

Electricity and Magnetism Electricity and Magnetism S8P5. Students will recognize the characteristics of gravity, electricity, and magnetism as major kinds of forces acting in nature. b. Demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages

More information

Electron Theory of Charge. Electricity. 1. Matter is made of atoms. Refers to the generation of or the possession of electric charge.

Electron Theory of Charge. Electricity. 1. Matter is made of atoms. Refers to the generation of or the possession of electric charge. Electricity Refers to the generation of or the possession of electric charge. There are two kinds of electricity: 1. Static Electricity the electric charges are "still" or static 2. Current Electricity

More information

2 The science of electricity and magnetism

2 The science of electricity and magnetism 1 Introduction Electromagnetism is one of the fundamental interactions in nature. Its physical origin lies in a property possessed by elementary particles of matter electrons and protons called electric

More information

- Memorize the terms voltage, current, resistance, and power. - Know the equations Ohm s Law and the Electric Power formula

- Memorize the terms voltage, current, resistance, and power. - Know the equations Ohm s Law and the Electric Power formula E: Know Circuit Vocabulary (Short Answer) Level 2 Prerequisites: Know Circuit Vocabulary (Short Answer); Recognize Insulators and Conductors Objectives: - Memorize the terms voltage, current, resistance,

More information

Electrical Forces arise from particles in atoms.

Electrical Forces arise from particles in atoms. Electrostatics Electrical Forces arise from particles in atoms. The protons(+) in the nucleus attract the electrons and hold them in orbit Electrons(-)repel other electrons and protons repel other protons

More information

Electric Charge. Conductors A material that transfers charge easily Metals

Electric Charge. Conductors A material that transfers charge easily Metals Electric Charge An electrical property of matter that creates a force between objects. Like charges repel Opposite charges attract Equal amount of positive and negative = no net charge Electrons: Negative

More information

qq k d Chapter 16 Electric and Magnetic Forces Electric charge Electric charges Negative (electron) Positive (proton)

qq k d Chapter 16 Electric and Magnetic Forces Electric charge Electric charges Negative (electron) Positive (proton) Chapter 16 Electric and Magnetic Forces Electric charge Electric charges Negative (electron) Positive (proton) Electrons and protons in atoms/molecules Ions: atoms/molecules with excess of charge Ions

More information

Some differences: Some basic similarities: Charges. Electrons vs. Protons 4/3/15. Chapters 22-25: Electromagnetism!

Some differences: Some basic similarities: Charges. Electrons vs. Protons 4/3/15. Chapters 22-25: Electromagnetism! Chapters 22-25: Electromagnetism! Electric Force vs. Gravitational Force What properties does the gravitational force depend on? What properties does the electric force depend on? F grav = Gm 1 m 2 /d

More information

Electromagnetism and Light

Electromagnetism and Light Electromagnetism and Light Monday Properties of waves (sound and light) interference, diffraction [Hewitt 12] Tuesday Light waves, diffraction, refraction, Snell's Law. [Hewitt 13, 14] Wednesday Lenses,

More information

Electricity MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE

Electricity MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE Electricity MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE Electric charges Atoms and molecules can have electrical charges. These are caused by electrons and protons. Electrons are negatively charged. Protons are positively

More information

Electroscope Used to are transferred to the and Foil becomes and

Electroscope Used to are transferred to the and Foil becomes and Electricity Notes Chapter 17 Section 1: Electric Charge and Forces Electric charge is a variety of independent all with one single name. Electricity is related to, and both (-) and (+) carry a charge.

More information

Electromagnetism. Electricity Electromagnetism Magnetism Optics. In this course we are going to discuss the fundamental concepts of electromagnetism:

Electromagnetism. Electricity Electromagnetism Magnetism Optics. In this course we are going to discuss the fundamental concepts of electromagnetism: Electromagnetism Electromagnetism is one of the fundamental forces in nature, and the the dominant force in a vast range of natural and technological phenomena The electromagnetic force is solely responsible

More information

Conceptual Physical Science 6 th Edition

Conceptual Physical Science 6 th Edition Conceptual Physical Science 6 th Edition Chapter 8: STATIC AND CURRENT ELECTRICITY 1 Chapter 8: STATIC AND CURRENT ELECTRICITY Chapter 8: Read: All Homework: Four problems from the following set: 4, 6,

More information

ELECTRICITY Electric Fence Experiment.

ELECTRICITY Electric Fence Experiment. ELECTRICITY Electric Fence Experiment. Can you guess what will happen? What would life be like without electricity? List 4 things that you would miss the most: 1) 2) 3) 4) Positive and Negative Charge

More information

Section 1 Electric Charge and Force

Section 1 Electric Charge and Force CHAPTER OUTLINE Section 1 Electric Charge and Force Key Idea questions > What are the different kinds of electric charge? > How do materials become charged when rubbed together? > What force is responsible

More information

Review of Static Electricity

Review of Static Electricity Name: Block: Date: IP 614 Review of Static Electricity Central Concept: Stationary and moving charged particles result in the phenomena known as electricity and magnetism. 5.1 Recognize that an electric

More information

Electric Force and Charges. Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition. Electric Force and Charges

Electric Force and Charges. Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition. Electric Force and Charges Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition Central rule of electricity Opposite charges attract one another; like charges repel. Chapter 22: ELECTROSTATICS This lecture will help you understand: Electrical Forces

More information

Electricity. Part 1: Static Electricity

Electricity. Part 1: Static Electricity Electricity Part 1: Static Electricity Introduction: Atoms Atoms are made up of charged particles. Atoms are made of 3 subatomic particles: Electrons protons, electrons and neutrons. Protons () Charge

More information

B: Know Circuit Vocabulary: Multiple Choice Level 1 Prerequisites: None Points to: Know Circuit Vocabulary (Short Answer)

B: Know Circuit Vocabulary: Multiple Choice Level 1 Prerequisites: None Points to: Know Circuit Vocabulary (Short Answer) B: Know Circuit Vocabulary: Multiple Choice Level 1 Prerequisites: None Points to: Know Circuit Vocabulary (Short Answer) Objectives: - Memorize the definitions of voltage, current resistance, and power.

More information

Chapter 18 Study Questions Name: Class:

Chapter 18 Study Questions Name: Class: Chapter 18 Study Questions Name: Class: Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The region around a magnet in which magnetic forces

More information

PSC1341 Chapter 5 Electricity and Magnetism

PSC1341 Chapter 5 Electricity and Magnetism PSC1341 Chapter 5 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5: Electricity and Magnetism A. The Atom B. Electricity C. Static Electricity D. A circuit E. Current and Voltage F. Resistance G. Ohm s Law H. Power

More information

CHAPTER 15 ELECTRIC FORCE & FIELDS

CHAPTER 15 ELECTRIC FORCE & FIELDS CHAPTER 15 ELECTRIC FORCE & FIELDS We will look at the basic properties of electric charge. Electric charge comes in discrete units The total charge in the universe remains constant The force law that

More information

Chapter 7. Electricity. Teacher Answer Key. Broughton High School of Wake County

Chapter 7. Electricity. Teacher Answer Key. Broughton High School of Wake County Teacher Answer Key Broughton High School of Wake County 1 Chapter 7 Electricity Physical Science Vocabulary 2 Vocabulary for Chapter 7 Electricity Vocabulary Word Definition 1. Charging by Contact 2. Charging

More information

Read Chapter 7; pages:

Read Chapter 7; pages: Forces Read Chapter 7; pages: 191-221 Objectives: - Describe how electrical charges exert forces on each other; Compare the strengths of electric and gravitational forces; Distinguish between conductors

More information

Electrostatics. Do Now: Describe the Concept of charge

Electrostatics. Do Now: Describe the Concept of charge Electrostatics Do Now: Describe the Concept of charge Electrostatics The study of electrical charges that can be collected and held in one place Also referred to as static electricity Types of Charge:

More information

Electricity. Prepared by Juan Blázquez, Alissa Gildemann. Electric charge is a property of all objects. It is responsible for electrical phenomena.

Electricity. Prepared by Juan Blázquez, Alissa Gildemann. Electric charge is a property of all objects. It is responsible for electrical phenomena. Unit 11 Electricity 1. Electric charge Electric charge is a property of all objects. It is responsible for electrical phenomena. Electrical phenomena are caused by the forces of attraction and repulsion.

More information

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 5 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 1) ASSOCIATE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES WITH THEIR ELECTRICAL CHARGE

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 5 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 1) ASSOCIATE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES WITH THEIR ELECTRICAL CHARGE Name Date STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 5 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 1) ASSOCIATE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES WITH THEIR ELECTRICAL CHARGE Scientists now know that an atom is composed of even smaller particles of matter:

More information

Unit Two Worksheet Matter and Energy WS PS U2

Unit Two Worksheet Matter and Energy WS PS U2 Unit Two Worksheet Matter and Energy WS PS U2 Name Period Section 4.1 Matching. Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. 1. Chemical potential energy 2. Elastic potential energy 3.

More information

Name: Block: Date: NNHS Introductory Physics: MCAS Review Packet #4 Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course

Name: Block: Date: NNHS Introductory Physics: MCAS Review Packet #4 Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course I. C ONTENT S TANDARDS electricity and magnetism. 5.1 Recognize that an electric charge tends to be static on insulators

More information

*We studied the following types of En.: Potential and kinetic EX of potential is Chemical EX of kinetic is Temperature Another Ex of kinetic En is:

*We studied the following types of En.: Potential and kinetic EX of potential is Chemical EX of kinetic is Temperature Another Ex of kinetic En is: *We studied the following types of En.: Potential and kinetic EX of potential is Chemical EX of kinetic is Temperature Another Ex of kinetic En is: *Electrical Energy also called Electricity - ( the result

More information

3/9/2016. Chapter 25 Electric Charges and Forces. Chapter 25 Preview. Chapter 25 Preview

3/9/2016. Chapter 25 Electric Charges and Forces. Chapter 25 Preview. Chapter 25 Preview Chapter 25 Electric Charges and Forces Pickup PSE3e Photo from page 720, lightning (perhaps change the fonts and make this photo fill the entire slide) Chapter Goal: To describe electric phenomena in terms

More information

The object experiencing the field is called the TEST OBJECT

The object experiencing the field is called the TEST OBJECT A field is an invisible area of influence around an object If you place another object in the field it will experience a force 1 object is said to be causing the field The object experiencing the field

More information

Electricity. Chapter 21

Electricity. Chapter 21 Electricity Chapter 21 Electricity Charge of proton Positive Charge of electron Negative Charge of neutron NONE Atoms have no charge because the charges of the protons and electrons cancel each other out.

More information

WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF MOVING CHARGES?

WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF MOVING CHARGES? ELECTRICITY WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF MOVING CHARGES? ELECTRICAL CHARGES Most atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. They often lose and gain electrons. When this happens, the atom s charge

More information

Introduction. Upon completion of Basics of Electricity you will be able to: Explain the difference between conductors and insulators

Introduction. Upon completion of Basics of Electricity you will be able to: Explain the difference between conductors and insulators Table of Contents Introduction...2 Electron Theory...4 Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors...5 Electric Charges...7 Current...9 Voltage...11 Resistance...13 Simple Electric Circuit...15 Ohm s Law...16

More information

Big idea (age 11-14) PEM: Electricity and magnetism

Big idea (age 11-14) PEM: Electricity and magnetism Physics Big idea (age 11-14) PEM: Electricity and magnetism What s the big idea? The familiar everyday world we live in is largely a consequence of the properties and behaviour of electric charge. Matter

More information

Continuing the Analogy. Electricity/Water Analogy: PHY205H1F Summer Physics of Everyday Life Class 8: Electric Current, Magnetism

Continuing the Analogy. Electricity/Water Analogy: PHY205H1F Summer Physics of Everyday Life Class 8: Electric Current, Magnetism PHY205H1F ummer Physics of Everyday Life Class 8: Electric Current, Magnetism Flow of Charge Voltage, Current, Resistance Ohm s Law DC and AC Electric Power Light bulbs Electric Circuits Magnetic Force

More information

Learning Outcomes from Last Time. Class 3. Learning Outcomes. What Causes Forces -Two Experiments. What Causes Forces -Two Experiments

Learning Outcomes from Last Time. Class 3. Learning Outcomes. What Causes Forces -Two Experiments. What Causes Forces -Two Experiments Learning Outcomes from Last Time Class 3 Electrostatic Forces Physics 106 Winter 2018 Press CTRL-L to view as a slide show. You should be able to answer these questions: What is science? What is physics?

More information

ELECTRICITY. This chain is similar to the fire fighter's bucket brigades in olden times. But

ELECTRICITY. This chain is similar to the fire fighter's bucket brigades in olden times. But ELECTRICITY Electricity figures everywhere in our lives. Electricity lights up our homes, cooks our food, powers our computers, television sets, and other electronic devices. Electricity from batteries

More information

Name: Class: Date: 1. Friction can result in the transfer of protons from one object to another as the objects rub against each other.

Name: Class: Date: 1. Friction can result in the transfer of protons from one object to another as the objects rub against each other. Class: Date: Physics Test Review Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. Friction can result in

More information

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yc2-363miqs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yc2-363miqs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yc2-363miqs SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3 ELECTRICITY Remember: In the last unit we learned that all matter is made up of atoms atoms have subatomic particles called, protons, neutrons

More information

Electricity

Electricity Electricity Electric Charge There are two fundamental charges in the universe. Positive (proton) has a charge of +1.60 x 10-19 C Negative (electron) has a charge of 1.60 x 10-19 C There is one general

More information

1) The charge of an electron is. A) negative. B) positive. C) Electrons have no charge.

1) The charge of an electron is. A) negative. B) positive. C) Electrons have no charge. 1) The charge of an electron is A) negative. B) positive. C) Electrons have no charge. 2) Two like charges A) have no effect on each other. B) repel each other. C) must be neutrons. D) neutralize each

More information

Note on Posted Slides

Note on Posted Slides Note on Posted Slides These are the slides that I intended to show in class on Wed. Mar. 13, 2013. They contain important ideas and questions from your reading. Due to time constraints, I was probably

More information

History. The word electricity comes from the Greek elektron which means amber. The amber effect is what we call static electricity.

History. The word electricity comes from the Greek elektron which means amber. The amber effect is what we call static electricity. Electrostatics 1 History The word electricity comes from the Greek elektron which means amber. The amber effect is what we call static electricity. 2 ELECTROSTATICS the study of electric charges, forces

More information

ELECTRICAL FORCE UNIT NOTES

ELECTRICAL FORCE UNIT NOTES ELECTRICAL FORCE UNIT NOTES Property that causes electrical force is called Charge Opposite charges Attract Like charges Repel Charge comes from the atoms. Electrons are negative, protons are positive.

More information

Outline Chapter 6 Electricity and Magnetism Positive and Negative Charge Positive and Negative Charge

Outline Chapter 6 Electricity and Magnetism Positive and Negative Charge Positive and Negative Charge Outline Chapter 6 Electricity and Magnetism 6-1. Positive and Negative Charge 6-2. What is Charge? 6-3. Coulomb s Law 6-4. Force on an Uncharged Object 6-5. Matter in Bulk 6-6. Conductors and Insulators

More information

5. Positive charges one another.

5. Positive charges one another. 1. Electric field lines indicate A. Both direction and relative strength B. Neither direction nor strength 5. Positive charges one another. A. Repel B. Attract 2. Whether or not charges will move in a

More information

> What happens when the poles of two magnets are brought close together? > Two like poles repel each other. Two unlike poles attract each other.

> What happens when the poles of two magnets are brought close together? > Two like poles repel each other. Two unlike poles attract each other. CHAPTER OUTLINE Section 1 Magnets and Magnetic Fields Key Idea questions > What happens when the poles of two magnets are brought close together? > What causes a magnet to attract or repel another magnet?

More information

Electricity & Magnetism

Electricity & Magnetism Electricity & Magnetism Unit 7 Recall that Atoms l Have neutrons, protons, and electrons. l Protons are positively charged l Electrons are negatively charged l Opposite charges attract l Same charges repel

More information

Electricity & Magnetism. Unit 6

Electricity & Magnetism. Unit 6 Electricity & Magnetism Unit 6 Recall that Atoms l Have neutrons, protons, and electrons. l Protons are positively charged l Electrons are negatively charged l Opposite charges attract l Same charges repel

More information

What does it mean for an object to be charged? What are charges? What is an atom?

What does it mean for an object to be charged? What are charges? What is an atom? What does it mean for an object to be charged? What are charges? What is an atom? What are the components of an atom? Define the following: Electric Conductor Electric Insulator Define the following: Electric

More information

Section 1: Electric Charge and Force

Section 1: Electric Charge and Force Electricity Section 1 Section 1: Electric Charge and Force Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Electric Charge Transfer of Electric Charge Induced Charges Charging by Contact Electric Force Electric Field Lines

More information

Part 4: Electricity & Magnetism

Part 4: Electricity & Magnetism Part 4: Electricity & Magnetism Notes: Magnetism Magnetism Magnets: 1.Have a north and south pole 2.Like poles repel; opposite poles attract - The larger the distance between the magnets, the weaker the

More information

Vocabulary. Magnet. a material that can create magnetic effects by itself. Electromagnet

Vocabulary. Magnet. a material that can create magnetic effects by itself. Electromagnet Vocabulary Term Magnet Definition a material that can create magnetic effects by itself Electromagnet Magnets created by electric current flowing in wires. A simple electromagnet is a coil of wire wrapped

More information

4.7 Magnetism and electromagnetism

4.7 Magnetism and electromagnetism 4.7 Magnetism and electromagnetism Electromagnetic effects are used in a wide variety of devices. Engineers make use of the fact that a magnet moving in a coil can produce electric current and also that

More information

Electric Charge. Labs, Activities & Demonstrations: Notes: Unit: Electricity & Magnetism NGSS Standards: N/A

Electric Charge. Labs, Activities & Demonstrations: Notes: Unit: Electricity & Magnetism NGSS Standards: N/A Add Important Electric Charge Page: 44 NGSS Standards: N/A Electric Charge MA Curriculum Frameworks (006): 5.1, 5.4 AP Physics 1 Learning Objectives: 1.B.1.1, 1.B.1., 1.B..1, 1.B.3.1 Knowledge/Understanding

More information

Bell Ringer: Define to the best of your ability the definition of:

Bell Ringer: Define to the best of your ability the definition of: Bell Ringer: Define to the best of your ability the definition of: Potential Energy Electric Potential Energy Electric Circuit Current Voltage Resistance Coulomb Notes 7.1: Electrostatic Force This lesson

More information

MAGNETISM. B.Directions: Answer the following questions with a short answer. You may use the back of this sheet if you need more space.

MAGNETISM. B.Directions: Answer the following questions with a short answer. You may use the back of this sheet if you need more space. 1 Pre-Test A. Directions: Circle the word or phrase that completes the sentence. 1. If two bar magnets are brought near each other and they repel, then the poles of the magnets are the same. the poles

More information

Static Electricity Electrostatics

Static Electricity Electrostatics Behavior of charges Unlike charges attract Like charges repel A neutral object will attract both positive and negative charges Static Electricity Electrostatics 1 4 Static not moving. Electric charges

More information

Differentiate between AC and DC. Identify the most common source of DC voltage. Describe how to connect DC voltage sources so that voltages will add.

Differentiate between AC and DC. Identify the most common source of DC voltage. Describe how to connect DC voltage sources so that voltages will add. Objectives Explain the similarities and differences between Newton s law of universal gravitation and Coulomb s law. Explain how the force between two like charges and the force between two unlike charges

More information

Electricity Simplified

Electricity Simplified Electricity Simplified 0 people liked this 0 discussions READING ASSIGNMENT Electrical Circuits An electrical circuit is defined as a complete electrical path. A typical circuit includes four components:

More information

Magnetizing a substance

Magnetizing a substance Magnetism What is a magnet? Any material that has the property of attracting Iron (or steel), Nickel or Cobalt Magnets exert a force on other magnets or particles with an electrical charge Magnets may

More information

CHAPTER 20 Magnetism

CHAPTER 20 Magnetism CHAPTER 20 Magnetism Units Magnets and Magnetic Fields Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field; Definition of B Force on Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic

More information

7 th Grade Science Unit 5 NCFE Review

7 th Grade Science Unit 5 NCFE Review 7 th Grade Science Unit 5 NCFE Review Motion Mo#on: defined as a change in the posi#on of an object results in movement judged rela#ve to a reference point Speed the distance an object covers over #me

More information

Electricity Final Unit Final Assessment

Electricity Final Unit Final Assessment Electricity Final Unit Final Assessment Name k = 1/ (4pe 0 ) = 9.0 10 9 N m 2 C -2 mass of an electron = 9.11 10-31 kg mass of a proton = 1.67 10-27 kg G = 6.67 10-11 N m 2 kg -2 C = 3 x10 8 m/s Show all

More information

Electricity Courseware Instructions

Electricity Courseware Instructions Physics Electricity Courseware Instructions This courseware acts as a supplement to the classroom instruction. The five sections on the following slide link to the topic areas. Following the topic area

More information

Unit 10: Electrodynamics notes

Unit 10: Electrodynamics notes Name Period Unit 10: Electrodynamics notes Electrostatics is the study of charges at. Electrodynamics is the study of charges in. Lightning is a gigantic electric. This means to lose charge. Fill in the

More information

Transfer of Forces Classwork

Transfer of Forces Classwork Transfer of Forces Classwork 1. Describe what a force is. 2. List at least four forces that are observed in nature. 3. How are forces transferred between two objects if they are not in contact? 4. Describe

More information

4.2.1 Current, potential difference and resistance

4.2.1 Current, potential difference and resistance 4.2 Electricity Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter everywhere. Understanding the difference in the microstructure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators makes it possible to design

More information

2. How do electrically charged objects affect neutral objects when they come in contact?

2. How do electrically charged objects affect neutral objects when they come in contact? North arolina Testing Program EO Physical Science Sample Items Goal 4 1. When a plastic rod is rubbed with fur, the plastic rod becomes negatively charged. Which statement explains the charge transfer

More information

10th week Lectures March Chapter 12

10th week Lectures March Chapter 12 Electric charge. 10th week Lectures March 20. 2017. Chapter 12 Conductors and Insulators Coulomb law Electric field Electric Potential 3/20/2017 Physics 214 Spring 2017 1 Electric charge an atom has a

More information

Protons = Charge Electrons = Charge Neutrons = Charge. When Protons = Electrons, atoms are said to be ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL (no net charge)

Protons = Charge Electrons = Charge Neutrons = Charge. When Protons = Electrons, atoms are said to be ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL (no net charge) QUICK WRITE: For 2 minutes, write the three parts of an atom and what their charges are. Explain what creates an electric charge (positive or negative) on something. Rules - You MUST write for the entire

More information

Which of these particles has an electrical charge?

Which of these particles has an electrical charge? Which of these particles has an electrical charge? A. Proton. B. Electron. C. Ion. D. All of the above. Which is the predominant carrier of charge in copper wire? A. Proton. B. Electron. C. Ion. D. All

More information

ì<(sk$m)=beabid< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

ì<(sk$m)=beabid< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U Physical Science by Lillian Duggan Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content Nonfiction Sequence Captions Charts Diagrams Glossary Forms of Energy Scott Foresman Science 6.17 ì

More information

Unit 3. Electrostatics

Unit 3. Electrostatics Unit 3. Electrostatics Electricity throughout history Even though electricity is present in nature in many ways lightning is probably the most spectacular one, it has not been easy to interpret and understand

More information

An Introduction to Electricity and Circuits

An Introduction to Electricity and Circuits An Introduction to Electricity and Circuits Materials prepared by Daniel Duke 4 th Sept 2013. This document may be copied and edited freely with attribution. This course has been designed to introduce

More information

Electric Charge. Electric Charge ( q ) unbalanced charges positive and negative charges. n Units Coulombs (C)

Electric Charge. Electric Charge ( q ) unbalanced charges positive and negative charges. n Units Coulombs (C) Electric Charge Electric Charge ( q ) unbalanced charges positive and negative charges n Units Coulombs (C) Electric Charge How do objects become charged? Types of materials Conductors materials in which

More information

4.7.1 Permanent and induced magnetism, magnetic forces and fields. Content Key opportunities for skills development

4.7.1 Permanent and induced magnetism, magnetic forces and fields. Content Key opportunities for skills development 4.7 Magnetism and electromagnetism Electromagnetic effects are used in a wide variety of devices. Engineers make use of the fact that a magnet moving in a coil can produce electric current and also that

More information

Symbol Meaning unit. 2. k 3. q. 4. r. 5. E 6. R Total 7. 1/R Total 8. P 9. V 10. I 11. R. 12. Q 13. N 14. e 15. F magnetic 16. v 17.

Symbol Meaning unit. 2. k 3. q. 4. r. 5. E 6. R Total 7. 1/R Total 8. P 9. V 10. I 11. R. 12. Q 13. N 14. e 15. F magnetic 16. v 17. Name period 3 rd 9 weeks test PEOPLE and SYMBOLS practice Instructions: Work in groups following Quiz-Quiz-Trade activity Date: Monday 2/25/13 Write what each symbol means, including the unit Symbol Meaning

More information

Electricity Electrostatics Types of materials Charging an Object Van de Graaff Generator

Electricity Electrostatics Types of materials Charging an Object Van de Graaff Generator Electricity Electricity is the physical phenomena associated with the position or movement of electric charge. The study of electricity is generally divided into two areas electrostatics and current electricity.

More information