Baccalieu Collegiate. Physics Course Outline

Transcription

1 Baccalieu Collegiate Physics 3204 Course Outline Course Content: Unit 1: Force, Motion and Energy From the first intellectual musings of the human species came questions which are answered in this unit. A rock falls or is throw; the sun, moon, and stars move about in the heavens; a bird flies; fire consumes. Early civilizations explained the mysteries of the natural world with spiritual answers. By the Greco-Roman era, mathematics had advanced and more worldly theories were proposed. But it was the Renaissance and the Galilean method of doing science that began the classical period in physical science. Concepts of force, momentum, and energy; precise observations of orbital motions; and a mathematical system to handle rates of change led to explanations that satisfy all ordinary experiences. Taken from Physics 3204 Curriculum Guide 1.1 Horizontal and vertical motion of a projectile. Definition of projectile motion. Solving projectile motion problems by calculating v x and v y at any point along a path, the range, the maximum height and the final velocity. Sketching the x and y components for the displacement, velocity and acceleration vectors at any point along the projectile motion. Initial Velocity of a Projectile (CORE LAB #1). The Physics of Juggling (CORE STSE) 1.2 Newton s Laws of Motion in two dimensions. Problem solving involving a single object being pushed along a horizontal surface, with or without friction. Definition of inclined plane and coordinate rotation. Problem solving involving both frictional and non-frictional planes. Problem solving involving strings and pulleys (on both horizontal surfaces and inclined planes). 1.3 Uniform Circular Motion. Definitions of uniform circular motion (UCM) and centripetal acceleration including the use of the standard formulae for each (formulae may need to be used in combination). 1.4 Quantitative explanation of uniform circular motion using Newton s Laws. Definition of centripetal force. Problem solving involving centripetal force/acceleration on a horizontal surface and at the top and bottom of a vertical circle. Physics 3204 Page 1 of 7 Course Outline

2 Problem solving involving banked curves without friction. Centripetal Force and Centripetal Acceleration (CORE LAB #2). 1.5 Vector analysis in two dimensions for systems involving two or more masses, static equilibrium, and torques. Definition of static equilibrium. Definition of center of mass. Problem solving involving static equilibrium force. Equilibrium of Forces (CORE LAB #3). Definition of torque (moment of force). Calculating torque when forces are applied either perpendicular or at an angle. Solving static equilibrium problems balancing torques. Unit 2: Fields Target Date of Completion: Early December We have all had experience with contact forces. Forces that exert influence through space without contact are more difficult to visualize. Historically, the notion of a field of influence which could be mapped and within which results are predictable went a long way in explaining and relating a wide range of different forces. The field remains one of the major unifying concepts of physics. Taken from Physics 3204 Curriculum Guide 2.1 Gravitational Fields. Definition of a field. Definition of a gravitational field. Mapping gravitational fields, showing the field lines about a spherical object. 2.2 Static Electricity Definition of electrostatic forces. Describing the atom as the source of electrostatics. The law of electric charges. Operation of an electroscope. Charging by friction, contact and induction. The nature of electrical discharge. Difference between conductors and insulators. The Law of Electric Charges (CORE LAB #4). 2.3 Comparison and application of Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation and Coulomb s Law. Stating Coulomb s Law in word form and formula form. SI unit of charge. Explaining how the force between two charged particles depends on the value and types of the charges, and the separation between them. Using the Coulomb s Law formula to solve for any of the unknown variables involved when all others are known. Physics 3204 Page 2 of 7 Course Outline

3 Calculating the electric force on a charged particle due to the presence of other charges when (i) all charges are on a common straight line, and (ii) when these other charges are on perpendicular lines that intersect at the first charged particle. 2.4 Electric Fields Definition of an electric field (including an illustration of the source and direction of the lines of force). Electrical test charge. Operational definition for electrical field, including its SI unit. Problem solving given two of the electric field, the size of a positive test charge, and the electric force on it. Equation for the electric field in the region of a single charged particle or sphere. Given three of the charge of a particle or sphere, Coulomb s constant, the distance from the particle or sphere at which the field is specified, and the value of that field, calculate the fourth quantity. Calculating the electric field at a point due to the presence of other charges when all charges are on a common straight line. Extending the work-energy theorem to develop the concept of electric potential energy. Using a reference point or level to define electrical potential. Defining electrical difference and its SI unit. Given two of electrical difference, work done (or energy), and charge, calculate the third. 2.5 Ohm s Law Defining electric current and its SI unit. Instruments used to measure electric current. Defining voltage and its SI unit. Given two of the electric current, the charge which passes through a cross section of a conductor, and the time taken for this to happen, calculate the third quantity. Given two of the voltage, the charge and energy developed by the source, calculate the third quantity. Explaining the energy transfer of charge around a circuit. Listing and naming the type of energy transformation from various sources of electrical energy, including piezoelectric, thermoelectric, photoelectric sources and generators. Relationship between voltage rises and voltage drops across linear resistors and sources. Defining electrical resistance and its SI unit. Stating Ohm s Law. Given two of the voltage across a resistor, its resistance, and the current in it, calculate the third quantity. Explaining why a resistor is called a linear circuit element. Physics 3204 Page 3 of 7 Course Outline

4 Factors that affect resistance: length, cross-sectional area, type of material and temperature. Solving problems that module the factors of resistance using (i) proportionalities and (ii) the appropriate formula. Drawing schematic diagrams for series, parallel and simple combination circuits. Kirchoff s current rule. Kirchoff s voltage rule. Effective resistance for series, parallel and combination circuits. Problem solving involving series, parallel and combination circuits. Definition of power for electrical circuits. Using the three power equations. Cost of operating electrical equipment (when energy is in kilowatt hours). Circuit Analysis (CORE LAB #5). 2.6 Magnetic Fields Lodestone as a naturally occurring magnet. Domain theory. Law of magnetic forces. Explaining magnetic phenomena with reference to the domain theory. Mapping magnetic fields using a test compass. Defining the direction of magnetic field lines. Drawing magnetic field lines in the regions surrounding: (i) a single bar magnet (ii) two bar magnets, opposite poles facing and like poles facing (iii) horseshoe magnet (iv) the earth. Comparing and contrasting magnetic fields with gravitational and electrical fields. 2.7 Magnetic fields produced by a current in both solenoids and long, straight conductors. Oersted s principle for straight conductors. Left Hand Rule #1. Ferromagnetic, paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials. Oersted s principle as applied to a solenoid (including Left Hand Rule #2). The solenoid as an electromagnet. Four factors affecting the strength of an electromagnet. Role of magnetic permeability of a core and its effects on electromagnetism. Three applications of an electromagnet. 2.8 Forces acting on a moving charge in a uniform magnetic field. Motor principle. Left Hand Rule #3. Defining quantitatively magnetic field strength and its units. Solving problems using F = BILsinθ. Defining a magnetic field in terms of permeability, current and distance to a conductor. Problem solving using the equation B = µi / 2πr. Physics 3204 Page 4 of 7 Course Outline

5 Operational definition of the ampere. Direction of a charged particles flight in a magnetic field using the motor principle. Motion of charged particles in uniform magnetic fields (qualitative only). Problem solving using F = qvbsinθ for particles in magnetic fields. Problem solving and discussion of charged particles moving perpendicular in a magnetic field generating circular motion. 2.9 Electromagnetic induction by changing magnetic flux and a moving conductor. DC vs. AC. Faraday s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. Direction of current in a conductor when it is moved through a magnetic field. Direction of current induced in a coil when a magnet is moved. Faraday s iron ring apparatus. Lenz Law Using Lenz Law to predict the direction of induced currents. Applying Faraday s Law and Lenz Law in determining the direction of current in a loop of an electric generator. Interpret the current output of both AC and DC generators. Electromagnetic Induction (CORE LAB #6). The Physics of Cellular Telephones (STSE). Unit 3: Matter Energy Interface. Target Date of Completion: End of March The time period between 1890 and 1930 saw the development of concepts which are still referred to as modern physics. At the same time, research was being carried out on the nature of electromagnetic phenomena, including the nature of light. It was in this period that these branches of research became linked. In their daily lives, people are exposed to radiation from a variety of sources. Some radiation is harmless; other radiation is potentially harmful. Some kinds of radiation can be used in beneficial ways. In this unit, we will explore the full range of types of radiation, including natural and artificial sources, and assess the risks and benefits of exposure to each of them. Taken from Physics 3204 Curriculum Guide 3.1 The Evolution of Quantum Physics. Quantum Theory. Problems with the wave theory of light. 3.2 Quantum energy explanations of black-body radiation and the photoelectric effect. Definition of black-body radiation. Qualitative definition of the photoelectric effect. Problem solving using Plank s equation. Defining and calculating the stopping potential. Physics 3204 Page 5 of 7 Course Outline

6 Converting between the energy unit of Joules (J) and electronvolts (ev). Defining and calculating the work function. Relating the energy of the incident light (photon) to the work function. The Physics of Movie Sound (STSE) 3.3 Compton effect and de Broglie hypothesis. Explain the Compton effect and the de Broglie hypothesis using the laws of mechanics, the conservation of energy and the nature of light. Problem solving using Compton s photon momentum equation. 3.4 Effect of de Broglie s matter waves on scientific thinking about the properties of particles, and the effect of photon momentum on the scientific thinking about the properties of light. Problem solving using de Broglie s Wave Equation. 3.5 The Bohr atomic model as a synthesis of classical and quantum concepts. Describing qualitatively how the Bohr model of the atom explains emission and absorption spectra. Describing qualitatively and quantitatively Bohr s radius. Defining qualitatively and quantitatively the energy of an electron in Bohr s atom. Explaining the relationship among the energy levels in Bohr s model, the energy difference between levels, and the energy of the emitted photons. Performing calculations to determine energy lost/gained of an electron as it jumps up or down various orbits. Performing calculations to determine the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation released/required when an electron jumps various orbits. Comparing the calculated wavelengths of electromagnetic energy (for electrons moving into a lower n to the emission spectra for hydrogen. 3.6 Using the quantum-mechanical model to explain naturally luminous phenomena. 3.7 Evidence for wave and particle models of light. Defining wave-particle duality. Evidence supporting both the wave and particle theories of light. 3.7 Radioactivity Sources of radioactivity in the natural and constructed environments. Products of radioactive decay and the characteristics of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Naming and defining the following: electrons, neutrons, protons, nucleus, atomic number, atomic mass number and isotope. Defining transmutations and radioactivity. Defining alpha decay, beta minus decay and beta positive decay, electron capture and gamma decay. Identifying reaction type. Balancing nuclear reactions with one reactant or product missing. Defining half-life. Analyzing data on radioactive decay to predict half-life. Performing half-life calculations involving logarithms. 3.8 Comparing and contrasting fission and fusion. Physics 3204 Page 6 of 7 Course Outline

7 Processes involved in a fission reaction. Processes involved in a fusion reaction. Quantitatively applying the law of conservation of mass and energy using Einstein s mass-energy equivalence. Problem solving using E = mc Nuclear Power CANDU reactor. Pros and cons of nuclear energy. Target Date of Completion: Mid-May Physics 3204 Page 7 of 7 Course Outline