New Physics from the String Vacuum
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- Shana Ross
- 6 years ago
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1 New Physics from the String Vacuum The string vacuum Extended MSSM quivers String remnants Small neutrino masses Quivers: Cvetič, Halverson, PL, JHEP 1111,058 ( ) Axigluons from the top-down Z : Rev.Mod.Phys.81,1199 ( ) String mν: ARNPS 01 ( ) Axigluons: Cvetič, Halverson, PL, in preparation Nordita (June, 01)
2 The String Vacuum String vacuum enormously complicated Many points not consistent with what we know (but multiverse?) Goal 1: obtaining the MSSM Possibilities for SUSY breaking/mediation, µ, Bµ, R P, Goal : beyond (instead of) MSSM paradigm (don t prejudge TeV) (just) MSSM is not required by experimental data Many string constructions involve TeV-scale remnants or mechanisms beyond the MSSM (may be hint) Bottom-up models of new physics usually motivated by minimality and/or solving problems Nordita (June, 01)
3 Minimality Nordita (June, 01)
4 Top-down string remnants may not be minimal or motivated by SM problems Top-down may suggest new physical mechanisms (e.g., string instantons: exponentially suppressed µ, Majorana or Dirac m ν, etc) Some bottom-up ideas unlikely to emerge from simple/perturbative string constructions (e.g., high-dimensional representations) Goal : mapping of string-likely or unlikely classes of new physics and mechanisms (and contrast with field theory) Nordita (June, 01)
5 Allowed manifold SUSY SM msugra MSSM strong dynamics Nordita (June, 01)
6 Allowed manifold SUSY minimal MSSM SM msugra strong dynamics Nordita (June, 01)
7 Allowed manifold SUSY minimal SM msugra MSSM string strong dynamics Nordita (June, 01)
8 Unlikely to find our exact vacuum Study semi-realistic/interesting vacua for suggestive features Nordita (June, 01)
9 Typical Stringy Effects Z (or other gauge) Extended Higgs/neutralino (doublet, singlet) Quasi-chiral Exotics Leptoquark, diquark, R P couplings Family non-universality (Yukawas, U(1) ) Various ν mass mechanisms (HDO, string instantons: non-minimal seesaw, Weinberg op, Dirac, sterile) (Quasi-)hidden sectors (strong coupling? SUSY breaking? dark matter? random? portals?) Nordita (June, 01)
10 Large/warped dimensions, low string scale (TeV black holes, stringy resonances) Fractionally charged color singlets (e.g., 1 ) (confined?, stable relic?) Time/space/environment varying couplings LIV, VEP (speeds, decays, [oscillations] of HE γ, e, gravity waves, [ν s]) Will assume TeV scale supersymmetry Will focus on mild things (not large dimensions/tev string scale, TeV black holes, time varying couplings, multiverse, violation of the equivalence principle, Lorentz invariance violation) Nordita (June, 01)
11 Intersecting D6 Brane (Type IIA) Constructions U(1) W U(1) a b Gauge bosons in adj. W + Chiral matter in (N, M) (1, 1) (1,) (1, 1) (1,) (1,0) (1,1) T T T H Q L U SU() Q L U Q 1 L SU() SU() U U(1) 1 SU() Nordita (June, 01)
12 U(N) from N D6 branes (fill ordinary space and of the 6 extra dimensions) Adjoints, bifundamentals (open); gravitons (closed) Also, symmetric, antisymmetric; SO(N), Sp(N) Yukawa interactions exp( A ijk ) hierarchies Families from multiple intersections (-cycles wrapping 6d) Existing models: additional gauge factors, Higgs, chiral matter TypesetbyFoilTEX Nordita (June, 01)
13 Tadpoles and Extended MSSM Quivers Implications of String Constraints for Exotic Matter and Z s Beyond the Standard Model, M. Cvetič, J. Halverson, PL, JHEP 1111,058 (arxiv: ) Intersecting brane type IIA constructions (and others): tadpole cancellation conditions stronger than anomaly cancellation in augmented field theory (FT with anomalous U(1) s and Chern-Simons terms) U(N a ) from stack of N a D6 branes: N a : #a #a + (N a + 4) (# a # a ) + (N a 4) (# a # a ) = 0 N a = 1 : #a #a + (N a + 4) (# a # a ) = 0 mod, SU(N a ) triangle anomaly condition for N a Stronger condition than augmented FT for N a = 1, Nordita (June, 01)
14 Anomalous U(1) from trace generator of U(N) usually acquires Stuckelberg mass near string scale M s Anomalies cancelled by Chern-Simons U(1) global symmetry on (perturbative) superpotential May be broken by non-perturbative D-instantons (exponentially suppressed) Linear combination q x U(1) x may be massless, non-anomalous if q a N a (# a # a + # a # a ) + x a q x N x (#(a, x) #(a, x)) = 0, N a q a #(a) #(a) + 8(# a ) # a ) + x a q x N x (#(a, x) #(a, x)) = 0, N a = 1 Require one linear combination weak hypercharge, Y May be additional massless combinations, broken by Higgs singlet VEVs TeV-scale Z (even for M s = O(M pl )) Nordita (June, 01)
15 Hypercharge embeddings for -node (U() U() U(1)) and 4-node (U() U() U(1) U(1)) quivers containing MSSM classified Most quivers with just MSSM chiral matter don t satisfy tadpole constraints (none for nodes with no vector pairs) Systematically add matter to MSSM quivers to satisfy tadpole and hypercharge conditions Up to 5 additional fields Don t allow purely vector pairs (typically acquire M s -scale masses) Allow quasichiral pairs (vector under MSSM; chiral under anomalous or additional non-anomalous U(1) s) Suggestive of quasichiral types, U(1) s (often family non-universal tree-level neutral B s effects) H d L distinction (necessary for L and R-parity conservation) MSSM singlets (NMSSM-type, ν c L-type, or neither) Nordita (June, 01)
16 New Matter and Z s Field Transformation T a T b T c M a M b M c q L (a, b) q L (a, b) u c 1 L (a, c) d c L a d c L (a, c) H u (b, c) H u (b, c) H d, L (b, c) H d, L (b, c) e c L c Madrid -node embedding: U(1) Y = 1 6 U(1) a + 1 U(1) c T a = 0 T b = ±n T c = 0 mod with n {0,..., 7} Vector pair (H u, H d or H u, L) for n = 0 at least one addition Nordita (June, 01)
17 Possible additions Transformation T a T b T c M a M b M c a (6, 1) a (6, 1) a (, 1) a (, 1) b (1, ) b (1, ) b (1, 1) b (1, 1) (b, c) (1, ) (b, c) (1, ) (b, c) (1, ) (b, c) (1, ) c (1, 1) c (1, 1) (a, b) (, ) (a, b) (, ) (a, b) (, ) (a, b) (, ) (a, c) (, 1) (a, c) (, 1) (a, c) (, 1) (a, c) (, 1)
18 105 Madrid -node quivers ( 5 additions) Multiplicity Matter Additions 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, b), (, )1 6 (a, b), (, ) b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (b, c), (1, )1 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (b, c), (1, )1 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, b), (, )1 6 (a, b), (, ) b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 4 b, (1, 1) 0 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (b, c), (1, )1 4 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (b, c), (1, )1 (b, c), (1, )1 4 (a, b), (, )1 6 a, (, 1)1 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (a, c), (, 1) c, (1, 1) 1 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (b, c), (1, )1 4 b, (1, ) 0 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (b, c), (1, )1 (b, c), (1, )1 4 b, (1, 1) 0 4 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (b, c), (1, )1 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (b, c), (1, )1 4 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 Nordita (June, 01)
19 Multiplicity Matter Additions 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 4 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 1 a, (, 1)1 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1) 1 1 a, (, 1) 1 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1)1 1 a, (, 1)1 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1) 1 1 a, (, 1) 1 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1)1 1 a, (, 1)1 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1) 1 1 a, (, 1) 1 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1)1 1 a, (, 1)1 b, (1, 1) 0 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (b, c), (1, )1 (a, c), (, 1) 1 1 a, (, 1) 1 b, (1, 1) 0 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (b, c), (1, )1 (a, c), (, 1)1 1 (a, b), (, )1 6 (b, c), (1, ) 1 (a, c), (, 1)1 (a, c), (, 1) c, (1, 1) 1 1 a, (, 1)1 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1) 1 1 a, (, 1) 1 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1)1 1 a, (, 1)1 a, (, 1)1 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1) 1 (a, c), (, 1) 1 1 a, (, 1) 1 a, (, 1) 1 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1)1 (a, c), (, 1)1 1 a, (, 1)1 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1) 1 1 a, (, 1) 1 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1)1 1 a, (, 1)1 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1) 1 1 a, (, 1) 1 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, ) 0 b, (1, 1) 0 (a, c), (, 1)1 Nordita (June, 01)
20 Three-node embeddings MSSM hypercharge embeddings (Anastasopoulos, Dijkstra, Kiritsis, Schellekens) Madrid: U(1) Y = 1 6 U(1) a + 1 U(1) c non-madrid: U(1) Y = 1 U(1) a 1 U(1) b Four-node embeddings U(1) Y = 1 6 U(1) a + 1 U(1) c + 1 U(1) d U(1) Y = 1 U(1) a 1 U(1) b + 1 U(1) d U(1) Y = 1 6 U(1) a + 1 U(1) c + U(1) d U(1) Y = 1 U(1) a 1 U(1) b U(1) Y = 1 6 U(1) a + 1 U(1) c U(1) Y = 1 U(1) a 1 U(1) b + U(1) d, Nordita (June, 01)
21 Eight and 4-node hypercharge embeddings ( 5 additions) MSSM singlets with anomalous U(1) charge; isotriplets (Y = 0) Quasichiral pairs: lepton/higgs doublets; down-type quark isosinglets; nonabelian singlets (Y = Q = ±1) (+ some up-type quark isosinglets, quark isodoublets, shifted lepton/higgs doublets (Q = (±1, ±))) Small number fractional charges, chiral fourth family (Landau poles), shifted fourth families: (, ) 5 6, (, 1) 1, (, 1) 4, (1, ), (1, ) 1 Quasichiral pairs Mass by SX X (S =MSSM singlet) or X X (D-instantons) Produce quarks/scalar partners by QCD Cascade decays to lightest Decay: mixing, lepto/di-quark, HDO (rapid, delayed, quasistable) Nordita (June, 01)
22 SM Rep Total Multiplicity Int. El. 4 th Gen. Removed Shifted 4 th Gen. Also Removed (1, 1) (1, ) (1, ) (1, ) (, 1) (, 1) (1, 1) (1, 1) (, 1) (, 1) (, ) (, ) (1, ) (1, ) (1, ) (1, 1) (1, 1) (, 1) (, 1) (, 1) (1, ) (, ) (, 1) (1, ) (, )
23 Multiplicity of Quivers Hypercharge Total Int. El. H d Candidate No 4th Gen S µ H u H d νl c H ul ( 1, 1, 0) ( 1 6, 0, 1 ) ( 1, 1, 0, 0) ( 1, 1, 0, 1 ) ( 1, 1, 0, 1) ( 1 6, 0, 1, 0) ( 1 6, 0, 1, 1 ) ( 1 6, 0, 1, ) Remove particles leading to fractionally charged color singlets Require H d quiver-distinct from L-doublets (necessary for L, R-parity conservation) Perturbative NMSSM-like singlet (S µ H u H d ) (alternative: D-instanton) Perturbative ν c L -like singlet (νc L H ul) (alternative: Dirac or Weinberg op by D-instanton) Nordita (June, 01)
24 Multiplicity of Quivers Hypercharge U(1) H d Candidate Fam. Univ S µ H u H d LH u νl c ( 1, 1, 0) ( 1 6, 0, 1 ) ( 1, 1, 0, 0) ( 1, 1, 0, 1 ) ( 1, 1, 0, 1) ( 1 6, 0, 1, 0) ( 1 6, 0, 1, 1 ) ( 1 6, 0, 1, ) Quivers with additional U(1) gauge symmetry 0.5 are family universal for q L, L, u c L, dc L, and ec L Family non-universal (quiver distinct): GIM violation, FCNC (B s anomalies?) Nordita (June, 01)
25 SM Rep Total Multiplicity 4 th Gen. Removed Shifted 4 th Gen. Also Removed (1, 1) (1, ) (1, ) (1, ) (, 1) (, 1) (1, 1) (1, 1) (1, ) (1, ) (, ) (, ) (, 1) (, 1) (1, ) (, ) (, 1) Nordita (June, 01)
26 A TeV-Scale Z Review: Rev.Mod.Phys.81,1199 (arxiv: ) Strings, GUTs, DSB, little Higgs, LED often involve extra Z (harder to break U(1) factors than non-abelian: remnants) Typically M Z TeV for electroweak coupling (LHC, Tevatron, LEP, WNC); θ Z Z < few 10 (Z-pole) Discovery to M Z 5 8 TeV at LHC, ILC, (pp µ + µ, e + e, q q) (depends on couplings, exotics, sparticles) Diagnostics to 1- TeV (asymmetries, y distributions, associated production, rare decays) Light ( GeV) leptophobic, TEV-scale (FCNC), or very light (10 GeV) Z portal suggested by recent anomalies Nordita (June, 01)
27 1.96 TeV - 1. fb TeV fb -1 7 TeV pb -1 7 TeV - 1 fb TeV - 1 fb Discovery Reach (GeV) E6 Model - χ E6 Model - ψ E6 Model - η LR Symmetric Alt. LRSM Ununified Model Sequential SM TC Littlest Higgs Model Simplest Little Higgs Anom. Free SLH 1 (U1D) SU() L x SU() H U(1) L x U(1) H RS Graviton Sneutrino 4 10 σ B [pb] ee: µµ: 1 L dt = 4.9 fb 1 L dt = 5.0 fb ATLAS Preliminary s = 7 TeV Z ll Expected limit Expected ± 1σ Expected ± σ Observed limit Z SSM m [TeV] Z χ Z ψ 14 TeV - 10 fb TeV fb -1 Courtesy: Steve Godfrey R σ CMS preliminary ee(4.7fb )+µ + µ (4.9fb ) median expected 68% expected 95% expected Z' SSM Z' Ψ G k/m -5 KK Pl = G KK k/m Pl =0.05 Z' Stu = 0.0 Z' Stu = 0.0 Z' Stu = 0.04 Z' Stu = 0.05 Z' Stu = % C.L. limit M [GeV] Nordita (June, 01)
28 String Z Non-anomalous, descending through non-abelian group (E 6, SO(10), Pati-Salam (may be T R, T BL, E 6 or random )) Anomalous U(1), e.g., from U(n) or U(1) branes Stückelberg masses M str Z and Chern-Simons term may be observable for M str TeV Large M str : may be anomaly-free combinations (in addition to Y ); often family non-universal Nordita (June, 01)
29 Implications of a TeV-scale U(1) Natural solution to µ problem: W h s SH u H d µ eff = h s S ( stringy version of NMSSM) Supersymmetry: SU() U(1) and U(1) breaking scales both set by SUSY breaking scale (unless flat direction) Extended Higgs sector Relaxed mass limits, couplings, parameters (e.g., tan β 1) Higgs singlets needed to break U(1) Doublet-singlet mixing, extended neutralino sector ( non-standard collider signatures) Nordita (June, 01)
30 Extended neutralino sector Additional neutralinos, non-standard couplings, e.g., light singlino-dominated, extended cascades Additional cold dark matter, g µ possibilities (even small tan β) Exotics (anomaly-cancellation) Non-chiral wrt SM but chiral wrt U(1) May decay by mixing; by diquark or leptoquark coupling; or be quasi-stable Z decays into sparticles/exotics (SUSY factory) Flavor changing neutral currents (for non-universal U(1) charges) Tree-level effects in B decay competing with SM loops (or with enhanced loops in MSSM with large tan β) B s B s mixing, B d penguins t t forward-backward asymmetry (probably excluded) Nordita (June, 01)
31 Non-universal charges: MSW-type effects (apparent CPT violation) Z Z mediation of SUSY breaking Constraints on neutrino mass generation Various versions allow or exclude Type I or II seesaws, extended seesaw, small Dirac by HDO or non-holomorphic soft; stringy Weinberg operator, Majorana seesaw, small Dirac by string instantons; sterile mixing Large A term and possible tree-level CP violation (no new EDM constraints) electroweak baryogenesis Nordita (June, 01)
32 Extended Higgs Sector Standard model singlets S i and additional doublet pairs H u,d very common Additional doublet pairs Richer spectrum, decay possibilities May be needed (or expand possibilities for) quark/lepton masses/mixings (e.g., stringy symmetries may restrict single Higgs couplings to one or two families) Extra neutral Higgs FCNC (suppressed by Yukawas) Significantly modify gauge unification (unless compensated) Nordita (June, 01)
33 Higgs singlets S i Standard model singlets common in string constructions Needed to break extra U(1) gauge symmetries Solution to µ problem (U(1), NMSSM, nmssm, smssm) W h s SH u H d µ eff = h s S Relaxed upper limits, couplings, parameter ranges (e.g., tan β = v u /v d can be close to 1), singlet-doublet mixing Large A term and possible tree-level CP violation electroweak baryogenesis Nordita (June, 01)
34 Quasi-Chiral Exotics Often find exotic (wrt SU() U(1)) quarks/leptons at TeV scale Assume non-chiral wrt SM gauge group (strong constraints on SM chiral from large Yukawas ( Landau poles), precision EW) Can be chiral wrt extra U(1) s or other extended gauge Usually needed for U(1) anomaly cancellation Modify gauge unification unless in complete GUT multiplets Strings typically yield (anti-) (bi-) fundamentals, adjoints, (anti-) symmetrics May also be mixed quasi-hidden, fractional charges Experimental limits relatively weak Nordita (June, 01)
35 Examples in 7-plet of E 6 D L + D R (SU() singlets, chiral wrt U(1) ) ( ) ( ) E 0 E 0 E + E L R (SU() doublets, chiral wrt U(1) ) Pair produce D + D by QCD processes (smaller rate for exotic leptons) D or D decay by D u i W, D d i Z, D d i H 0 if driven by D d mixing (not in minimal E 6 ; FCNC) m D 00 GeV (future: 1 TeV) D quark jets if driven by diquark operator ūū D, or quark jet + lepton for leptoquark operator lq D (still have stable LSP) May be stable at renormalizable level due to accidental symmetry (e.g., extended gauge group) hadronizes and escapes or stops in detector (quasi-stable from HDO τ < 1/10 yr) Nordita (June, 01)
36 Small neutrino masses Many mechanisms for small m ν, both Majorana and Dirac Minimal Type I seesaw Bottom-up motivation: no gauge symmetries prevent large Majorana mass for ν R Connection with leptogenesis Argument that L must be violated is misleading [non-gravity: large 16 of SO(10) or HDO added by hand] [gravity: m ν ν EW /M P 10 5 ev (unless LED); often much smaller] New TeV or string scale physics/symmetries/constraints may invalidate assumptions [No 16 in string-derived SO(10)] Bottom-up alternatives: Higgs (or fermion) triplets, extended (TeV) seesaws, loops, R p violation Nordita (June, 01)
37 String-motivated alternatives (review: arxiv: ) Higher-dimensional operators (HDO) [non-minimal seesaw (not GUT-like), direct Majorana (Weinberg op), small Dirac, mixed (LSND, MiniBooNE)] String instantons (exponential suppressions) [non-minimal seesaw, direct Majorana, small Dirac] Geometric suppressions (large dimensions) [small Dirac] Alternatives often associated with new TeV physics, electroweak baryogenesis, etc. Nordita (June, 01)
38 Axigluons from Type IIa Quivers Axigluons in type IIa string theory (M. Cvetič, J. Halverson, PL) CDF and D0: anomalous forward-backward asymmetry in p p t t Possible heavy gluon with axial coupling from broken chiral color (SU() L SU() R ) Nordita (June, 01)
39 The CDF/D0 t t Forward-Backward Asymmetry CDF and D0: forward-backward asymmetry in p p t t CDF: A t t F B = 0.96 ± for M t t > 450 GeV, with L = 8.7 fb 1 (SM: , NLO QCD) All theoretical explanations tightly constrained t t t t t channel W, Z, Higgs. colored (FCNC, [tq]t, tt, APV) Z 0 (W 0 ) G A s-channel colored resonance w. axial coupling (dijet, t t peaks, FCNC) u(d) ū( d) q q σ t t, dijet shapes, A C Nordita (June, 01)
40 Axigluons from Chiral Color Assume octet of heavy gluons w. axial couplings SU() L SU() R SU() (Pati,Salam; Frampton,Glashow; Frampton,Shu,Wang; ) A t t F B (ŝ) (ŝ M )g q A gt A < 0 Heavy axigluon (M 1 TeV): g q A gt A < 0 ( g A (1 4)g s ) (possible: g q A = gt A, gu A gd A ) Light axigluon (e.g., 450 GeV): universal g A allowed, but g A g s / and large width (Γ/M 10 0%) (Tavares,Schmaltz) Nordita (June, 01)
41 Most studies have been EFT; additional constraints in explicit UV completions Will consider gross constraints from Type IIA quivers (but probably more general in perturbative string) Allowed representations, no landau poles, global U(1) s, no total vector pairs (can deform) Large widths possible New problems/constraints from Yukawas, CKM universality, FCNC, exotic decays Nordita (June, 01)
42 Field Theory Axigluon Models for Chiral Color SU() L SU() }{{ R SU() U(1) } Y chiral color (n L, n R, n ) Y }{{} fields Ordinary quark family: L = g L A µ L J Lµ + g R A µ R J Rµ Q + u c L + dc L = (, 1, ) 1/6 + (1,, 1) / + (1,, 1) 1/ J i L,Rµ = qλi γ (1 γ 5 ) µ Possible mirror third family (for g q A gt A < 0): q t c L + bc L + Q = (, 1, 1) / + (, 1, 1) 1/ + (1,, ) 1/6 Nordita (June, 01)
43 Break to diagonal (vector) SU(): Φ = (,, 1) 0 with 0 Φ 0 = v φ I L = g s G µ ( J Lµ + J Rµ ) }{{} QCD + g s G µ A (cot δ J Lµ tan δ J Rµ ) }{{} massive axigluon tan δ g R /g L, g s g L sin δ, M GA M = g L + g R v φ Axial coupling to ordinary (mirror) quark family: g A = 1 g s(cot δ + tan δ) g s Special case: g L = g R : pure axial, g A = g s, M = g s v φ Questions/difficulties: g A, width, Yukawas, FCNC, anomalies, exotic decays Nordita (June, 01)
44 Anomalies SU() L, SU() R, SU() L U(1) Y, SU() R U(1) Y anomalies triangle Chiral exotics to cancel: second mirror family, quixes, dichromatics, : Landau poles and EWPT (not in perturbative unification) Introduce or 1 electroweak vector families ( larger width) Quasichiral quark doublet pairs (OK for generations 1 and ): Q c + Q = (, 1, ) 1/6 + (1,, ) 1/6 (ordinary) Nordita (June, 01)
45 Quasichiral quark singlet pairs (OK for all generations): (, 1, 1) }{{ / + (, 1, 1) } 1/ + (1,, 1) }{{} / + (1,, 1) }{{}}{{ 1/ } u c d c u d (, 1, 1) }{{ / + (, 1, 1) } 1/ + (1,, 1) }{{} / + (1,, 1) }{{}}{{ 1/ } t b t c b c (ordinary) (mirror) Nordita (June, 01)
46 Yukawa Couplings Ordinary family (with doublet exotics): Q + u c L + dc L = (, 1, ) 1/6 + (1,, 1) / + (1,, 1) 1/ Q c + Q = (, 1, ) 1/6 + (1,, ) 1/6 (ordinary) Quasichiral mass by h Q Q Q c Φ, where Φ = (,, 1) 0 u or d masses: H u Q u c or H d Q d c require H u,d = (,, ) ±1/ Not available in type IIa (F theory?) Instead, generate by mixing with exotics (HDO) E.g., SQQ c, H u Q u c, and ΦQ Q c, where S = (1, 1, 1) 0 and H u = (1, 1, ) 1/ S Φ H uq u c Nordita (June, 01)
47 m t requires large St c t large t c t c mixing singlet exotics (doublet exotic large CKM corrections) Can generate acceptable spectrum, CKM, but complicated/tuned Nordita (June, 01)
48 FCNC Tree-level FCNC by axigluons in B B (for mirror third family) (Chivukula, Simmons, Yuan) s, d b G A b s, d Can evade by dominant CKM in charge / sector (affects D D) FCNC via ordinary/exotic mixing and/or via Higgs: to be studied Nordita (June, 01)
49 Width, decays, universality t t, dijet constraints weakened for broad (Γ/M 0.) axigluon Γ/M 0.1, decays to ordinary quarks with g L = g R (δ = π/4) Larger for δ π/4, decays to exotics (also mixing; Φ, Φ; scalars) M M 0. m E M 0.5 g A 0. m E M m E M g s 0.1 g V M TeV Nordita (June, 01)
50 Exotic decays by mixing (small, except t c t c ): q qw, qz, qh G A q q W + W q q, W Zq q, etc G A t t + t t W q q, Zq q, etc Scalar partners? Φ, Φ? (long-lived like R hadrons?) g q A gt A?, gu A gd A? May reduce dijet, A C constraints Little effect from exotic mixing (unless fine-tuned) Can have g u A gd A SU() SU() SU() for additional SU() node, i.e., Tevatron signal also reduced (Chivukula, Simmons, Yuan) Nordita (June, 01)
51 Type IIa Embedding of Axigluon Model Attempt to embed ordinary, or ordinary + mirror in 4-node U() a1 U() a U() b U(1) c 4-node extension of Madrid embedding: U(1) Y = 1 6 U() a U() a + 1 U(1) c Need 5 nodes for H d L distinction, no vector pairs Focus of colored states Nordita (June, 01)
52 Ordinary or mirror quark families (G, G, M, M problematic) label Q u c L d c L G 1 (a 1, b) (a, c) (a, c) G (a 1, b) (a, c) a G 1 (a 1, b) (a, c) (a, c) G (a 1, b) (a, c) a label Q t c L b c L M 1 (a, b) (a 1, c) (a 1, c) M (a, b) (a 1, c) a 1 M 1 (a, b) (a 1, c) (a 1, c) M (a, b) (a 1, c) a 1 Three families quark sector type T a1 T a T b T c M a1 M a M b M c GGG GG G GGM G GM GG M G G M Quasichiral pairs for T a1,a Ordinary and quasichiral Higgs/leptons for T b,c, M Nordita (June, 01)
53 a 1, tadpoles cancelled by exotic doublet pairs (OK for generations 1 and ): label Q Q c T a1 T a T b T c M a1 M a M c M d G E (a, b) (a 1, b) G E (a, b) (a 1, b) M E (a 1, b) (a, b) M E (a 1, b) (a, b) Or by exotic singlet pairs (OK for all generations): label u c d c u d T a1 T a T b T c M a1 M a M c M d G 1 E (a 1, c) (a 1, c) (a, c) (a, c) G E (a 1, c) (a 1, c) (a, c) a G E (a 1, c) a 1 (a, c) (a, c) G 4 E (a 1, c) a 1 (a, c) a label t c b c t b T a1 T a T b T c M a1 M a M c M d M 1 E (a, c) (a, c) (a 1, c) (a 1, c) M E (a, c) (a, c) (a 1, c) a M E (a, c) a (a 1, c) (a 1, c) M 4 E (a, c) a (a 1, c) a Nordita (June, 01)
54 SU() a1 SU() a SU() by Φ + Φ ((,, 1) 0 + (,, 1) 0 ) Exotic masses by Φ + Φ (for doublets and G 1 E, M 1 E ) Φ + Φ are unavoidable (?) vector pair unless deformed to addtional SU() node Ordinary masses/mixings by singlets ( b ), vector mass terms (deform to extra node singlets), HDO, and D-instantons Appears possible, but complicated and delicate Nordita (June, 01)
55 It appears possible to construct axigluon model from perturbative Type IIA (or similar) construction, but Simple quasichiral exotics for anomalies ( large Γ/M possible) Complicated construction; requires Φ + Φ vector pair or deformation Complicated Yukawas FCNC Dijet, t t resonance search, A C, exotic decays at LHC should soon (already?) exclude or observe But, well-motivated by CDF/D0 t t asymmetry Nordita (June, 01)
56 Conclusions The string vacuum (landscape beyond MSSM) Tadpoles and extended MSSM quivers (stringy constraints) New matter and Z s motivated (even for M s M pl ) (singlets, triplets, quasichiral; additional U(1) s (family nonuniversal?)) Nonstandard mechanisms for small Dirac, Majorana, or mixed-sterile neutrinos Axigluons from type IIa quivers (suggested by Tevatron t t asymmetry): possible but very complicated Nordita (June, 01)
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