A Practical Comparison of Agile Web Frameworks

Transcription

1 A Practical Agile Frame David Díaz Clavijo University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria School of Computer Science Tutors: Cayetano Guerra Artal Alexis Quesada Arencibia Lydia Esther Bolaños Medina 1 February, 2014 david@diazclavijo.com Frame 1 / 43

2 Table of contents david@diazclavijo.com Frame 2 / 43

3 Outline Comparison Model Raible s matrix Wähner categorization 1 A Comparison Model of Agile Frame Raible s matrix Wähner categorization of david@diazclavijo.com Frame 3 / 43

4 Comparison Model Raible s matrix A Comparison Model of Agile Frame by The Technical University of Madrid Wähner categorization Matt Raible s speeches and his matrix Wähner comparison: categorizes by classifying them into different types of applications david@diazclavijo.com Frame 4 / 43

5 A Comparison Model of Agile Frame Comparison Model Raible s matrix Wähner categorization Parameter Rails Grails Trails Roma D.1 Are data migrations built-in in the development process? (20 %) D.2 Is schema database automatically inferred from domain definition? (40 %) P.1 Is there a generator of static presentation code for CRUD operations on models? (20 %) 100 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % david@diazclavijo.com Frame 5 / 43

6 A Comparison Model of Agile Frame Comparison Model Raible s matrix Wähner categorization david@diazclavijo.com Frame 6 / 43

7 Raible s matrix Comparison Model Raible s matrix Wähner categorization david@diazclavijo.com Frame 7 / 43

8 Wähner categorization of Comparison Model Raible s matrix Wähner categorization david@diazclavijo.com Frame 8 / 43

9 Outline Objectives Comparison Project plan 1 2 Objectives Methodology for dissemination of the project Methodology for the comparison Project plan david@diazclavijo.com Frame 9 / 43

10 Objectives Objectives Comparison Project plan To analyze the state of technologies, focusing on agile To compare a set of agile through a practical test of the project david@diazclavijo.com Frame 10 / 43

11 Methodology for dissemination of the project Objectives Comparison Project plan Frame 11 / 43

12 Methodology for the comparison Objectives Comparison Project plan are chosen based on the following criteria: Results in previous comparisons Results in benchmarks Statistics of usage Popularity in the community A test is defined to be executed with each of the. This test consists in the following steps: Reading the language documentation (8 hours) Making the exercises to demonstrate language knowledge (12 hours) Reading the framework documentation (30 hours) Developing a simple site: A multiblog system with an author per blog, MyBlog (45 hours) david@diazclavijo.com Frame 12 / 43

13 Project Plan Objectives Comparison Project plan Frame 13 / 43

14 Outline Chosen Chosen david@diazclavijo.com Frame 14 / 43

15 chosen A cross-language set of was decided: Chosen david@diazclavijo.com Frame 15 / 43

16 chosen A cross-language set of was decided: Chosen - Innovator - Good in comparison david@diazclavijo.com Frame 15 / 43

17 chosen A cross-language set of was decided: Chosen - Innovator - Good in comparison - Java is highly used - It is Rails in JVM - Presence in other comparisons david@diazclavijo.com Frame 15 / 43

18 chosen A cross-language set of was decided: Chosen - Innovator - Good in comparison - Java is highly used - It is Rails in JVM - Presence in other comparisons - Python usage - Python s framework - Usage of Django david@diazclavijo.com Frame 15 / 43

19 chosen A cross-language set of was decided: Chosen - Innovator - Good in comparison - Java is highly used - It is Rails in JVM - Presence in other comparisons - Python usage - Python s framework - Usage of Django - PHP is the most used server-side language - Popularity david@diazclavijo.com Frame 15 / 43

20 Outline Programming exercises Development steps of Myblog Exercises for learning each language Development steps of Myblog david@diazclavijo.com Frame 16 / 43

21 Exercises for learning each language Programming exercises Development steps of Myblog Operations over files, strings and use of regular expressions Creation of a class to support operations from a number set The composite pattern: to practice inheritance david@diazclavijo.com Frame 17 / 43

22 Development steps of Myblog Programming exercises Development steps of Myblog User system with authentication CRUD operations with Blogs, Posts, Comments Adapting views to appear similar to what was designed: only in content. Good visual design is not an objective User-friendly URLs Frame 18 / 43

23 Outline Development Readability Exercises development Readability of david@diazclavijo.com Frame 19 / 43

24 Programming comparison Hours required in the exercises development Development Readability Exercises Ruby Groovy Python PHP Strings, files and regular expressions 4, Class of number set 4 2,5 1 2 Composite Pattern 1, ,5 TOTAL 10 6,5 4 4,5 david@diazclavijo.com Frame 20 / 43

25 Readability of Development Readability Ruby Code examples Is the list of numbers empty? numbersmap.size() == 0 Python len(self.the_set) == 0 PHP count($this-»arrayset); Collect the names of each element and write them in a paper called result item result+=item.tostring } Python for element in self.listcomponents: string += element.tostring() Groovy components.each{ string += it } PHP foreach ($this->list as $element){ $string.= $element-> tostring(); } david@diazclavijo.com Frame 21 / 43

26 Development Readability Groovy is 5 times faster than PHP, Ruby and Python. It is similar to Ruby Python is the language that has more useful libraries in this comparison. It is the language which allowed to finish development earlier Ruby is the most readable language. It is the language which needed more time to finish development too and the first one to develop with PHP is the second language which allowed to develop in shorter time. It is closer to C++, less readable than others in this comparison and it is designed for development david@diazclavijo.com Frame 22 / 43

27 Outline Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code Hours in development Documentation comparison Authentication implementation CRUD functions Lines of code 7 david@diazclavijo.com Frame 23 / 43

28 Hours in development Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code Frame 24 / 43

29 Documentation comparison Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code Rails Django Complete and easy to understand Full of examples Differentiates between beginner and advanced Great support from the community Complete and easy to understand Full of examples Differentiates between beginner and advanced Great support from the community Grails Long documentation and difficult to understand Lack of examples It is not clearly differentiated between beginner and advanced CodeIgniter Poor support from the community Concise and easy to understand There are no many examples but they are not needed Enough support from the community Frame 25 / 43

30 Authentication implementation Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code Rails Django A complete how-to to implement an own authentication system It required the least amount of time to finish: 13.5 hours It has an authentication system included in the core It needed 20 hours to be adapted to the requirements of the project Grails Several plugins to choose from Plugins documentation is difficult to understand It was tried to built an own system. Finally, a plugin was used It required the biggest amount of time: 31,5 hours CodeIgniter It has a library which is well accepted The library was copied into the project and adapted It required 15 hours david@diazclavijo.com Frame 26 / 43

31 CRUD functions Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code Rails Django Using a command, which defines the table and its fields, the code for the CRUD operations is created It uses the class-based views Grails The domain and its relations are defined and, afterwards, the code can be generated with a command CodeIgniter Most of the code has to be written david@diazclavijo.com Frame 27 / 43

32 CRUD functions Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code Rails Django Using a command, which defines the table and its fields, the code for the CRUD operations is created It uses the class-based views Grails The domain and its relations are defined and, afterwards, the code can be generated with a command CodeIgniter Most of the code has to be written A small example will be exposed. The controllers in different for creating a post: david@diazclavijo.com Frame 27 / 43

33 Code generated for creating a post in Rails The next command is executed to generate the code: $ r a i l s g e n e r a t e s c a f f o l d Post t i t l e : s t r i n g body : t e x t s Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code Code generated: d e f c r e a t = Post. new ( params [ : p o s t ] ) respond_ to do format i s a v e format. html { r e d i r e c t _ t : n o t i c e => Post was s u c c e s s f u l l y c r e a t e d. } format. j s o n { r e n d e r : j s o n : s t a t u s => : c r e a t e d, : l o c a t i o n } e l s e format. html { r e n d e r : a c t i o n => " new " } format. j s o n { r e n d e r : j s o n e r r o r s, : s t a t u s => : u n p r o c e s s a b l e _ e n t i t y } end end end david@diazclavijo.com Frame 28 / 43

34 Code generated for creating a post in Grails The domain is defined: c l a s s Post { S t r i n g t i t l e S t r i n g body } Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code Based on the domain, the code generated: d e f s a v e ( ) { d e f p o s t I n s t a n c e = new Post ( params ) i f (! p o s t I n s t a n c e. s a v e ( f l u s h : t r u e ) ) { r e n d e r ( view : " c r e a t e ", model : [ p o s t I n s t a n c e : p o s t I n s t a n c e ] ) r e t u r n } } f l a s h. message = message ( code : d e f a u l t. c r e a t e d. message, a r g s : [ message ( code : p o s t. l a b e l, d e f a u l t : Post ), p o s t I n s t a n c e. i d ] ) r e d i r e c t ( a c t i o n : " show ", i d : p o s t I n s t a n c e. i d ) david@diazclavijo.com Frame 29 / 43

35 Create a post in Django using class-based views, inheritance Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code In Django, it is inherited from the class CreateView: c l a s s P o s t C r e a t e ( CreateView ) : model = ( l o g i n _ r e q u i r e d ) d e f d i s p a t c h ( s e l f, args, kwargs ) : r e t u r n s u p e r ( P ostcreate, s e l f ). d i s p a t c h ( args, kwargs ) d e f f o r m _ v a l i d ( s e l f, form ) : form. i n s t a n c e. b l o g = s e l f. r e q u e s t. u s e r. b l o g r e t u r n s u p e r ( P ostcreate, s e l f ). f o r m _ v a l i d ( form ) david@diazclavijo.com Frame 30 / 43

36 Create a post in CodeIgniter Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code In CodeIgniter, the following method would be written: f u n c t i o n c r e a t e ( ) { $ t h i s >tank_auth >l o g g e d _ i n _ o r _ r e d i r e c t ( ) ; $ t h i s >f o r m _ v a l i d a t i o n >s e t _ r u l e s ( $ t h i s >mpost >r u l e s ) ; // s e t r u l e s i f ( $ t h i s >f o r m _ v a l i d a t i o n >run ( ) ) { $ u s e r _ i d = $ t h i s >tank_auth >g e t _ u s e r _ i d ( ) ; // a l w a y s to t h e c r r e n t... i f ( $ t h i s >mpost >c r e a t e ( $ p o s t ) ) { $ t h i s >s e s s i o n >s e t _ f l a s h d a t a ( message, Post s u c c e s s f u l l y c r e a t e d ) ; r e d i r e c t ( /. $ t h i s >tank_auth >get_username ( ) ) ;... } $ t h i s >load >view ( t e m p l a t e s / h e a d e r, $data ) ; $ t h i s >load >view ( p o s t / c r e a t e, $data ) ; david@diazclavijo.com Frame 31 / 43

37 CRUD functions Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code Rails Django Code generated by using a command defining the table Concise code and readable Great support for JSON and Javascript It uses the class-based views This produces the code which best follows the DRY principle The most concise code Grails The domain and its relations are defined. Based on this definition, the code is generated More extensive code and less readable CodeIgniter It supports internationalization Most of the code has to be written It is not necessary to learn too much to st. Hence, it is faster to begin to develop The code is larger and more repetitive david@diazclavijo.com Frame 32 / 43

38 Lines of code Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code Rails Grails Django CodeIgniter Views Models Controllers Routing files Total Frame 33 / 43

39 Myblog in Django and CodeIgniter Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code Frame 34 / 43

40 Rails Excellent documentation It requires too much time to learn it It has tool for database management: migrations Great support for Javascript Grails It presents the best performance It requires too much time to learn it Lack of documentation and low quality Timings Documentation Authentication CRUD functions Lines of code Django Excellent documentation It requires too much time to learn it The most concise code Class-based views CodeIgniter It is the framework which allows to develop faster for an inexperienced programmer It produces a repetitive code and is less readable than other Its documentation is short, clear and easy to understand david@diazclavijo.com Frame 35 / 43

41 Outline The blog Scope of the dissemination Referrers The blog Scope of the dissemination Referrers 8 david@diazclavijo.com Frame 36 / 43

42 The blog The blog Scope of the dissemination Referrers Frame 37 / 43

43 Scope of the dissemination A post in Raible s blog about the project Several comments which produced feedback Some s from different people and universities asking for the project The blog Scope of the dissemination Referrers david@diazclavijo.com Frame 38 / 43

44 Referrers The blog Scope of the dissemination Referrers Referrers Visits 1. t.co raibledesigns.com java.dzone.com plus.url.google.com sites.com facebook.com stackoverflow.com forum.root.cz google.com m.facebook.com 52 Frame 39 / 43

45 Outline Future Future david@diazclavijo.com Frame 40 / 43

46 Future It has been a practical approach to the problem. Although the definition of the test is strict and precise, the comparison still lacks objectivity: programmer background and the order in development influenced in the 125 hours spent in each framework does not allow to measure productivity A longer time project is useless due to the appearance of new versions A feature-rank comparison, as Villamor and Raible, would have been theoretical and made by someone who had not real experience This approach has taken the advantage of an inexperienced programmer to measure the ease of learning of these, and an overview of the main features has been made david@diazclavijo.com Frame 41 / 43

47 Future Future To complete the model of Villamor for a set of To compare less popular and more innovative ones To compare more distinct. Request-based vs component-based To compare front-end Far away from comparisons, but interesting in the development knowledge: to choose a framework and improve it david@diazclavijo.com Frame 42 / 43

48 Thank you very much for your attention, your questions or comments would be appreciated Future Frame 43 / 43