Characterization of Industrial Facilities and Components for Seismic Assessment

Transcription

1 Characterization of Facilities and Components for Seismic Assessment A. Di Carluccio & G. Fabbrocino School of Engineering Structural & Geotechnical Lab StreGa University of Molise

2 Introduction -- Characterization of Facilities and

3 Introduction Characterization of Facilities and - External Events - Erosion External Fire Tsunami Frost/Snow Tornado Hall Volcanic Eruption High Temperature Rain Landslide Lightning Internal Fire Earthquake Aircraft Impact Avalanche Hurricane Accindet Low Temperature Meteorite

4 Characterization of Facilities and Introduction Quantitative probabilistic seismic Risk Analysis Seismic Hazard Database of hazard curves for each risk plant location Volume m 3 Attrito 0.5 Seismic Risk Assessment Structural Vulnerability Derivation of fragility curves for equipment 25% 50% 80% QRA PGA [g]

5 Introduction Characterization of Facilities and Multi-disciplinary analysis (industrial engineer, geo-physic, structural engineer, ) 1. Seismic hazard Earthquake characterisation Earthquake occurrence 2. Structure (equipment)/earthquake interaction Structural damage Loss of containment (accidental scenario) 3. Procedures/Safety Management/QRA Time of response of emergency system Early Warning (included false alarms) Na-Tech Risk assessment

6 Introduction -Structural Response- Individuation of Characterization of Facilities and

7 Introduction Characterization of Facilities and -Structural Response- Cathedral Furnaces Spherical Pressurized Tank Horizontal Pressurized Tank Fractionating Column Pipe Line Atmospheric Storage Steel Tank 11

8 Characterization of Facilities and Introduction - Characterization of Components - Typical industrial component is the fractionating column; it is usually installed downstream of craking furnaces and is used in many processes to separate hot products. Fractionating column can be atmospheric or low pressure, and can be included in a large class (atmospheric or low pressure equipment) which includes a relevant number of operational units as dryers, separators, cyclones, distillation towers, extraction units, low pressure reactors, boilers, heat exchanger. The resulting product (Quench Oil) is sent to the exchanger to be filtrated.

9 Characterization of Facilities and Introduction - Characterization of Components - products are usually storage in steel tank (pressurized or atmospheric). Storage steel tank Configurations: Elevated (Atmospheric/low pressuere) On ground (Atmospheric/low pressuere) Underground (Pressurized)

10 Introduction -Vertical Steel Storage Tank- Steel Tank with fixed roof on ring foundation. Characterization of Facilities and

11 Introduction -Vertical Steel Storage Tank- Steel Tank with floating roof on ground. Characterization of Facilities and

12 Introduction -Spherical Steel Tank (Pressurized)- Characterization of Facilities and

13 Introduction -Horizontal Steel Tank (Pressurized)- Characterization of Facilities and

14 Introduction Characterization of Facilities and

15 Introduction Characterization of Facilities and New Record Acquisition of records (n 300) Scaling of record u&& ( ) ( ) ( t) u& t u&& t = PGA Structural Analysis χ& u& t ( ) Structural Demand PGA=0.05g 2.00g Compression Stress [MPa] New Value of χ m m+ 1 s m- 1 s Plane of Experiments PGA [g]

16 Introduction Characterization of Facilities and Critical Worldwide Standardized Design and Fabrication Steel tanks for oil storage Availability of Post Damage data Present in many Power system plants!

17 Characterization of Facilities and Introduction Response Uplifting Sliding Foundation Limit state Piping Detaching Soil Liquefaction Shell Buckling Base plate failure Connection to foundation failure Tupra Refinery, Izmit Earthquake 1999

18 Introduction Simplified Models Characterization of Facilities and Finite Element Model - Analysis of Seel Storage-

19 Introduction Characterization of Facilities and Rigid Tank Rigid-Implusive Pressure ( ξ, ζ, θ, ) = ( ξ, ζ ) ρ cos( θ )&& ( ) p t C H x t i i l g Convective Pressure ( ) Flexible Tank Flexible Pressure 2R cosh ( λnγζ ) J1 ( λnξ ) 2 ( λn 1) J1 ( λn ) cosh ( λnγ ) ( )&& ( ) p ξ, ζ, θ, t = ρ cos θ x t i l n n= 1 f n 1 = 2π λn g R tanh ( λnγ ) ( ζ, θ, ) = ρ ψ cos( υ ζ ) cos( θ )&& ( ) p t H d x t f n n f n= 0 f s -Design by Eurocode 8-1 = 2Rg ( γ ) υ m m I I Es1/3 ρ H L υ n 3 ' n i = 2γ 1 υn 1 n= 0 γ γ γ = (H/R) ξ = r / R 25 ζ = z / H

20 Characterization of Facilities and Introduction = H ρ L Timp Ci s R E T = C R con c -Design by Eurocode Se[g] T [s] dmax = 0.84 RS( T c 1) ( ) ( ) ( ) i w rof e imp c e con Q = m + m + m S T + m S T ( ) ( ) ( ) i i w w rof rof e imp c c e con M = m h + m h + m h S T + m h S T

21 Characterization of Facilities and Introduction m m m m c i r H = myc R H = myi R H = myr R 2 = πr Hρ w s -Simplified Models- g ωc = 1.84 tanh 1.84 R P H ωi = H ρ H R W.Housner, 1963 Convective Mass (Sloshing) Impulsive Mass (Wall flexibility) Rigid Mass (Ground Motion) mi/ml mc/ml H/R

22 Introduction -Finite Element Analysis- F.E.M. A.L.E. Mesh Free (SPH) Characterization of Facilities and

23 Introduction Characterization of Facilities and -FEM - Radius R Height Tank Height Liquid H Filling Level Thickness Volume [m] [m] [m] [m] [m^3] Model A Model B Model C E = 2.1E + 11 N m, ρ = 7850 kg m, ρ = 1000 kg m, ν = 0.3 Acceleration [m/s^2] s Time [s] Earthquake code 173; station code 132; European Strong-Motion Data

24 Characterization of Facilities and Introduction Shell elements Solid elements Solution time (sec.) Model A Model B Model C LS-Dyna FEM program -FEM Models- MAT_1 for steel; isotropic elastic material; MAT_9, NULL material for liquid; This material takes account of the equation of state without computing deviatoric stress and also this material has no shear stiffness. It has no yield strength and behaves in fluid-like manner.

25 Characterization of Facilities and Introduction 1.50E E E E E E E+01 Base shear (MN) relaxation Earthquake LsDyna Lumped Mass EC Time (sec) -Results- γ=0.5

26 Introduction Characterization of Facilities and 3.00E E E E E E E+01 Base shear (MN) relaxation Earthquake LsDyna EC8 Lumped Mass Time (sec) -Results- γ= 1.0

27 Introduction Characterization of Facilities and 1.50E E E E E E E+01 Base shear (MN) relaxation Earthquake LsDyna Lumped Mass EC Time (sec) γ= 3.0 -Results-

28 Characterization of Facilities and Introduction 1,50E+01 1,00E+01 5,00E+00 0,00E+00-5,00E+00-1,00E+01-1,50E+01 3,00E+01 2,00E+01 1,00E+01 Base shear (MN) relaxation LsDyna Lumped Mass EC γ=0,5 Earthquake Base shear (MN) relaxation Earthquake Time (sec) LsDyna EC8 Lumped Mass 1,50E+01 1,00E+01 5,00E+00 0,00E+00-5,00E+00-1,00E+01-1,50E+01 -Results- Base shear (MN) relaxation Earthquake γ=3.0 LsDyna Lumped Mass EC8 Time (sec) 0,00E+00-1,00E+01-2,00E+01-3,00E γ=1.0 Time (sec)

29 Characterization of Facilities and Introduction s Definition of clear classification and standardization of industrial equipment from the structural perespective. Advanced FEM analyses have been carried out and a comparison between simplified models and simplified procedure proposed by Eurocode 8. A satisfactory capacity of simplified models to fit the overall response of tanks has been shown. Simplified procedures suggested by Eurocode are able to give good estimates of the peak base shear. Further investigations are needed to confirm such results and collect a significant number of case studies.

30 Introduction Characterization of Facilities and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The present study has been carried out in the frame-work of activities of the Interreg MEETING Re-search Project Mitigation of Earthquake Effects in Towns and Regional Districts whose support is gratefully acknowledged. Scientific coor-dinators: Prof. L. Deseri, Prof. G. Fabbrocino.