Vibration Analysis and Monitoring
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1 BETM 3583 Vibration Analysis and Monitoring Ahmad Yusuf Ismail 1 Mohd Afdhal bin Shamsudin 2 Nur Rashid bin Mat Md Din 3 Muhamad Azwar bin Azhari 4 1 ahmadyusuf.ismail@utem.edu.my 2 afdhal@utem.edu.my 3 nrashid@utem.edu.my 4 azwar@utem.edu.my
2 Contents 1. Vibration Testing / Measurement 2. Experimental modal analysis
3 Learning Outcome 1. Understand the procedure of vibration measurement 2. Understand the procedure for modal analysis experiment
4 Measuring vibration is the most important aspect in the vibration analysis. Without good data, good result can not be otained. Good data comes from good measurement. How to conduct a good measurement?
5 Vibration Source Vibration Sensor Signal Analyzer Computer Post Processing Device
6 Making a good measurement involves : - Selecting the correct transducer (Accelerometer/Velocity Trans./Displacement Probe) - Selecting the model that suits the environment (Low / high temp?, Low/High speed?) - Mounting the sensor correctly (Location? Position?)
7 - Selecting the correct Transducer Based on the experts experience : Low Frequency Region Middle Frequency Region High Frequency Region Hz
8 - Selecting the correct Transducer It is recommended by the experts : Low Frequency Region Middle Frequency Region High Frequency Region Proximity Probe Velocity Transducer Accelerometer Hz
9 - Selecting the correct Transducer However, using only Accelerometer will also capable to give all frequency range data, since : Acceleration = d dt (Velocity) = d2 dt 2 (Displacement)
10 - Selecting the correct Transducer Commercial Accelerometer (Bruel & Kjaer, Accelerometers & Conditioning, Product Catalogue, Bruel & Kjaer, 2009)
11 - Selecting the model that suits the environment Necessary : 1. Survey the machine : 1. Speed and Load 2. Bearing type 3. Number or rotor bar / blade / impeller 4. Sheave sizes 5. Number of teeth of gear / sprockets
12 - Selecting the model that suits the environment Necessary : 2. Survey the Environment : 1. Temperature 2. Maximum acceleration level 3. Moisture 4. Noise level 5. Space between machines 6. Magnetic fields
13 - Selecting the model that suits the environment Technology Piezoelectric general Piezoelectric high temperature Temperature range C to C C to C Cryogenic piezoelectric IEPE general type IEPE high temperature Piezoresistive C to C C to C C to C C to 66 0 C
14 - Mounting the sensor correctly Correct installation of the sensor is paramount to achieve good results Safe Access! no risk entangled, burned leaning over moving or rotating parts Good mechanical transmission path between the source and sensor
15 - Mounting the sensor correctly Mounting type : 1. Stud / Flange Type 2. Magnetic Type 3. Adhesive 4. Probe
16 - Mounting the sensor correctly (Weber, M. Piezoelectric Accelerometers, Theory and Application, Metra Mess und Frequenztechnik in Radebeul e.k., 2012)
17 - Typical mounting errors (Weber, M. Piezoelectric Accelerometers, Theory and Application, Metra Mess und Frequenztechnik in Radebeul e.k., 2012)
18 Experimental Modal Analysis Experimental Modal Analysis
19 Experimental Modal Analysis Modal analysis means a study of the dynamic character of a system which is determined independently from the loads applied and the response of the system Modes (also known as resonances are inherent properties of a structure. Modes or resonances are determined by the properties of the material (i.e. mass, stiffness, and damping properties), and also boundary conditions of the system.
20 Experimental Modal Analysis Recently, impact testing (also known as bump testing) has been widely spread and become a fast and economical ways to find the modes of vibration of a machine. Impact testing involves : Making FRF Measurement Modal Ecitation Techniques Modal Parameter Estimation
21 Experimental Modal Analysis FRF Measurement The FRF describes the input-output relation on a mechanical system (between two points ) as a function of frequency, as shown as F(t) X(t) Mechanical System F(ω) H(ω) X(ω) x =
22 Experimental Modal Analysis FRF is defined as the ratio between an output response X(ω) to the input force F(ω) Other names of FRF : Compliance = (displacement / force) Mobility = (velocity / force) Inertance / receptance = (acceleration / force) Dynamic stiffness = (1/compliance) Impedance = (1/mobility) Dynamic mass = (1/inertance)
23 Experimental Modal Analysis EXCITING MODE WITH IMPACT TESTING 1. Impact Hammer to measure the input force using a load cell on its head. 2. Accelerometer to measure the responce acceleration at fixed point & direction 3. FFT Analyzer to compute FRFs 4. Post processing modal software for identifying modal parameters and displaying the mode shape in animation.
24 Experimental Modal Analysis Impulse Response Impact Hammer Accelerometer Response Impulse Frequency Response Function (FRF) Signal Analyzer FFT Computer Post Processing Device
25 References Bruel & Kjaer, Accelerometers & Conditioning, Product Catalogue, Bruel & Kjaer, 2009 Weber, M. Piezoelectric Accelerometers, Theory and Application, Metra Mess und Frequenztechnik in Radebeul e.k., 2012
26 Thank you Q n A
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