IN the undergraduate Electrical Engineering curriculum
|
|
- Barnard Craig
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION, VOL. 40, NO. 4, NOVEMBER New Macromodels of a Switch for SPICE Applications Rajiv K. Swami and Raj Senani Abstract This paper is concerned with the macromodeling of a switch which is important from the point of view of SPICE simulation of dc dc converters, switching mode power supplies, and power electronic circuits. In this paper, some new macromodels of switches are introduced which are simpler and allow faster simulation times than a previously known model. The underlying principle and the mechanism of the proposed models has been explained in a manner suitable for educational purposes. Index Terms Macromodeling, switch modeling, switch simulation. I. INTRODUCTION IN the undergraduate Electrical Engineering curriculum there has been a growing use of SPICE for simulation of electronic circuits and it is being recognized that the integrated use of SPICE in evaluating circuit design helps students learn electronics in an environment similar to that of practicing electronic designers (see [1] [7] and the references cited therein). Of late there has been a continuous flow of new books on SPICE as well as integration of the use of SPICE in a large number of books, related to electronic devices and circuits, currently available from leading international publishers. Macromodeling forms an important part of learning and applying SPICE for the analysis and simulation of large electronic circuits and a considerable amount of literature exists on developing macromodels of various integrated circuits and devices; for example, see [8] and the references cited therein. The present paper is concerned with the macromodeling of a switch in terms of SPICE-acceptable elements, which is important from the point of view of SPICE simulation of dc dc converters, switching mode power supplies and power electronic circuits, etc., [9], [10]. Although PSPICE contains built-in macromodels of the so-called voltage-controlled and current-controlled switches, from the available source books on PSPICE (such as [11] [14]) it is not clear how PSPICE implements such switches 1 since the internal structure of the Manuscript received September 30, 1994; revised June 20, This work was performed at the Linear Integrated Circuits Laboratory of the Delhi Institute of Technology. R. K. Swami is with LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd, A-41, Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area, New Delhi , India. R. Senani is with Linear Integrated Circuits Laboratory, Division of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Institute of Technology, Old I.G. Block, Kashmere Gate, Delhi , India. Publisher Item Identifier S (97)07893-X. 1 Another analog simulation tool, namely, the SABER from Analogy Inc., USA, relies upon the use of discrete-time mathematical formulations (for simulating circuits containing periodically operated switches) rather than macromodeling the switch in terms of primitive circuit elements. switch model has not been described in the literature cited above [11] [14]. Some time back, Xu and Yu [9] proposed an equivalent circuit model for the switch employing SPICE-acceptable elements. In this paper, we present, three new macromodels of switches which are more efficient than the Xu Yu model while employing relatively lesser number of elements. Apart from introducing the new macromodels, this paper also explains clearly the underlying principle and the mechanism of the proposed models in a manner suitable for educational purposes. II. THE NEW MACROMODELS In order to understand the formulation of the new macromodels, let us first briefly review the Xu Yu formulation [9], reproduced here in Fig. 1(a). In this model is a voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS) having its magnitude controlled by the voltage across the resistor, with a gain of unity. is a VCVS characterized by the equation where is the control voltage whose waveform is shown in Fig. 1(b). Note that the constant of proportionality on the right-hand side of the above equation (having dimension of 1/volt) has been taken to be unity and 1 (inside the square brackets) implies 1 V. (Analogous considerations are assumed implicitly, unless otherwise specified, in all other characterizing equations which shall follow). The operation of this switch model is explained as follows. When is high, becomes zero and, in turn, equals (the voltage across ) and, consequently, voltage between terminals 1 and 2 (which is the sum of and ) becomes zero since as per the polarities shown,. As a result, the circuit behaves as a closed switch. Note that the ON resistance of the closed switch is zero. Similarly, when is low (i.e., equal to zero), becomes equal to and, consequently, the current in the resistor becomes zero and the circuit offers an open circuit between 1 and 2 and thus behaves like an open switch with off resistance. In order to create a macromodel for the switch, what is needed is that one devise an arrangement employing independent sources, controlled sources, and resistor(s) capable of offering zero voltage between terminals 1 and 2 (thereby implementing the closed position of a switch) or zero current flowing through the terminals 1 and 2 (thereby implementing (1) /97$ IEEE
2 274 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION, VOL. 40, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 1997 (a) (a) (b) (b) Fig. 1. (a) The equivalent circuit model of a switch proposed by Xu and Yu. (b) Waveform of the control voltage VC (t). the open position of a switch) dependent upon the two possible states of the control voltage (see Fig. 1(b)). Having recognized this basic principle, we now proceed to demonstrate that there are alternative ways of doing this. It may be pointed out, however, that although many different formulations, of varying complexity, are possible using various types of controlled sources, we have included here only those models which are simpler and more efficient than the Xu Yu model. Let us now consider the new macromodels shown in Fig. 2. The first proposal of Fig. 2(a) can be considered to be a new arrangement of the model of Fig. 1(a) obtained by noting that the two VCVS, namely and (where the latter is a polynomial VCVS), can be merged into a single polynomial VCVS characterized by the following equation: where is the voltage across the resistor. The operation of this configuration is as follows. From the above equation, note that when is, becomes, voltage between terminals 1 and 2 (i.e., ) becomes zero and, consequently, the circuit functions as a closed switch. On the other hand, when is zero, becomes equal to, current through the resistor becomes zero, and the circuit functions as an open switch. Similar to the Xu Yu switch, here also is zero and is infinite. The other two new macromodels of switches shown in Fig. 2(b) and (c) employ a single polynomial VCVS and a single polynomial current-controlled current source (CCCS), respectively, and achieve the same function. Consider first the characterizing equation for the VCCS in the model of Fig. 2(b) where is a free parameter which governs the value of (see Appendix I). The following two cases are of interest: Case I : With, injects a current of magnitude at node 1. With this equals the (2) (3) Fig. 2. (c) The proposed new macromodels of a switch. current, taken by resistor. Consequently, the net current flowing from terminal 1 to terminal 2 becomes zero. Thus the circuit functions as an open switch with. On the other hand, with, becomes zero thereby the current source connected between 1 and 2 becomes open circuit and the circuit behaves as a closed switch with a nonzero. Case II : With the operation is exactly the same as in Case I. With equal to along with, it can be shown (see Appendix I) that the equivalent resistance between 1 and 2 becomes and, consequently, the circuit acts as a closed switch with. Thus with, can be made very small (e.g., with, will be equal to 0.01 ). Finally, consider the macromodel of Fig. 2(c) where and are dummy voltage sources of zero magnitude with and being the currents through them, respectively. The CCCS is characterized by Note that since this model employs a CCCS, the control signal has been taken as a current signal whose waveform, however, is assumed to be analogous to that of Fig. 1(b). In view of the explanation given with respect to the model of Fig. 2(b), it can be easily deduced that the operation of this circuit with and would be similar to that of Fig. 2(b) (see Appendix I). III. VERIFICATION THROUGH SPICE SIMULATIONS An important criterion [15] of the suitability of a macromodel is that it must provide a balance between reasonable (4)
3 SWAMI AND SENANI: NEW MACROMODELS OF A SWITCH FOR SPICE APPLICATIONS 275 TABLE I RELATIVE COMPARISON OF RUN TIMES FOR DIFFERENT MACROMODELS Fig. 3. A general circuit arrangement for verifying the operation of different switch models of Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4. SPICE-generated output waveform (v 2 ) for the schematic of Fig. 3 obtained with the macromodel of the switch of Fig. 2(b). fidelity to the real part and a realistic simulation time. To check the new macromodels of Fig. 2 along with that of Fig. 1 from this viewpoint, these have been verified by SPICE simulations in the arrangement of Fig. 3, where is a sinusoidal signal (2 V (p-p); 1 khz) and the control signal is the pulse voltage source of magnitude 1 V with SPICE format [9] PW s, PER s for Fig. 2(a), (b) and a pulse current source of magnitude 1 A for Fig. 2(c); other parameters remaining the same. The load resistance taken was 1k although the model has been found to work exactly in the same manner for any values of between 1 to 1 M. In all cases, the time step for transient analysis was 1 s. In Figs. 1 and 2, ; and are dummy voltage sources of zero magnitude. A sample source file for the verification of the macromodel of Fig. 2(b) in the arrangement of Fig. 3 is shown in Appendix II and the waveform of the output voltage (obtained from simulating this circuit) is shown in Fig. 4. Identical results have been obtained with all other switches of Fig. 2 (and Fig. 1), thus confirming that performance-wise all the four macromodels are alike. However, when comparison of simulation times for various models is made they do behave differently. In this context, we recall that SPICE employs modified nodal analysis for solving network equations. The simulation time is directly proportional to the number of unknowns (node voltages, branch currents through voltage sources, etc.). A simple means to estimate the efficiency of a macromodel is to keep track of the number of internal nodes and voltage sources (independent voltage source and controlled voltage source) within a macromodel. Based on this simple rule, a total of five unknowns (excluding the external connections) are introduced for the Xu Yu switch model (Fig. 1(a)) and three unknowns in the case of the models of Fig. 2(a) and (c). However, the macromodel of Fig. 2(b) has only one unknown introduced and, hence, should be the most efficient implementation. A comparison of the simulation times (on an based IBM PC AT) taken by the new macromodels of Fig. 2 and the model of Fig. 1 is shown in Table I. As expected, it is found that all the new macromodels (viz. those in Fig. 2(a) (c)), require less simulation time than the Xu Yu model of Fig. 1 and that the model of Fig. 2(b) is indeed the most efficient (it takes 15.6% less time than the Xu Yu model). IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS Three new macromodels of a switch, which employ a lesser number of elements and allow faster simulation times than a previously published macromodel proposed by Xu and Yu, are introduced and explained. Out of the three proposed macromodels, that of Fig. 2(b) is the most economical in terms of simulation time. These models are expected to be useful for the user of SPICE in a number of applications. It is believed that the explanation of the underlying principle and the mechanism of the various macromodels would also serve as a tutorial material on this topic. APPENDIX I DERIVATION OF THE EQUIVALENT RESISTANCES FOR SWITCH MODELS OF FIG. 2(b) AND (c) Analysis of the Model of Fig. 2(b) The general form of the (3) can be written as (5)
4 276 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION, VOL. 40, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 1997 where and are the constants of proportionality having dimensions ampere volt and volts, respectively. The current flowing from terminal 1 toward terminal 2 can be determined from the node equation (6) When, the equivalent resistance derived from the above equation is, therefore, found to be with 1 A/V, 1V, 1, becomes infinite and the circuit functions as an off switch with. Similarly, when 1 V, the equivalent resistance is found to be with 1 A/V, 1V, 1, becomes and circuit functions as an on switch with ohms. Analysis of the Model of Fig. 2(c) For the model of Fig. 2(c), the general form of (4) can be written as (9) where and are constants having dimensions 1/ampere and ampere, respectively. The current flowing from terminal 1 toward terminal 2 can be determined from the node equation (10a) where (7) (8) (10b) When, is also zero, and the equivalent resistance derived from the above equations is found to be (11) with (1/ampere), (ampere), becomes infinite, and the circuit functions as an off switch with. Similarly, when 1 A (i.e., 1 A), the equivalent resistance is found to be (12) with (1/ampere), 1 A, and 1, becomes, and the circuit functions as an on switch with. APPENDIX II *Source file for the verification of the macromodel of *Fig. 2(b) in the arrangement of Fig. 3. VIN 1 0 SIN(0 1V 1kHz).TRAN 1US 1MS X SW2b.SUBCKT SW2b123 R RF G1 2 1 POLY(2) (1, 2) (3, 0) ENDS RL201K VC 3 0 PULSE(0 1V US 100US).OPTIONS ITL5 = 0 ACCT.PROBE.END ACKNOWLEDGMENT The second author (RS) wishes to thank MicroSim Corporation (USA) for supplying evaluation versions of PSPICE which were used in the simulations pertaining to this work. REFERENCES [1] Special issue on Computation and Computers in Electrical Engineering Education, IEEE Trans. Educ., vol. 36, no. 1, Feb (please see all the papers concerning SPICE included therein). [2] S. Natrajan, An effective approach to obtain Model parameters for BJT s and FET s from data books, IEEE Trans. Educ., vol. 35, pp , May [3] S. Prigozy, Novel applications of SPICE in engineering education, IEEE Trans. Educ., vol. 32, pp , Feb [4] L. V. Hmurcik, M. Hettinger, K. S. Gottschalck, and F. C. Fitchen, SPICE application to an undergraduate electronics program, IEEE Trans. Educ., vol. 33, pp , May [5] N. R. Malik, Determining SPICE parameter values for BJT s, IEEE Trans. Educ., vol. 33, pp , Aug [6] N. R. Desai, K. V. Hoang, and G. J. Sonek, Applications of PSPICE simulation software to the study of photoelectronic integrated circuits and devices, IEEE Trans. Educ., vol. 36, pp , Nov [7] H. Nielinger, Digital (IIR) filter biquad section simulated with SPICE, IEEE Trans. Educ., vol. 36, pp , Nov [8] J. A. Connelly and P. Choi, Macromodeling with SPICE. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, [9] J. Xu and Y. Yu, Equivalent circuit models of switches for SPICE simulation, Electron. Lett., vol. 24, no. 7, pp , (The present authors did not succeed in accessing references 1 and 2 and a footnoted reference cited therein.) [10] Y. C. Liang and V. J. Gosbell, A versatile switch model for power electronics SPICE2 simulations, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 36, pp , [11] M. H. Rashid, SPICE for Circuits and Electronics Using PSPICE. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1988, ch. 5, pp [12] P. W. Tuinenga, A Guide to Circuit Simulation and Analysis Using PSPICE Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1992, Appendix C, pp. 236, 239. [13] W. Banzhaf, Computer Aided Circuit Analysis Using PSPICE. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Regents/Prentice Hall, 1992, ch. 2, pp [14] J. Keown, PSPICE and Circuit Analysis New York: Macmillan, 1991, ch. 11, pp [15] W. Jung, Questions and the answers on the SPICE macromodel library, Linear Technol. Applic. Note, no. 41, Apr Rajiv K. Swami was born in Gwalior, India, on January 8, He received the B.E. degree in electrical engineering from M.N.R. Engineering College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India. He was associated with Delhi Institute of Technology, Delhi, India (from 1991 to 1994) and taught various courses of electronics and communication engineering curriculum to undergraduate students. Apart from the above he was also doing research under the guidance of Dr. R. Senani and was involved in simulation and modeling of devices, circuits, and systems. In 1994 he joined Sony India Pvt. Ltd., a subsidiary of Sony Corporation, Japan, and was involved in imparting training in consumer electronics to service engineers for the repairs of the audio, video, and telecommunication products of the organization. He has recently joined LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd., a subsidiary of LG Electronics Inc., Korea. His research interests are in areas of SPICE simulation and modeling of electronic devices, linear integrated circuits, as well as bipolar and MOS integrated circuits. His earlier publication had been in the same areas of SPICE simulation and modeling.
5 SWAMI AND SENANI: NEW MACROMODELS OF A SWITCH FOR SPICE APPLICATIONS 277 Raj Senani was born in Budaun, India, on March 14, He received the B.Sc. degree from Lucknow University, the B.Sc.Engg. degree from Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur, and the M.E. (Honors) and Ph.D. degrees, both in electrical engineering, from Motilal Nehru Regional Engineering College, Allahabad, University of Allahabad, India. He held the position of Lecturer ( ) and Reader ( ) at the Electrical Engineering Department of M.N.R. Engineering College, Allahabad. He joined the Division of Electronics and Communication Engineering of the Delhi Institute of Technology in 1988 as an Assistant Professor and became a Professor in He served as Head of the Division of Electronics and Communication Engineering ( ), Head of Applied Sciences Department ( ), Dean of Postgraduate Studies and Research ( ), and Director of the Delhi Institute of Technology during He is currently serving as Head of the Division of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Head of the Division of Manufacturing Process and Automation Engineering, and Dean (Academic). His research interests are in the areas of bipolar and MOS analog integrated circuits and systems, network synthesis and filter design, current-mode signal processing and SPICE simulation and modeling. He has over 70 research papers published in international journals. He has been on the Editorial Board of the Journal of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE), India, since 1986 and that of the Student Journal of the IETE since He was the Honorary Editor of the Journal of the IETE in the area of Circuits and Systems during , and has been serving as Editorial Reviewer for a number of IEEE (USA), IEE (UK), and other international publications.
E2.2 Analogue Electronics
E2.2 Analogue Electronics Instructor : Christos Papavassiliou Office, email : EE 915, c.papavas@imperial.ac.uk Lectures : Monday 2pm, room 408 (weeks 2-11) Thursday 3pm, room 509 (weeks 4-11) Problem,
More informationGeorgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Midterm-1 Exam (Solution)
Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Midterm-1 Exam (Solution) ECE-6414 Spring 2012 Friday, Feb. 17, 2012 Duration: 50min First name Solutions Last name Solutions
More informationModification of a Sophomore Linear Systems Course to Reflect Modern Computing Strategies
Session 3220 Modification of a Sophomore Linear Systems Course to Reflect Modern Computing Strategies Raymond G. Jacquot, Jerry C. Hamann, John E. McInroy Electrical Engineering Department, University
More information15EE103L ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB RECORD
15EE103L ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB RECORD REGISTER NO: NAME OF THE STUDENT: SEMESTER: DEPARTMENT: INDEX SHEET S.No. Date of Experiment Name of the Experiment Date of submission Marks Staff Sign 1 Verification
More informationSensitivity Analysis of Coupled Resonator Filters
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II: ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 47, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2000 1017 Sensitivity Analysis of Coupled Resonator Filters Smain Amari, Member, IEEE Abstract
More informationA Generalized Reverse Jacket Transform
684 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II: ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 48, NO. 7, JULY 2001 A Generalized Reverse Jacket Transform Moon Ho Lee, Senior Member, IEEE, B. Sundar Rajan,
More informationNotes for course EE1.1 Circuit Analysis TOPIC 10 2-PORT CIRCUITS
Objectives: Introduction Notes for course EE1.1 Circuit Analysis 4-5 Re-examination of 1-port sub-circuits Admittance parameters for -port circuits TOPIC 1 -PORT CIRCUITS Gain and port impedance from -port
More informationIMPLEMENTING EXTRA ELEMENT THEOREM USING NULLOR APPROACH
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUIT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS Int. J. Circ. ¹heor. Appl., 27, 267 273 (1999) LETTER TO THE EDITOR IMPLEMENTING EXTRA ELEMENT THEOREM USING NULLOR APPROACH V. S. MURALI AND C.
More informationFrom this analogy you can deduce some rules that you should keep in mind during all your electronics work:
Resistors, Volt and Current Posted on April 4, 2008, by Ibrahim KAMAL, in General electronics, tagged In this article we will study the most basic component in electronics, the resistor and its interaction
More informationELECTRIC CIRCUITS I (ELCT 301)
German University in Cairo Faculty of Information Engineering and Technology (IET) ELECTRIC CIRCUITS I (ELCT 301) LECTURE 1: BASIC CONCEPTS COURSE INSTRUCTOR Instructor: Prof. Dr. Eng. Yasser G. Hegazy
More informationTwo-Layer Network Equivalent for Electromagnetic Transients
1328 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 18, NO. 4, OCTOBER 2003 Two-Layer Network Equivalent for Electromagnetic Transients Mohamed Abdel-Rahman, Member, IEEE, Adam Semlyen, Life Fellow, IEEE, and
More informationDesign Engineering MEng EXAMINATIONS 2016
IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON Design Engineering MEng EXAMINATIONS 2016 For Internal Students of the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine This paper is also taken for the relevant examination
More informationCircuit Analysis-II. Circuit Analysis-II Lecture # 5 Monday 23 rd April, 18
Circuit Analysis-II Capacitors in AC Circuits Introduction ü The instantaneous capacitor current is equal to the capacitance times the instantaneous rate of change of the voltage across the capacitor.
More informationUpdated: Page 1 of 6
MASTER SYLLABUS 2018-2019 A. Academic Division: Business, Industry, and Technology B. Discipline: Electronic Engineering Technology C. Course Number and Title: ELET1510 DC Electricity D. Course Coordinator:
More informationMAGNETIC HYSTERESIS MODELING AND VISUALIZATION FOR SPICE BASED ENVIRONMENTS
MAGNETIC HYSTERESIS MODELING AND VISUALIZATION FOR SPICE BASED ENVIRONMENTS Boyanka Marinova Nikolova Faculty of Telecommunication, Technical University of Sofia, Studenstki Grad, TU-Sofia, block 1, room
More informationOptimum Sampling Vectors for Wiener Filter Noise Reduction
58 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 50, NO. 1, JANUARY 2002 Optimum Sampling Vectors for Wiener Filter Noise Reduction Yukihiko Yamashita, Member, IEEE Absact Sampling is a very important and
More informationNovel Approach to Develop Behavioral Model Of 12-Pulse Converter
Novel Approach to Develop Behavioral Model Of 12-Pulse Converter Amit Sanglikar, and Vinod John, Member, IEEE Abstract--A novel approach to develop behavioral model of 12- pulse converter, which reduces
More informationChapter 2 Direct Current Circuits
Chapter 2 Direct Current Circuits 2.1 Introduction Nowadays, our lives are increasingly dependent upon the availability of devices that make extensive use of electric circuits. The knowledge of the electrical
More informationCompact Distributed RLC Interconnect Models Part I: Single Line Transient, Time Delay, and Overshoot Expressions
2068 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES, VOL. 47, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2000 Compact Distributed RLC Interconnect Models Part I: Single Line Transient, Time Delay, and Overshoot Expressions Jeffrey A. Davis
More informationExperiment 9 Equivalent Circuits
Experiment 9 Equivalent Circuits Name: Jason Johnson Course/Section: ENGR 361-04 Date Performed: November 15, 2001 Date Submitted: November 29, 2001 In keeping with the honor code of the School of Engineering,
More informationAP Physics B 1980 Free Response Questions
AP Physics B 1980 Free Response Questions The materials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation in the classroom; permission for any other use must be
More informationChapter 2 Voltage-, Current-, and Z-source Converters
Chapter 2 Voltage-, Current-, and Z-source Converters Some fundamental concepts are to be introduced in this chapter, such as voltage sources, current sources, impedance networks, Z-source, two-port network,
More informationOn the Application of Superposition to Dependent Sources in Circuit Analysis
1 On the Application of Superposition to Dependent Sources in Circuit Analysis W Marshall Leach, Jr c Copyright 1994-009 All rights reserved Abstract Many introductory circuits texts state or imply that
More informationA Nonlinear Dynamic S/H-ADC Device Model Based on a Modified Volterra Series: Identification Procedure and Commercial CAD Tool Implementation
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, VOL. 52, NO. 4, AUGUST 2003 1129 A Nonlinear Dynamic S/H-ADC Device Model Based on a Modified Volterra Series: Identification Procedure and Commercial
More informationarxiv: v1 [cs.oh] 18 Jan 2016
SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE IN LINEAR NETWORKS WITH CONTROLLED SOURCES arxiv:64563v [csoh] 8 Jan 26 CIRO VISONE Abstract The manuscript discusses a well-known issue that, despite its fundamental role in basic
More informationLearning Material Ver 1.2
RLC Resonance Trainer Learning Material Ver.2 Designed & Manufactured by: 4-A, Electronic Complex, Pardesipura, Indore- 452 00 India, Tel.: 9-73-42500, Telefax: 9-73-4202959, Toll free: 800-03-5050, E-mail:
More informationLecture PowerPoints. Chapter 18 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 18 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for
More informationECE 220 Laboratory 4 Volt Meter, Comparators, and Timer
ECE 220 Laboratory 4 Volt Meter, Comparators, and Timer Michael W. Marcellin Please follow all rules, procedures and report requirements as described at the beginning of the document entitled ECE 220 Laboratory
More information(Refer Slide Time: 1:49)
Analog Electronic Circuits Professor S. C. Dutta Roy Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Lecture no 14 Module no 01 Midband analysis of FET Amplifiers (Refer Slide
More informationA Survey of Fast Analog Circuit Analysis Algorithm using SPICE
A Survey of Fast Analog Circuit Analysis Algorithm using SPICE T.Murugajothi Assistant Professor, PSNA College of Engineering & Technology, Tamilnadu, India jothyece@gmail.com Abstract This paper presents
More informationComputing running DCTs and DSTs based on their second-order shift properties
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Engineering Information Sciences 000 Computing running DCTs DSTs based on their second-order shift properties
More informationFundamentals of Electrical Circuit Analysis
Fundamentals of Electrical Circuit Analysis Md. Abdus Salam Quazi Mehbubar Rahman Fundamentals of Electrical Circuit Analysis 123 Md. Abdus Salam Electrical and Electronic Engineering Programme Area, Faculty
More informationEXP. NO. 3 Power on (resistive inductive & capacitive) load Series connection
OBJECT: To examine the power distribution on (R, L, C) series circuit. APPARATUS 1-signal function generator 2- Oscilloscope, A.V.O meter 3- Resisters & inductor &capacitor THEORY the following form for
More informationMAPLE for CIRCUITS and SYSTEMS
2520 MAPLE for CIRCUITS and SYSTEMS E. L. Gerber, Ph.D Drexel University ABSTRACT There are three popular software programs used to solve circuits problems: Maple, MATLAB, and Spice. Each one has a different
More informationDopant Profile and Gate Geometric Effects on Polysilicon Gate Depletion in Scaled MOS
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES, VOL. 49, NO. 7, JULY 2002 1227 Dopant Profile and Gate Geometric Effects on Polysilicon Gate Depletion in Scaled MOS Chang-Hoon Choi, Student Member, IEEE, P. R.
More information6.012 Electronic Devices and Circuits
Page 1 of 10 YOUR NAME Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 6.012 Electronic Devices and Circuits Exam No. 2 Thursday, November 5, 2009 7:30 to
More informationProbabilistic Analysis of Random Test Generation Method
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS, VOL. c-24, NO. 7, JULY 1975 Probabilistic Analysis of Random Test Generation Method for Irredundant Combinational Logic Networks 691 PRATHIMA AGRAWAL, STUDENT MEMBER, IEEE,
More informationLow-Sensitivity, Highpass Filter Design with Parasitic Compensation
Low-Sensitivity, Highpass Filter Design with Parasitic Compensation Introduction This Application Note covers the design of a Sallen-Key highpass biquad. This design gives low component and op amp sensitivities.
More informationPhysics - Grade 12. Revision Sheet for the Final Exam / Second Term. Academic Year: 2018/2019. Student s Name:.. Date: /3/2018
Physics - Grade 12 Revision Sheet for the Final Exam / Second Term Academic Year: 2018/2019 Student s Name:.. Date: /3/2018 Required Material: Chapter 18: Sections 1,2 & 3 (Textbook Pages: 628-661) Chapter
More informationNetworks and Systems Prof. V. G. K. Murti Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Networks and Systems Prof. V. G. K. Murti Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Lecture - 34 Network Theorems (1) Superposition Theorem Substitution Theorem The next
More informationالمحاضرة األولى. Electrical Circuits Analysis فهمى الخولى
المحاضرة األولى Electrical Circuits Analysis أ.د. فهمى الخولى Level 1 No. of Hrs/Week: Lecture 2 Tutorial 2 Time: Tusday 10:45-12:15 A.M. Location: L 316 Instructor Information Name: Prof. Fahmy El-Khouly
More informationSYMBOLIC ANALYSIS OF LINEAR ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
SYMBOLIC ANALYSIS OF LINEAR ELECTRIC CIRCUITS I. Tomčíová Technical university in Košice, Slovaia Abstract In present days there exist lots of programs such as PSPICE, TINA, which enable to solve circuits
More informationUC DAVIS. Circuits I Course Outline
UC DAVIS Circuits I Course Outline ENG 17 Professor Spencer Fall 2010 2041 Kemper Hall Lecture: MWF 4:10-5:00, 1003 Giedt Hall 752-6885 Discussion Section 1: W 1:10-2:00, 55 Roessler CRN: 61417 Discussion
More informationIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 22, NO. 1, JANUARY /$ IEEE
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 22, NO. 1, JANUARY 2007 195 Analysis of Half-Turn Effect in Power Transformers Using Nonlinear-Transient FE Formulation G. B. Kumbhar, S. V. Kulkarni, Member,
More informationSimulation of Direct Torque Control of Induction motor using Space Vector Modulation Methodology
International OPEN ACCESS Journal Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Simulation of Direct Torque Control of Induction motor using Space Vector Modulation Methodology Arpit S. Bhugul 1, Dr. Archana
More informationConstraint relationship for reflectional symmetry and rotational symmetry
Journal of Electronic Imaging 10(4), 1 0 (October 2001). Constraint relationship for reflectional symmetry and rotational symmetry Dinggang Shen Johns Hopkins University Department of Radiology Baltimore,
More informationSAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER
IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON Design Engineering MEng EXAMINATIONS 2016 For Internal Students of the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine This paper is also taken for the relevant examination
More informationENGR 2405 Class No Electric Circuits I
ENGR 2405 Class No. 48056 Electric Circuits I Dr. R. Williams Ph.D. rube.williams@hccs.edu Electric Circuit An electric circuit is an interconnec9on of electrical elements Charge Charge is an electrical
More informationSWITCHED reluctance motor (SRM) drives have been
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 45, NO. 5, OCTOBER 1998 815 A Novel Power Converter with Voltage-Boosting Capacitors for a Four-Phase SRM Drive Yasser G. Dessouky, Barry W. Williams,
More informationTitle without the persistently exciting c. works must be obtained from the IEE
Title Exact convergence analysis of adapt without the persistently exciting c Author(s) Sakai, H; Yang, JM; Oka, T Citation IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL 55(5): 2077-2083 PROCESS Issue Date 2007-05 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/50544
More informationJFET Homework. Nov. 4, 2007, rev. Nov. 12, 2015
Nov. 4, 2007, rev. Nov. 12, 2015 These homework problems provide practice with analysis and design involving the most common type of JFET circuits. There is one problem for each type of circuit. Answers
More informationMeeting of Modern Science and School Physics: College for School Teachers of Physics in ICTP. 27 April - 3 May, 2011
2234-13 Meeting of Modern Science and School Physics: College for School Teachers of Physics in ICTP 27 April - 3 May, 2011 Computer based tools for active learning in the introductory physics course David
More informationTransient Analysis of Separately Excited DC Motor and Braking of DC Motor Using Numerical Technique
Journal homepage: www.mjret.in ISSN:2348-6953 Transient Analysis of Separately Excited DC Motor and Braking of DC Motor Using Numerical Technique Pavan R Patil, Javeed Kittur, Pavankumar M Pattar, Prajwal
More informationECE Spring 2017 Final Exam
ECE 20100 Spring 2017 Final Exam May 2, 2017 Section (circle below) Qi (12:30) 0001 Tan (10:30) 0004 Hosseini (7:30) 0005 Cui (1:30) 0006 Jung (11:30) 0007 Lin (9:30) 0008 Peleato-Inarrea (2:30) 0009 Name
More informationDC Circuits Analysis
Western Technical College 10660117 DC Circuits Analysis Course Outcome Summary Course Information Description Career Cluster Instructional Level Total Credits 2.00 Total Hours 54.00 This course provides
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Elad Alon Homework #2 EECS141 Due Thursday, September 9, 5pm, box in 240 Cory PROBLEM
More informationAn Equivalent Circuit Formulation of the Power Flow Problem with Current and Voltage State Variables
An Equivalent Circuit Formulation of the Power Flow Problem with Current and Voltage State Variables David M. Bromberg, Marko Jereminov, Xin Li, Gabriela Hug, Larry Pileggi Dept. of Electrical and Computer
More informationBasic Electrical Circuits Analysis ECE 221
Basic Electrical Circuits Analysis ECE 221 PhD. Khodr Saaifan http://trsys.faculty.jacobs-university.de k.saaifan@jacobs-university.de 1 2 Reference: Electric Circuits, 8th Edition James W. Nilsson, and
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL MODELWITH USING SVI FOR THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL MODELWITH USING SVI FOR THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR MUKESH KUMAR ARYA * Electrical Engg. Department, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, Gwalior, 474005,
More informationNotes for course EE1.1 Circuit Analysis TOPIC 4 NODAL ANALYSIS
Notes for course EE1.1 Circuit Analysis 2004-05 TOPIC 4 NODAL ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES 1) To develop Nodal Analysis of Circuits without Voltage Sources 2) To develop Nodal Analysis of Circuits with Voltage
More informationTransmission Line Teaching Aids Using Slowwave Transmission Line Technique
Forum for Electromagnetic Research Methods and Application Technologies (FERMAT) Transmission Line Teaching Aids Using Slowwave Transmission Line Technique Guan-Lin Chen, Yu-Ying Li, Yu-Xuan Wang, Zuo-Min
More informationEE292: Fundamentals of ECE
EE292: Fundamentals of ECE Fall 2012 TTh 10:00-11:15 SEB 1242 Lecture 4 120906 http://www.ee.unlv.edu/~b1morris/ee292/ 2 Outline Review Voltage Divider Current Divider Node-Voltage Analysis 3 Network Analysis
More informationNew Simultaneous Switching Noise Analysis and Modeling for High-Speed and High-Density CMOS IC Package Design
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING, VOL. 23, NO. 2, MAY 2000 303 New Simultaneous Switching Noise Analysis and Modeling for High-Speed and High-Density CMOS IC Package Design Yungseon Eo, Member,
More informationParallel VLSI CAD Algorithms. Lecture 1 Introduction Zhuo Feng
Parallel VLSI CAD Algorithms Lecture 1 Introduction Zhuo Feng 1.1 Prof. Zhuo Feng Office: EERC 513 Phone: 487-3116 Email: zhuofeng@mtu.edu Class Website http://www.ece.mtu.edu/~zhuofeng/ee5900spring2012.html
More informationECE 2100 Circuit Analysis
ECE 2100 Circuit Analysis Lesson 3 Chapter 2 Ohm s Law Network Topology: nodes, branches, and loops Daniel M. Litynski, Ph.D. http://homepages.wmich.edu/~dlitynsk/ esistance ESISTANCE = Physical property
More informationPrerequisites: Successful completion of PHYS 2222 General Physics (Calculus) with a grade of C or better.
Prepared by: P. Blake Reviewed by: M. Mayfield Date prepared: March 13, 2017 C&GE approved: April 17, 2017 Board approved: May 10, 2017 Semester effective: Spring 2018 Engineering (ENGR) 2000 Circuit Analysis
More informationSCIENCE STUDENT BOOK. 12th Grade Unit 7
SCIENCE STUDENT BOOK 12th Grade Unit 7 Unit 7 ELECTRIC CURRENTS SCIENCE 1207 ELECTRIC CURRENTS INTRODUCTION 3 1. CURRENT 5 CONCEPTS 5 ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE 7 FLUID FLOW 8 ELECTRICAL CURRENT FLOW 11 SELF
More informationChapter 33 - Electric Fields and Potential. Chapter 34 - Electric Current
Chapter 33 - Electric Fields and Potential Chapter 34 - Electric Current Electric Force acts through a field An electric field surrounds every electric charge. It exerts a force that causes electric charges
More informationApplication Note. Self-Powered Solar Tracking Sensor AN-CM-252
Application Note Self-Powered Solar Tracking Sensor AN-CM-252 Abstract The application note will present the design of a simple self-powered solar tracking sensor circuit based upon the Dialog Semiconductors
More informationChapter 6.2 : A C Bridges for measurement of Capacitances and Inductances. Discipline Course-I
Discipline Course-I Semester-II Paper No: Electricity and Magnetism Lesson: Chapter 6.2 : A C Bridges for measurement of Capacitances and Inductances Lesson Developer: Dr. Narmata Soni College/ Department:
More informationDesigning Information Devices and Systems I Fall 2018 Lecture Notes Note Introduction: Op-amps in Negative Feedback
EECS 16A Designing Information Devices and Systems I Fall 2018 Lecture Notes Note 18 18.1 Introduction: Op-amps in Negative Feedback In the last note, we saw that can use an op-amp as a comparator. However,
More informationExperiment 5 Voltage Divider Rule for Series Circuits
Experiment 5 Voltage Divider Rule for Series Circuits EL - DC Fundamentals By: Walter Banzhaf, E.K. Smith, and Winfield Young University of Hartford Ward College of Technology Objectives:. For the student
More informationNETWORK ANALYSIS WITH APPLICATIONS
NETWORK ANALYSIS WITH APPLICATIONS Third Edition William D. Stanley Old Dominion University Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey I Columbus, Ohio CONTENTS 1 BASIC CIRCUIT LAWS 1 1-1 General Plan
More informationConventional Paper-I-2011 PART-A
Conventional Paper-I-0 PART-A.a Give five properties of static magnetic field intensity. What are the different methods by which it can be calculated? Write a Maxwell s equation relating this in integral
More informationSeries & Parallel Resistors 3/17/2015 1
Series & Parallel Resistors 3/17/2015 1 Series Resistors & Voltage Division Consider the single-loop circuit as shown in figure. The two resistors are in series, since the same current i flows in both
More information(310) N E W S L E T T E R. Copyright intusoft, April1988
(310) 833-0710 Personal Computer Circuit Design Tools N E W S L E T T E R Copyright intusoft, April1988 An update package is being prepared for release later this year. Included will be changes and additions
More informationKYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF IT ENGINEERING CIRCUIT THEORY (ELEC 243-003) Assoc Prof. Kalyana Veluvolu Office: IT1-817 Tel: 053-950-7232 E-mail: veluvolu@ee.knu.ac.kr http://ncbs.knu.ac.kr
More informationMILITARY SPECIFICATION MICROCIRCUITS, DIGITAL, BIPOLAR, TTL, DECODERS MONOLITHIC SILICON. Inactive for new design after 7 September 1995.
INCH-POUND 16 February 2005 SUPERSEDING MIL-M-38510/10C 3 March 1986 MILITARY SPECIFICATION MICROCIRCUITS, DIGITAL, BIPOLAR, TTL, DECODERS MONOLITHIC SILICON This specification is approved for use by all
More informationALGEBRA II GRADES [LEVEL 1] EWING PUBLIC SCHOOLS 1331 Lower Ferry Road Ewing, NJ 08618
ALGEBRA II GRADES 10-11 [LEVEL 1] EWING PUBLIC SCHOOLS 1331 Lower Ferry Road Ewing, NJ 08618 BOE Approval Date: 5/23/05 Written by: Saundra Conte Raymond Broach Keri Havel Superintendent Mary Sedhom TABLE
More informationField-Effect (FET) transistors
Field-Effect (FET) transistors References: Barbow (Chapter 8), Rizzoni (chapters 8 & 9) In a field-effect transistor (FET), the width of a conducting channel in a semiconductor and, therefore, its current-carrying
More informationArduino Software: How long before my battery is dead?, version 2.4
Arduino Software: How long before my battery is dead?, version 2.4 By R. G. Sparber Protected by Creative Commons. 1 When powering an Arduino from a battery, it can be useful to be able to monitor available
More informationThe process of analysing a circuit using the Laplace technique can be broken down into a series of straightforward steps:
Analysis of a series RLC circuit using Laplace Transforms Part. How to do it. The process of analysing a circuit using the Laplace technique can be broken down into a series of straightforward steps:.
More informationA Calculation Method of Neutral Current of Two Step type Pole in Distribution Line
A Calculation Method of Neutral Current of Two Step type Pole in Distribution Line K. W. Park, S. B. Rhee, H. C. Seo, C. H. Kim Abstract n most wye connected distribution system, a neutral current exist
More informationUnified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) Based Damping Controllers for Damping Low Frequency Oscillations in a Power System
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) Based Damping Controllers for Damping Low Frequency Oscillations in a Power System (Ms) N Tambey, Non-member Prof M L Kothari, Member This paper presents a systematic
More informationElectricity and Magnetism Module 4 Student Guide
Electricity and Magnetism Module 4 Student Guide Note: each time you are finished with a circuit we ask that you disconnect all wires, so that the next circuit you investigate starts with a blank slate.
More informationDATA receivers for digital transmission and storage systems
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II: EXPRESS BRIEFS, VOL. 52, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2005 621 Effect of Loop Delay on Phase Margin of First-Order Second-Order Control Loops Jan W. M. Bergmans, Senior
More informationSTATEWIDE CAREER/TECHNICAL EDUCATION COURSE ARTICULATION REVIEW MINUTES
STATEWIDE CAREER/TECHNICAL EDUCATION COURSE ARTICULATION REVIEW MINUTES Articulation Agreement Identifier: _ELT 107/ELT 108 (2011-1) Plan-of-Instruction version number (e.g.; INT 100 (2007-1)). Identifier
More informationA Power System Dynamic Simulation Program Using MATLAB/ Simulink
A Power System Dynamic Simulation Program Using MATLAB/ Simulink Linash P. Kunjumuhammed Post doctoral fellow, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
More informationChapter 32A AC Circuits. A PowerPoint Presentation by Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics Southern Polytechnic State University
Chapter 32A AC Circuits A PowerPoint Presentation by Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics Southern Polytechnic State University 2007 Objectives: After completing this module, you should be able to: Describe
More informationElectric Currents and Circuits
Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 19 Electric Currents and Circuits Marilyn Akins, PhD Broome Community College Electric Circuits The motion of charges leads to the idea of
More informationBFF1303: ELECTRICAL / ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
BFF1303: ELECTRICAL / ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Introduction Ismail Mohd Khairuddin, Zulkifil Md Yusof Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Introduction BFF1303 ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS
More information798 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II: ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 44, NO. 10, OCTOBER 1997
798 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II: ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL 44, NO 10, OCTOBER 1997 Stochastic Analysis of the Modulator Differential Pulse Code Modulator Rajesh Sharma,
More informationIntroducing Chaotic Circuits in Analog Systems Course
Friday Afternoon Session - Faculty Introducing Chaotic Circuits in Analog Systems Course Cherif Aissi Department of Industrial Technology University of Louisiana at Lafayette Mohammed Zubair Department
More information3C3 Analogue Circuits
Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Trinity College Dublin, 2014 3C3 Analogue Circuits Prof J K Vij jvij@tcd.ie Lecture 1: Introduction/ Semiconductors & Doping 1 Course Outline (subject
More informationGrade 6 Math Circles. Circuits
Faculty of Mathematics Waterloo, Ontario NL 3G Electricity Grade 6 Math Circles March 8/9, 04 Circuits Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing Electricity is a type of energy that deals with
More informationAnalog Simulation. Digital simulation. Analog simulation. discrete values. discrete timing. continuous values. continuous timing
Analog Simulation Digital simulation discrete values bit, boolean, enumerated, integer exception - floating point discrete timing cycle based - uniform time intervals event based - nonuniform time intervals
More informationModelling and Teaching of Magnetic Circuits
Asian Power Electronics Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, Aug 2007 Modelling and Teaching of Magnetic Circuits Yim-Shu Lee 1 and Martin H.L. Chow 2 Abstract In the analysis of magnetic circuits, reluctances are
More informationThe Effects of Mutual Coupling and Transformer Connection Type on Frequency Response of Unbalanced Three Phases Electrical Distribution System
IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 1, Issue 9, 2013 ISSN (online): 2321-0613 The Effects of Mutual Coupling and Transformer Connection Type on Frequency Response of
More informationMILITARY SPECIFICATION MICROCIRCUITS, DIGITAL, BIPOLAR, SCHOTTKY TTL, FLIP-FLOPS, CASCADABLE, MONOLITHIC SILICON
INCH-POUND 2 November 2005 SUPERSEDING MIL-M-38510/71C 23 July 1984 MILITARY SPECIFICATION MICROCIRCUITS, DIGITAL, BIPOLAR, SCHOTTKY TTL, FLIP-FLOPS, CASCADABLE, MONOLITHIC SILICON This specification is
More informationLED lamp driving technology using variable series-parallel charge pump
LETTER IEICE Electronics Express, Vol.10, No.13, 1 7 LED lamp driving technology using variable series-parallel charge pump Jeongduk Ryeom a) Department of Electrical Engineering, Soongsil University,
More information