Figures. Quality Management in the Automotive Industry. Capability of Measurement Processes
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1 Verband der Automobilindustrie Quality Management in the Automotive Industry 5 Capability of Measurement Processes Capability of Measuring Systems Capability of Measurement Processes Expanded Measurement Uncertainty Conformity Assessment Figures 2 nd completely revised edition 2010, updated July
2 increasing measurement uncertainty U MP non-conformance zone L conformance zone uncertainty uncertainty range range U specification phase (construction) non-conformance zone verification phase (production) Chapter Figure 1 - Page 22 outside the tolerance work piece tolerance within the tolerance outside the tolerance Figure 1: Uncertainty ranges and conformance or non-conformance zones 3
3 4 Man Object Evaluation Method Environment Qualification Measuring points total Physical constitution Psychical constitution tactile touch Measuring points layout Motivation contact-free Capacity Resolution Material Stability Shape Discipline Care Time/cost Surface Sensibility Measuring range Mathemat. models Accessibility Measurement value composition Calibration/ justification Computer applicat ion random measurement deviations not recorded bias Setting uncertainty Pressure Statistical method Position Temperature Location Humidit y Shape Soiling Stability Voltage Elect ricity Illumination Shape/ Position Measurement stability Vibrations Surf ace texture Type of master Measurement Result Chapter Figure 5 - Page 26 Measurement Procedure Gage Mounting Fixture Master Figure 5: Important influences on the uncertainty of measurement results
4 Chapter Figure 7 - Page 41 Figure 7: Flow chart for assessing the capability of measurement processes 5
5 6 real C value 4,00 3,80 3,60 3,40 3,20 3,00 2,80 2,60 2,40 2,20 2,00 1,80 1,72 1,60 1,40 1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 Q MP 50% 40% 30% 0,20 0,00 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,10 1,20 1,30 1,40 1,50 1,60 1,70 1,80 1,90 2,00 1,33 1,67 observed C value 20% 10% Chapter Figure 9 - Page 46 Figure 9: Display of the real C-value as a function of the observed C-value subject to Q MP
6 Chapter Figure 10 - Page 51 Measurement System Capability %RE 5%TOL yes MPE known and accepted? no yes Use measurement system with a sufficiently high resolution no no Linearity u LIN known? yes Prepare trial Prepare trial document MPE minimum 3 reference standards, repeat measurements 1, 2, or 3 reference standards, repeat measurements u CAL UCAL i = max 2 u CAL UCAL i = max 2 u EVR from ANOVA: (pure error deviation) u EVR = max{ sgi} from ANOVA: u Lin (lack-of-fit deviation) u Bi Bii = max 3 u MS see table 12 U MS = k u 2 UMS MS QMS = 100% TOL TOL MIN-UMS 2 UMS = 100% Q MS _ max Measurement system capable yes Q MS Q MS_max no Measurement system not capable Figure 10: Measuring system capability analysis 7
7 Chapter Figure 15 - Page 62 Figure 15: Diagram of an analysis of variance 8
8 Chapter Figure 16 - Page 63 a.) b.) c.) Figure 16: a.) Value chart of the residuals b.) Residuals plotted on a probability plot c.) Residuals plotted on fitted values 9
9 Chapter Figure 19 - Page 66 Measurement Process Capability Measurement system capable? no Measurement system not capable yes Determination of uncertainty components not considered in the experiment Method B: i.e. u OBJ, u T Determination of uncertainty components considered in the experiment Method A: u EVO, u AV, u GV, u IAi from ANOVA u STAB (possibly u OBJ ) u = { uevo, } u + max, u u + u + u MP CAL EVR RE BI LIN + u + u + u + u + u + u + u AV GV STAB T OBJ IAi REST U MP = k u 2 UMP MP QMP = 100% TOL TOL MIN-UMP 2 UMP = 100% Q MP _ max Q MP Q MP_max no Measurement process not capable yes Measurement process capable Figure 19: Measurement process capability analysis 10
10 Chapter Figure 23 - Page 91 Figure 23: Value chart plotting all reference values and the calculated uncertainty range 11
11 Annex B - Figure 24 - Page 98 Figure 24: Determining the standard uncertainty from temperature u T 12
12 Annex E - Figure - Page 108 display real ideal y = x b 0 measured value 13
13 Annex E - Figure - Page 109 display real ideal y = x 2. reinforcement set gradient 0 1. set zero point measured value 14
14 Annex E - Figure - Page 109 display real ideal y = x 0 L U measured value 15
15 16 Annex F.1 - Figure - Page 111
16 Annex F.1 - Figure - Page
17 18 Annex F.1 - Figure - Page 113
18 Annex F.2 - Figure - Page
19 20 Annex F.4 - Figure - Page 125
20 Annex F.5 - Figure - Page
21 22 Annex F.5 - Figure - Page 129
22 Annex F.5 - Figure - Page
23 24 Annex F.6 - Figure - Page 134
24 Annex F.6 - Figure - Page
25 26 Annex F.6 - Figure - Page 138
26 Annex F.6 - Figure - Page
27 Annex F.8 - Figure - Page 149 No. of repetitions Result Operator A Result mixed Result Result Operator B Result Result mixed 28
28 Annex F.8 - Figure - Page 150 No. of repetitions Result Operator A Result mixed Result Result Operator B Result Result mixed 29
29 Annex F.9 - Figure - Page 151 Unsorted test results 30
30 Annex F.9 - Figure - Page 152 Sorted test results 31
31 32 Annex F.9 - Figure - Page 153
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