Inelastic Dark Matter and DAMA
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1 Inelastic Dark Matter and DAMA Spencer Chang (UC Davis) work in collaboration with hep-ph: G. Kribs, D. Tucker-Smith, N. Weiner Also see David Morrissey's talk
2 Dark Matter Mystery Dark matter implied by astronomy and cosmology, but mysterious from particle physics view Many experiments will probe it: collider, direct and indirect detection experiments Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 2
3 DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA 25 NaI detectors w/ 2 PMT's each DAMA only experiment focusing on modulation Has seen an excess consistent with expected behavior of DM scattering Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 3
4 Modulation Drukier, Freese, Spergel Due to earth's (and sun's) orbit, velocity distribution changes seasonally 30 km/s 232 km/s Dec 2 nd Minimum June 2 nd Maximum Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 4
5 Modulation (cont.) Dec 2 nd dr/de R = S 0 + S m cos[2π(t-t 0 )/T] June 2 nd Expect T = 1 year, t 0 = June 2 nd min= m N E R 2 2 N β min (152 nd day), S m positive (negative) for large (small) ER Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 5
6 Data Consistent with DM modulation Expectations Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 6
7 Modulation Spectra Most events expected at low energy Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 7
8 Consistent Models vs DAMA DAMA/LIBRA data is now detailed enough to pin down parameter space of dark matter candidates Can check if those models are allowed by other data Consider spin-independent scattering, focusing on inelastic dark matter Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 8
9 Inelastic Dark Matter Smith, Weiner SC, Kribs, Smith, Weiner Models where dark matter scatters dominantly inelastically off nuclei Adds extra parameter δ, mass splitting to heavier state Kinematics produces a few effects Originally proposed to reconcile CDMS and DAMA and appears in Theory of DM models, motivated by PAMELA and ATIC Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 9
10 Models of IDM See D. Morrissey's talk Sneutrino with lepton number violation = R i I / 2 Z R I R I Z Pseudo-Dirac Neutrino = ± = ± Mass splitting technically natural due to Z Z breaking of U(1) symmetry Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 10
11 Preference for Heavy Targets min = 1 R m N E R 2 m N E N threshold= 2 N Threshold velocity in order to excite to higher DM state Heavier targets e.g. m=100 GeV, δ=120 kev DAMA CDMS sample lower velocities, giving enhanced rates Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 11
12 Distinct Spectra min = 1 R m N E R 2 m N E N Low energy recoils require higher velocities Full expt'l spectra is important, model, constraints depend strongly on event distribution Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 12
13 Enhanced Modulation Sampling of higher velocity tail, means more modulation Expt: Dates of data taking crucial to setting limits. Can search for enhanced modulation Preferred Splitting Modulation in observed DAMA range Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 13
14 Benchmark Values Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 14
15 DAMA Spectra Benchmarks For different dark matter masses, each fit prefers a range for δ, as it shifts the peak Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 15
16 IDM Plots Constraints are p max (Yellin) CRESST and ZEPLIN strongest! Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 16
17 DAMA/LIBRA vs DAMA/NaI LIBRA alone Potential systematic, DAMA/NaI modulation high compared to DAMA/LIBRA In 2-6 kev, NaI: / and LIBRA: / Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 17
18 Complementary Analyses March-Russell et.al. Cui et.al. JMR et.al. found similar results and explored variations of DM velocity distributions, experimental unknowns, etc... Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 18
19 XENON Data Analysis region (< 27 kev) misses most of the IDM recoils Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 19
20 CRESST Data Expected bkgd is zero Seven events observed, inconsistent with neutrons, but in tension with spectra Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 20
21 Theory of Dark Matter See Neal and Lian-Tao's talks Dark matter mass due to ATIC is 800 GeV 1 TeV With dark gauge symmetry, broken ~ GeV, inelastic splitting and scattering can be generic Plots from before rule out m > 250 GeV. However, inelastic scattering is mediated by light vector φ, giving 1/(q 2 -m φ2 ) 2 in rate Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 21
22 Preliminary Results: Pushes to larger δ 140 kev m φ ~ 8 MeV m φ ~ 80 MeV CRESST CRESST CDMS CDMS Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 22
23 Conclusions DAMA's new data is predictive enough to set up a non-moving target Inelastic Dark Matter not ruled out Has some features suggested by DAMA Heavy target expts: CRESST, XENON, LUX, KIMS, ZEPLIN should see high energy events and possibly modulation Michigan: LHC & DM 2009 S. Chang (UC Davis) p. 23
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