Direkte Suche nach Dark Matter
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1 Direkte Suche nach Dark Matter WIMP über elastische Streuung an Kernen HDMS Ge 10% energy Ionization Ge, Si Edelweiss, CDMS liquid Xe Zeplin-2, US-Xenon NaI, liqu.xe Target Light 1% energy fastest no surface effects DAMA, Libra, Zeplin-1,XMASS WIMP Heat 100% energy slowest cryogenics CaWO 4, BGO Al 2 O 3, LiF CRESST-1 CRESST-2
2 Heat sink (T 10 mk) Absorber (ex: Ge, 100g) χ Phonons Thermometer R(T) Electrodes Incoming particle (m 10 GeV, E kin 50 kev) ionization phonon detectors e - holes Recoil (E rec 10 kev) (T. Shutt et al. PRL , L. Bergé et al. NPB ) U Phonon signal: T/T 0.1% over t ms Charge signal: 1000 pairs over t µs γs, βs ionize more than WIMPs, neutrons: quenching of nuclear recoils Event by event background rejection
3 ionization phonon signal plane n/γ discrimination > 99.9% for E r >15 kev EDELWEISS calibration of 320g Ge with 252 Cf 73 Ge(n,n γ) 68.75keV Recoil threshold 20 kev Ionization threshold 3.7 kev
4 Underground Sites
5 the EDELWEISS collaboration Expérience pour détecter les WIMPs en Site Souterrain IAP Paris IPN Lyon CRTBT Grenoble CSNSM Orsay DAPNIA Saclay DRECAM Saclay Forschungszentrum and Universität Karlsruhe JINR Dubna
6 Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane Part of a European (ILIAS) network of underground labs
7 Edelweiss ionization-heat cryogenic detectors heat and ionisation Ge detector aluminium electrode (center + gard ring) + Ge amorphous layer NTD sensor on gard ring electrode Mass 320 g kev ionisation : 1.3 kev 2.2 kev heat : 1.0 kev 3.0 kev
8 EDELWEISS-1 results 3x320 g Ge-NTD detectors Two trigger configurations (ionization, phonon) : 62 kg.d fiducial exposure 59 events, most at low E V. Sanglard et al., PRD71, (2005)
9 CDMS-2 experiment in Soudan FET cards SQUID cards 4 K 0.6 K 0.06 K Based in Soudan lab (2090 mwe) 4x250g Ge + 2x100g Si Net exposure: 19.4 kg.d (1 tower) astro-ph/ : 34 kg.d (2 towers) Detector = ZIP (sensitive to athermal phonon) Active µ veto + shielding (PE + Pb) 0.02 K ZIP 1 (Ge) ZIP 2 (Ge) ZIP 3 (Ge) ZIP 4 (Si) ZIP 5 (Ge) ZIP 6 (Si)
10 CDMS-2 results data taking: 2 towers for 74.5 live days (March 25 to August 8, 2005) 34 kg.d of Ge 12 kg.d of Si before surface e - cuts ( ) after surface e - cuts ( ) 1 WIMP candidate ( ) in Ge at 10.5keV no event in Si PRL93 (2004) astro-ph/ astro-ph/
11 CDMS-2 & EDELWEISS-1 limits Unknown background: Yellin method (CDMS 03) to derive exclusion limit without bg subtraction 62 kg.d limits consistent with earlier publication Phys.Lett. B545 (2002) 43: no events observed above 20/30 kev in first 11.7 kg.d model: coherent spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering DAMA I-IV (57986 kg.d) CDMS kg.d σ< pb
12 Ionisation Electron/nuclear recoil Excitation liquid Xenon as WIMP target Xe + Xe 2 + +Xe +e - (recombination) τ~40ns Zeplin 1 PMTs τ~ps Xe * Xe ** + Xe 175nm Triplet 27ns Xe 2 * +Xe Singlet 3ns 175nm active veto: 0.93t of liquid sc. 3.2kg fid. mass 2Xe 2Xe (s/t) recoil > (s/t) electron nuclear recoil pulses faster than electron recoils PSD! vacuum and target vessels (copper - low radioactivity)
13 Zeplin-1 data 3-7keV ambient neutrons neutron calibration 60 Co Zeplin-1 limit 3-8keV Am-Be neutrons? Am-Be source G. Alner et al., Astropart. Phys. 23 (2005) 444
14 the near future: EDELWEISS-2 completely new experimental configuration: new 100 liter cryostat EW-2 first phase: g Ge-NTD detectors and g Ge detectors with NbSi thin film EW-2 second phase: up to 110 crystals new shielding concept: 20cm Pb + 50cm PE + active µ veto time schedule: mounting started in 2005 first cryogenic tests in Nov./Dec. 05 first data taking in Jan. 06
15 neutron background suppression by muon veto Low energy neutrons induced by U/Th activities : a - in surrounding rock/concrete (fission and (α,n) reactions) b - in Pb/Cu Shield (fission reactions) High energy neutrons induced by muons : c - in the rock d - in Pb/Cu shield c µ µ d poster M. Horn n n a n b n 100m 2 muon veto
16 EDELWEISS-2 installation in LSM mobile 20 cm Pb γ shielding (30t, archaeological Pb lining) insert cryostat here rails 50 cm (30t) PE as neutron moderator
17 EDELWEISS-2 installation in LSM µ veto on PE cryopumps & lines upper east wall lower south wall installation of the µ veto system one of 6 reversed U s completion of upper µ veto
18 Conclusion and Outlook DAMA I-IV 10kg-Phase : 100 times more statistics than EW-1 shielding against neutrons => from materials (Pb) => from rock (Pb+PE) => from DIS muons (veto) CDMS kg.d σ< pb 1t-Phase : VIDMAN ILIAS N3 EURECA
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