CAUGHT IN THE ACT APSQ 01

Transcription

1 ANNEXE A.1 CAUGHT IN THE ACT APSQ 01 Document PowerPoint, disponible en téléchargement seulement à l adresse suivante : CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 1

2 ANNEXE A.2 WING SIZE COLLECTION FORM Wing Size Collection Form Wing Size, as measured in cm average Latitude Team 1 a 42 Team 1 b 46 Team 2 a 36 Team 2 b 48 Team 3 a 50 Team 3 b 38 Team 4 a 40 Team 4 b 44 Team 5 a 42 Team 5 b 36 Team 6 a 38 Team 6 b 48 Team 7 a 46 Team 7 b 40 Team 8 a 50 Team 8 b 44 Team 9a 35 Team 9 b 51 Team 10 a 35 Team 10 b 51 CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 1

3 ANNEXE A.3 RAPID EVOLUTION OF A GEOGRAPHICAL CLINE IN AN INTRODUCED FLY R. B. Huay, et al., Science 287 (5451) (14 janvier 2000) : pp (Cet article est disponible sur le cédérom seulement) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 1

4 ANNEXE B.1 AGENTS OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE RANKING SHEET Rank according to their relative impact on evolution for each population size: (Where 1 is the greatest and 5 is the least contribution) Mutation large population small population Gene Flow large population small population Nonrandom Mating large population small population Genetic Drift large population small population Selection large population small population CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 1

5 ANNEXE B.2 SELECTED STUDIES OF EVOLUTION IN ACTION Contingency and Determinism in Replicated Adaptive Radiations of Island Lizards Science, Volume 279, Number 5359 Issue of 27 Mar 1998, pp Jonathan B. Losos, Todd R. Jackman, Allan Larson, Kevin de Queiroz, Lourdes Rodríguez-Schettino Given the dependence of history and evolution upon random events, one might expect that repeated instances of adaptive radiation would lead to quite different outcomes even if the starting conditions were similar. This study followed evolutionary diversification of Anolis lizards on the four islands of the Greater Antilles. All four islands support the same lizard habitat specialists (ecomorphs). Alternative hypotheses of their origin and dispersal were examined. Either each ecomorph developed once and spread to the other islands, or each island was first colonized by a generic lizard, with the subsequent development of habitat specialization. Phylogenetic analysis supports the contention that the ecomorphs originated independently on each island. "Thus, adaptive radiation in similar environments can overcome historical contingencies to produce strikingly similar evolutionary outcomes. " Evaluation of the Rate of Evolution in Natural Populations of Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) Science, Volume 275, Number 5308 Issue of 28 Mar 1997, pp David N. Reznick, Frank H. Shaw, F. Helen Rodd, Ruth G. Shaw Natural populations of guppies were subjected to an episode of directional selection that mimicked natural processes. The resulting rate of evolution of age and size at maturity was similar to rates typically obtained for traits subjected to artificial selection in laboratory settings and up to seven orders of magnitude greater than rates inferred from the paleontological record. Male traits evolved more rapidly than female traits largely because males had more genetic variation upon which natural selection could act. These results are considered in light of the ongoing debate about the importance of natural selection versus other processes in the paleontological record of evolution. CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 1

6 FLYWING GIFS (95-10B) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 1

7 FLYWING GIFS (95-9AA 2) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 2

8 FLYWING GIFS (96-5B) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 3

9 FLYWING GIFS (96-8B) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 4

10 FLYWING GIFS (97-3B) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 5

11 FLYWING GIFS (97-6A) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 6

12 FLYWING GIFS (98-4A) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 7

13 FLYWING GIFS (98-7B) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 8

14 FLYWING GIFS (99-1A) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 9

15 FLYWING GIFS (99-5A) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 10

16 FLYWING GIFS (100-2A) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 11

17 FLYWING GIFS (100-4B) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 12

18 FLYWING GIFS (101-1B) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 13

19 FLYWING GIFS (101-7A) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 14

20 FLYWING GIFS (102-2B) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 15

21 FLYWING GIFS (102-6B) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 16

22 FLYWING GIFS (103-3A) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 17

23 FLYWING GIFS (103-8A) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 18

24 FLYWING GIFS (104-10A) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 19

25 FLYWING GIFS (104-9B) CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 20

26 ANNEXE B.3.2 WING LENGTH RECORD Team X Sample a Sample b Wing Length, as Measured on Photographs (cm) <Prepare one for each team, attach to envelopes.> <Note that the wings have been enlarged approximately 60X.> CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 1

27 ANNEXE B.4 WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED? Name : What have we learned from our evolution experiment? about experimental design? about evolution in action? CAUGHT IN TH E A CT : AG E NTS O F E VO L UT IO N ARY C H ANGE 1