On Factorization of Coupled Channel Scattering S Matrices
|
|
- Denis Walsh
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Commun. Theor. Phys. Beijing, China pp c International Academic Publishers Vol. 48, No. 5, November 5, 007 On Factoriation of Coupled Channel Scattering S Matrices FANG Ke-Jie Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 0087, China Received October 30, 006 Abstract We investigate the problem on how to factorie a coupled channel scattering S matrix into a product of simple S matrices. Simple S matrix solutions are found, respecting unitarity, analyticity and being real analytic. The phase shift and its physical meaning produced by these simple S matrices are discussed. PACS numbers:.39.fe,.5.pg,.55.bq, 4.40.Cs Key words: ππ scattering, S matrix Introduction In discussing quantum scattering problems, [] it is meaningful to set up general parametriation forms of the scattering S matrices, based on correct use of analyticity properties established from rigorous quantum field theory results. A famous example is the Dalit Tuan parametriation form, which factories a general S matrix into a product of simpler S matrices, denoted as S i, where the superscript i means the i-th resonance appearing in the scattering process. In the recent few years there appeared a new parametriation form named PKU parametriation form for the elastic scattering amplitude, [ 4] which has been proven to be useful in revealing the resonance structure of low energy ππ scattering amplitudes. The PKU parametriation form is the following: For a partial wave elastic scattering in a given channel, physical S matrix can in general be factoried as S phy = S i S cut, i where S i are the simplest S matrices characteriing the isolated singularities of S phy. [] The expressions for S i can be found in Refs. [] and [3]. The S cut contains only the cuts that can be parameteried in the following simple form: S cut = e iρfs, fs = s Im L fs π L s s s ds + s Im R fs π R s s s ds, 3 where L is the dynamical cut [,3] and R denotes unitarity cuts at higher energies other than the elastic cut. It is worth while noticing that in Eq. the dispersion integral is free of subtraction constants, both for equal [3] and un-equal [4] mass scatterings. The parametriation form, Eqs. 3, has the advantage that S i does not contribute to the discontinuity of f, [] which means the following relation. The discontinuity of f on each cut obeys the following formula: { } discfs = disc i ρs log[sphy s]. 4 Having briefly reviewed the PKU representation form, it is natural then to ask whether it is possible to generalie the above results, at least partially, to multichannel scattering S matrices. Although equation works also in the inelasticity region, the complete expression for a coupled channel S matrix parametriation form is still missing. This paper is therefore devoted to the study on such a problem. It is easy to realie that such a problem is difficult to attack. From Eq. we realie that it is impossible to write a similar expression in the coupled channel case. Because the products of matrices depends on the order of the products, and there is no apparent rule to arrange the order of the products. This paper is not able to solve this problem either. But some limited success is achieved through the study of this paper, on coupled channel scatterings. Preliminaries The coupled channel scattering problem was discussed in a previous unpublished paper, [5] but that paper only focused on the cut structure of equal mass scattering amplitudes and did not touch the unitariation problem. The starting point of our strategy in this paper is to firstly find the most simple S matrices. Here the word most simple means a unitary real analytic matrix, containing the least number of poles on its Riemann sheets. For a coupled channel S matrix: S = + i ρ T I, S = + i ρ T I, S = i ρ ρ T I. 5 In the physical region above the second threshold, the coupled channel unitary S matrix can be written as η e iδπ, i η e iδπ+δ K S = i. 6 η e iδπ+δk, η e iδ K Notice that in above the phase shift δ π is defined in the coupled channel physical region. Below the second threshold, δ π is defined as S = e iδπ. The two δ π s are not the same analytic function. According to Ref. [5] we can obtain the expressions of S matrix on sheets, I, and, S = is S S is det S S S, S I = S det S S det S S det S, S dets The project supported by Hui-Chun Chin and Tsung-Dao Lee Chinese Undergraduate Research Endowment CURE and partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos and 04503
2 90 FANG Ke-Jie Vol. 48 dets is S S = S is S S. 7 From the coupled channel S matrix we can construct functions which either contain no right hand cut, Ψ SI + S + S I + S, Ψ SI + S + S I + S, 8 or only simple cut dependence Ψ ρ, Ψ ρ, Ψ S S i S det S + det S, S Ψ S S i S det S + det S. 9 S Furthermore, a coupled channel unitarity leads to constraints among functions Ψ and Ψ, Ψ + Ψ = Ψ + Ψ. 0 3 Simple Solutions of Coupled Channel S Matrix When searching for simple S matrix solutions, as inspired by the single-channel discussions, one attempts to firstly neglect all cut integrals appeared in functions Ψ and Ψ and these functions become rational real analytic functions of complex variable. As will be seen below, this step greatly simplifies the solutions. 3. A Solution with a Pair of Poles on Second Sheet In this simple situation, the functions Ψ and Ψ can be written as Ψ = ρ iρ S iρ S + α, Ψ = S + S + β, det S Ψ = ρ i ρ S + det S i ρ S + α, 3 dets Ψ = S + where α and β are subtraction constants. Let a = iρ S, b = iρ S, a = dets S + β, 4 dets iρ S, b = det S iρ S, then a Ψ = ρ + b + α, 5 Ψ = iρ a iρ b + β, 6 a Ψ = ρ + b + α, 7 Ψ = iρ a + iρ b + β. 8 Since expressions Ψ = Ψ, Ψ = Ψ, 9 Ψ = Ψ, Ψ = Ψ, 0 hold on the whole complex plane, so b = a, b = a, α = α, α = α, β = β, and β = β. Let A = Ψ + Ψ, then η = A A 4. Because η is real on the real axis above the second threshold as well as below the first thresholds, and is pure phase between the first and second thresholds, in the absence of the left cut [ infty, 4M K m π], function A should take the following values in different regions: A 4 when 4 and 4t, 3 and 0 A 4 when 4 4t. 4 Notice that in the above conditions we require that when 4, A 4 A = 4 when Z = 4. This condition can be rigorously proved, following Ref. [5]. Using Eqs. 5, 6, and, one can get f A =, 5 where f is a quadratic function of. From the analysis above, A can be parameteried as A = 4 + c 4 4t, 6 where c is a positive real number. Moreover, in order that S = A A 4 Ψ + iψ 7 A has no more cut other than the known left hand and right hand cut, it is convenient and reasonable to set 4 + c d A =, 8 where d is a real number, and 4 d 4t. Using Eqs. 6 and 8, one can get the solutions of c and d for the given and, Let M π =, M K /M π = t, then the first and the second thresholds are located at = 4 and = 4t respectively.
3 No. 5 On Factoriation of Coupled Channel Scattering S Matrices 903 c = ± 64 t 8 t, 9 d = c + t 4 + c, 30 for = t 64t 4. However, c can only take the upper sign, since c > 0 and is imaginary. To get the solutions of a, α, and β, one can put Eqs. 5, 6, 6, and 8 together to get the following equation: [ a ] ρ + a + α + iρ a iρ a c 4 4t + β = 4 +, 3 where b = a has been used. Let = 0, 4, d, respectively, one can get the following equations: α a a = 0, 3 iρ a + i ρ a β = ±, 33 a + a d d + α = 0, 34 iρ a + iρ a d d + β = From these equations, one can easily get the solutions for a, α, and β, a = α = β = [ + d ] Re d 4 + d ρ, 36 ±Im d d Re d 4 + d ρ, 37 ±Re ρ d + d Re d 4 + d ρ. 38 We define A = 4 + c d/ along the real axis, so A < 0 and η = when = 4, contributing ±π, depending on the definition of A 4, [ a ] ρ + a iρ a + α + + iρ a but the conditions when = 0, 4t, d respectively are to the phase of S matrix. In this situation, we define A 4 = 4 Ai between the two thresholds. Physically, the total phase shift equals ero at elastic threshold, so the phase shift contributed by the exponent, e iδπ = Ψ + iψ / A, should be ±π/. Thus, the numerator should be when = 4. All the result should take the upper sign accordingly. After having obtained a, α, β one can easily get the explicit expression of S : S = d c c+4 ρ ρ β ξ + iα ρ, 39 where ξ = + d + [i ρ a + i ρ a ]/β. It is worth while pointing out that the factor on the denominator does not contribute poles to S. On the contrary, they are the roots of S, as has been designed, for the reason that iα ρ + β ξ and the numerator both have roots =,, which is not obvious due to the reformation of the expression. But one can find these from the beginning of the programm with Eqs. 5, 6, 7, and 8. When it comes to obtain the expression of S, the situation is a little different from that of S, because ρ d is a pure imaginary. Similarly, + β = 4 + c 4 4t, 40 α a a = 0, 4 iρ a + iρ a β = ± 4 + 6t c w, 4 iρ a 4t + iρ a 4t + β = ±, 43 a iρ d + a iρ a d d + α = ± + iρ a d d + β. 44 In order that = d is not a pole of S, the right side of Eq. 44 should be negative. We define δ K = 0 when = 4t, so the right side of Eq. 43 should be positive with A being positive on the second threshold. After all, the solution is a = w + g + ih w + f ρ d fh f hρ d + gh + g, h 45 α = a + a, 46 where β = iρ a 4t iρ a 4t, 47 f = +, 48 d g = ρ d 4t, 49 h = i ρ + 4t. 50
4 904 FANG Ke-Jie Vol. 48 Since w has two possible values, S has two distinct solutions. But due to the definition A = 4 + c d/, and since w is the square root of A4, w should be negative coherently. Thus we choose the lower symbol solution. Fig. Phase shift and inelasticity parameter generated by a narrow second sheet pole below the second threshold. Fig. Phase shifts and inelasticity parameter generated by a narrow second sheet pole above the second threshold. To get the explicit expression of S, a tedious calculation is performed to reduce the factor d. Thus S = [ c ] c + 4 d ρ ρ iψ + Ψ, 5 dets = 4 + c d iα ρ + β ξiψ + Ψ. 5 In Fig. we plot phase shift and inelasticity parameter generated by a narrow second sheet pole below the second threshold. In Fig. we plot phse shift and inelasticity parameter generated by a narrow second sheet pole above the second threshold. 3. A Solution of a Pair of Poles on Third Sheet In this situation, one writes S I Ψ = ρ iρ I det S I I S I iρ Idet S I I + α, 53 S I Ψ = det S I I + S I det S I I + β, 54 S I Ψ = ρ i ρ I dets I I S I i ρ IdetS I I + α, 55 S I Ψ = det S I I + S I dets I I + β. 56 For simplicity, the above equations are rewritten as a Ψ = ρ + b I + α, 57 I Ψ = iρ I a iρ Ib I + β, 58 I a Ψ = ρ + b I + α, 59 I Ψ = iρ I a iρ Ib I + β. 60 I The parametriation of Ψ and Ψ is the same as in the Numerical analysis also reveals that such a choice gives a tiny phase shift δ K. On the contrary the solution corresponding to the upper sign has a siable δ K and is un-physical.
5 No. 5 On Factoriation of Coupled Channel Scattering S Matrices 905 situation with a pair of poles on the second sheet, so the solution of S does not change. What is different is that we define A 4 = 4 A i between the two thresholds. Following the similar approach discussed before, one can get the solution for S in this situation, where a = w + g + ih + w + f ρ d fh f hρ d gh g h, 6 α = a + a I, 6 I β = + iρ I a 4t + iρ Ia I 4t, 63 I f = +, 64 I d I g = ρ I d I 4t, 65 I h = i ρ I + I 4t. 66 I phase shift generated by a narrow third sheet pole above the second threshold. The inelasticity parameter is not shown. According to our solution it is the same as the one generated by a second sheet with the same value of pole location. The third sheet pole above second threshold contribution to the phase shift looks odd and seems in contradiction to experiments. But we argue that in physical situation the third sheet pole usually is accompanied by a nearby second sheet pole. In our solutions if we add the second sheet pole and the third sheet pole s contribution to δ π together, the total phase shift looks then reasonable. See Fig. 5. Fig. 4 Phase shift generated by a narrow third sheet pole above the second threshold. Fig. 3 Phase shifts generated by a narrow third sheet pole below the second threshold. In Fig. 3 we plot phase shift generated by a narrow third sheet pole below the second threshold. The inelasticity parameter is not shown. According to our solution it is the same as the one generated by a second sheet with the same value of pole location. In Fig. 4 we plot Fig. 5 Phase shift generated by a pair of narrow second and third sheet poles with the same location above the second threshold. 3.3 A Solution of a Pair of Poles on the Fourth Sheet In this situation, one can write Ψ = ρ det S i ρ S + det S iρ S + α, 67 det S Ψ = S + det S S + β, 68 Ψ = ρ i ρ S i ρ S + α, 69 Ψ = S + S + β. 70
6 906 FANG Ke-Jie Vol. 48 For simplicity we again use the following notations: a Ψ = ρ + b + α, 7 Ψ = i ρ a + i ρ b + β, 7 a Ψ = ρ + b + α, 73 Ψ = i ρ a i ρ b + β. 74 Following the similar approach discussed before, one can get the solution for S in this situation, a = α = β = + d Re d 4 + d ρ, 75 Im d d Re d 4 + d ρ, 76 Re ρ d + d Re d 4 + d ρ. 77 Fig. 6 Phase shifts generated by a narrow 4th sheet pole above the second threshold. In this situation, we define A 4 = 4 A i between the two thresholds. The parameteriation of Ψ and Ψ is the same as in the situation with a pair of poles on the third sheet, so the solution of S does not change. In Fig. 6 we plot phase shift generated by a narrow fourth sheet pole above the second threshold. The inelasticity parameter is not shown since it is the same as the one generated by a second sheet with the same value of pole location. In Fig. 7 we plot phase shifts generated by a narrow fourth sheet pole below the second threshold. Again the inelasticity parameter is not shown due to the reason mentioned before. Fig. 7 Phase shifts generated by a narrow four-sheet pole below the second threshold. 4 Discussions We have exhibited in details the simplest unitary coupled channel S matrix depicting one resonance. Here simplest means that all dynamical cuts and further right-hand cuts are neglected. We get reasonable phase shift and inelasticity diagrams, which provides a crosscheck, demonstrating that we do indeed find the correct solutions. However, as already addressed before, with these simple S matrix solutions at hand, we are still not able to establish expressions for coupled channels, in analog to Eq.. For example the second sheet pole and fourth sheet pole do not obey simple factoriation properties. For example, the product of two S matrices parameteriing two different second sheet poles do not necessarily contain the two poles. Despite of such difficulty remains un-resolved, we think that the current investigation and the expressions we presented may still be helpful in understanding in general the coupled channel scattering problems. Moreover, there does exist factoriation property for third sheet poles. For a given S matrix, containing arbitrary number of poles on different sheets, we may write down S = Si I S R. 78 i Here superscript R means what remains and Si I denote simple S matrices parameteriing different third sheet poles. Take the determinant of the above equation we get det S = det Si I det S R. 79 i A third sheet pole is a ero point of the determinant. From above it is easy to realie that in dets R no ero remains. Therefore above the second threshold the sum δ π + δ K is additive, i.e., it can be represented by the summation of different third sheet pole contributions plus proper background. Therefore our discussions and results are at least
7 No. 5 On Factoriation of Coupled Channel Scattering S Matrices 907 useful, in principle, for setting up a proper dispersion representation for δ π +δ K. Further discussions along this line is needed. Finally we would like to point out that the discussions made for Fig. 5 is interesting, does our result suggest that in reality a narrow third sheet pole is always accompanied by a close second sheet pole? This also deserves further investigations. Acknowledgments The author is grateful to Prof. Han-Qing Zheng for helpful discussions and a careful reading to the manuscript. References [] J. Taylor, Scattering Theory: The Quantum Theory on Nonrelativistic Collisions, Wiley, New York 97. [] H.Q. Zheng, et al., Nucl. Phys. A [3] Z.Y. Zhou, et al., JHEP [4] Z.Y. Zhou and H.Q. Zheng, Nucl. Phys. A [5] Z.G. Xiao and H.Q. Zheng, hep-ph/00304, unpublished.
The light Scalar Mesons: σ and κ
7th HEP Annual Conference Guilin, Oct 29, 2006 The light Scalar Mesons: σ and κ Zhou Zhi-Yong Southeast University 1 Background Linear σ model Nonlinear σ model σ particle: appear disappear reappear in
More informationWhen Is It Possible to Use Perturbation Technique in Field Theory? arxiv:hep-ph/ v1 27 Jun 2000
CPHT S758.0100 When Is It Possible to Use Perturbation Technique in Field Theory? arxiv:hep-ph/000630v1 7 Jun 000 Tran N. Truong Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique F9118 Palaiseau, France
More informationarxiv: v2 [nucl-th] 11 Feb 2009
Resonance parameters from K matrix and T matrix poles R. L. Workman, R. A. Arndt and M. W. Paris Center for Nuclear Studies, Department of Physics The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052
More informationSynchronization and Bifurcation Analysis in Coupled Networks of Discrete-Time Systems
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 48 (2007) pp. 871 876 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 48, No. 5, November 15, 2007 Synchronization and Bifurcation Analysis in Coupled Networks of Discrete-Time
More informationarxiv: v1 [hep-ph] 22 Apr 2008
New formula for a resonant scattering near an inelastic threshold L. Leśniak arxiv:84.3479v [hep-ph] 22 Apr 28 The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3-342
More informationDispersion Relation Analyses of Pion Form Factor, Chiral Perturbation Theory and Unitarized Calculations
CPHT S758.0100 Dispersion Relation Analyses of Pion Form Factor, Chiral Perturbation Theory and Unitarized Calculations Tran N. Truong Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique F91128 Palaiseau,
More informationSemi-Relativistic Reflection and Transmission Coefficients for Two Spinless Particles Separated by a Rectangular-Shaped Potential Barrier
Commun. Theor. Phys. 66 (2016) 389 395 Vol. 66, No. 4, October 1, 2016 Semi-Relativistic Reflection and Transmission Coefficients for Two Spinless Particles Separated by a Rectangular-Shaped Potential
More informationUNPHYSICAL RIEMANN SHEETS
UNPHYSICAL RIEMANN SHEETS R. Blankenbecler Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey There has been considerable interest of late in the analyticity properties of the scattering amplitude on unphysical
More informationLattice study on kaon pion scattering length in the I = 3/2 channel
Physics Letters B 595 (24) 4 47 www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb Lattice study on kaon pion scattering length in the I = 3/2 channel Chuan Miao, Xining Du, Guangwei Meng, Chuan Liu School of Physics, Peking
More informationOn the two-pole interpretation of HADES data
J-PARC collaboration September 3-5, 03 On the two-pole interpretation of HADES data Yoshinori AKAISHI nucl U K MeV 0-50 Σ+ Λ+ -00 K - + p 3r fm Λ(405) E Γ K = -7 MeV = 40 MeV nucl U K MeV 0-50 Σ+ Λ+ -00
More informationRational Form Solitary Wave Solutions and Doubly Periodic Wave Solutions to (1+1)-Dimensional Dispersive Long Wave Equation
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 43 (005) pp. 975 98 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 43, No. 6, June 15, 005 Rational Form Solitary Wave Solutions and Doubly Periodic Wave Solutions to (1+1)-Dimensional
More informationMomentum Distribution of a Fragment and Nucleon Removal Cross Section in the Reaction of Halo Nuclei
Commun. Theor. Phys. Beijing, China) 40 2003) pp. 693 698 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 40, No. 6, December 5, 2003 Momentum Distribution of a ragment and Nucleon Removal Cross Section in the
More informationC.-H. Liang, Y. Shi, and T. Su National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology Xidian University Xi an , China
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 14, 253 266, 21 S PARAMETER THEORY OF LOSSLESS BLOCK NETWORK C.-H. Liang, Y. Shi, and T. Su National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology Xidian
More informationElectromagnetic effects in the K + π + π 0 π 0 decay
Electromagnetic effects in the K + π + π 0 π 0 decay arxiv:hep-ph/0612129v3 10 Jan 2007 S.R.Gevorkyan, A.V.Tarasov, O.O.Voskresenskaya March 11, 2008 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna,
More informationAbsorption-Amplification Response with or Without Spontaneously Generated Coherence in a Coherent Four-Level Atomic Medium
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 42 (2004) pp. 425 430 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 42, No. 3, September 15, 2004 Absorption-Amplification Response with or Without Spontaneously Generated
More informationZ c (3900) AS A D D MOLECULE FROM POLE COUNTING RULE
Z c (3900) AS A MOLECULE FROM POLE COUNTING RULE Yu-fei Wang in collaboration with Qin-Rong Gong, Zhi-Hui Guo, Ce Meng, Guang-Yi Tang and Han-Qing Zheng School of Physics, Peking University 2016/11/1 Yu-fei
More informationK Nucleus Elastic Scattering and Momentum-Dependent Optical Potentials
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 41 (2004) pp. 573 578 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 41, No. 4, April 15, 2004 K Nucleus Elastic Scattering and Momentum-Dependent Optical Potentials ZHONG
More informationFleischer Mannel analysis for direct CP asymmetry. Abstract
Fleischer Mannel analysis for direct CP asymmetry SLAC-PUB-8814 hep-ph/yymmnnn Heath B. O Connell Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94309, USA hoc@slac.stanford.edu (8
More informationCombined Influence of Off-diagonal System Tensors and Potential Valley Returning of Optimal Path
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 54 (2010) pp. 866 870 c Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd Vol. 54, No. 5, November 15, 2010 Combined Influence of Off-diagonal System Tensors and Potential
More informationarxiv: v1 [hep-ph] 2 Feb 2017
Physical properties of resonances as the building blocks of multichannel scattering amplitudes S. Ceci, 1, M. Vukšić, 2 and B. Zauner 1 1 Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
More informationarxiv: v1 [hep-ph] 16 Oct 2016
arxiv:6.483v [hep-ph] 6 Oct 6 Coupled-channel Dalitz plot analysis of D + K π + π + decay atoshi X. Nakamura Department of Physics, Osaka University E-mail: nakamura@kern.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp We demonstrate
More informationIonization Potentials and Quantum Defects of 1s 2 np 2 P Rydberg States of Lithium Atom
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 50 (2008) pp. 733 737 c Chinese Physical Society Vol. 50, No. 3, September 15, 2008 Ionization Potentials and Quantum Defects of 1s 2 np 2 P Rydberg States of Lithium
More information(x 1, y 1 ) = (x 2, y 2 ) if and only if x 1 = x 2 and y 1 = y 2.
1. Complex numbers A complex number z is defined as an ordered pair z = (x, y), where x and y are a pair of real numbers. In usual notation, we write z = x + iy, where i is a symbol. The operations of
More informationFormation Mechanism and Binding Energy for Icosahedral Central Structure of He + 13 Cluster
Commun. Theor. Phys. Beijing, China) 42 2004) pp. 763 767 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 42, No. 5, November 5, 2004 Formation Mechanism and Binding Energy for Icosahedral Central Structure of
More informationInformation Entropy Squeezing of a Two-Level Atom Interacting with Two-Mode Coherent Fields
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 4 (004) pp. 103 109 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 4, No. 1, July 15, 004 Information Entropy Squeezing of a Two-Level Atom Interacting with Two-Mode Coherent
More informationarxiv: v1 [hep-ph] 24 Aug 2011
Roy Steiner equations for γγ ππ arxiv:1108.4776v1 [hep-ph] 24 Aug 2011 Martin Hoferichter 1,a,b, Daniel R. Phillips b, and Carlos Schat b,c a Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik (Theorie) and
More informationKnotted Pictures of Hadamard Gate and CNOT Gate
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 51 (009) pp. 967 97 c Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd Vol. 51, No. 6, June 15, 009 Knotted Pictures of Hadamard Gate and CNOT Gate GU Zhi-Yu 1 and
More informationDalitz plot analysis in
Dalitz plot analysis in Laura Edera Universita degli Studi di Milano DAΦNE 004 Physics at meson factories June 7-11, 004 INFN Laboratory, Frascati, Italy 1 The high statistics and excellent quality of
More informationProperties of the S-matrix
Properties of the S-matrix In this chapter we specify the kinematics, define the normalisation of amplitudes and cross sections and establish the basic formalism used throughout. All mathematical functions
More informationLecture 10. The Dirac equation. WS2010/11: Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics
Lecture 10 The Dirac equation WS2010/11: Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics The Dirac equation The Dirac equation is a relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation formulated by British physicist
More information1.1 A Scattering Experiment
1 Transfer Matrix In this chapter we introduce and discuss a mathematical method for the analysis of the wave propagation in one-dimensional systems. The method uses the transfer matrix and is commonly
More informationThe 1/N c Expansion in Hadron Effective Field Theory
Commun. Theor. Phys. 70 (2018) 683 688 Vol. 70, No. 6, December 1, 2018 The 1/N c Expansion in Hadron Effective Field Theory Guo-Ying Chen ( 陈国英 ) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hubei University
More informationarxiv:hep-ph/ v1 21 Apr 1995 FINAL STATE INTERACTIONS OF B DK DECAYS
PSI-PR-95-06 April, 1995 arxiv:hep-ph/9504360v1 1 Apr 1995 FINAL STATE INTERACTIONS OF B DK DECAYS Hanqing Zheng P. Scherrer Institute, 53 Villigen, Switzerland 1 Abstract We study the final state strong
More informationarxiv:hep-ph/ v2 9 Jan 2007
The mass of the σ pole. D.V. Bugg 1, Queen Mary, University of London, London E14NS, UK arxiv:hep-ph/0608081v2 9 Jan 2007 Abstract BES data on the σ pole are refitted taking into account new information
More informationarxiv:hep-ph/ v2 24 Mar 2006
Extraction of the K K isovector scattering length from pp dk + K0 data near threshold arxiv:hep-ph/0508118v2 24 Mar 2006 R. H. Lemmer Institut für Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D 52425 Jülich,
More informationEffects of Interactive Function Forms in a Self-Organized Critical Model Based on Neural Networks
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 40 (2003) pp. 607 613 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 40, No. 5, November 15, 2003 Effects of Interactive Function Forms in a Self-Organized Critical Model
More informationSection 7.4: Inverse Laplace Transform
Section 74: Inverse Laplace Transform A natural question to ask about any function is whether it has an inverse function We now ask this question about the Laplace transform: given a function F (s), will
More informationI. Perturbation Theory and the Problem of Degeneracy[?,?,?]
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Chemistry 5.76 Spring 19 THE VAN VLECK TRANSFORMATION IN PERTURBATION THEORY 1 Although frequently it is desirable to carry a perturbation treatment to second or third
More informationScattering in one dimension
Scattering in one dimension Oleg Tchernyshyov Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University I INTRODUCTION This writeup accompanies a numerical simulation of particle scattering in one
More informationA Simple Proof That Finite Mathematics Is More Fundamental Than Classical One. Felix M. Lev
A Simple Proof That Finite Mathematics Is More Fundamental Than Classical One Felix M. Lev Artwork Conversion Software Inc., 1201 Morningside Drive, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266, USA (Email: felixlev314@gmail.com)
More informationSpatial and Temporal Behaviors in a Modified Evolution Model Based on Small World Network
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 42 (2004) pp. 242 246 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 42, No. 2, August 15, 2004 Spatial and Temporal Behaviors in a Modified Evolution Model Based on Small
More informationTHE MANDELSTAM REPRESENTATION IN PERTURBATION THEORY
THE MANDELSTAM REPRESENTATION IN PERTURBATION THEORY P. V. Landshoff, J. C. Polkinghorne, and J. C. Taylor University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (presented by J. C. Polkinghorne) 1. METHODS The aim
More information1 Running and matching of the QED coupling constant
Quantum Field Theory-II UZH and ETH, FS-6 Assistants: A. Greljo, D. Marzocca, J. Shapiro http://www.physik.uzh.ch/lectures/qft/ Problem Set n. 8 Prof. G. Isidori Due: -5-6 Running and matching of the QED
More informationDissipation of a two-mode squeezed vacuum state in the single-mode amplitude damping channel
Dissipation of a two-mode squeezed vacuum state in the single-mode amplitude damping channel Zhou Nan-Run( ) a), Hu Li-Yun( ) b), and Fan Hong-Yi( ) c) a) Department of Electronic Information Engineering,
More informationScattering of an α Particle by a Radioactive Nucleus
EJTP 3, No. 1 (6) 93 33 Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics Scattering of an α Particle by a Radioactive Nucleus E. Majorana Written 198 published 6 Abstract: In the following we reproduce, translated
More informationNew Homoclinic and Heteroclinic Solutions for Zakharov System
Commun. Theor. Phys. 58 (2012) 749 753 Vol. 58, No. 5, November 15, 2012 New Homoclinic and Heteroclinic Solutions for Zakharov System WANG Chuan-Jian ( ), 1 DAI Zheng-De (à ), 2, and MU Gui (½ ) 3 1 Department
More informationCorrelation Functions of Conserved Currents in Four Dimensional Conformal Field Theory with Higher Spin Symmetry
Bulg. J. Phys. 40 (2013) 147 152 Correlation Functions of Conserved Currents in Four Dimensional Conformal Field Theory with Higher Spin Symmetry Ya.S. Stanev INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome,
More informationPath of Momentum Integral in the Skorniakov-Ter-Martirosian Equation
Commun. Theor. Phys. 7 (218) 753 758 Vol. 7, No. 6, December 1, 218 Path of Momentum Integral in the Skorniakov-Ter-Martirosian Equation Chao Gao ( 高超 ) 1, and Peng Zhang ( 张芃 ) 2,3,4, 1 Department of
More informationpipi scattering from partial wave dispersion relation Lingyun Dai (Indiana University & JPAC)
pipi scattering from partial wave dispersion relation Lingyun Dai (Indiana University & JPAC) Outlines 1 Introduction 2 K-Matrix fit 3 poles from dispersion 4 future projects 5 Summary 1. Introduction
More informationAnalyticity and crossing symmetry in the K-matrix formalism.
Analyticity and crossing symmetry in the K-matrix formalism. KVI, Groningen 7-11 September, 21 Overview Motivation Symmetries in scattering formalism K-matrix formalism (K S ) (K A ) Pions and photons
More informationOn Hidden Symmetries of d > 4 NHEK-N-AdS Geometry
Commun. Theor. Phys. 63 205) 3 35 Vol. 63 No. January 205 On Hidden ymmetries of d > 4 NHEK-N-Ad Geometry U Jie ) and YUE Rui-Hong ) Faculty of cience Ningbo University Ningbo 352 China Received eptember
More informationSolving ground eigenvalue and eigenfunction of spheroidal wave equation at low frequency by supersymmetric quantum mechanics method
Chin. Phys. B Vol. 0, No. (0) 00304 Solving ground eigenvalue eigenfunction of spheroidal wave equation at low frequency by supersymmetric quantum mechanics method Tang Wen-Lin( ) Tian Gui-Hua( ) School
More informationEXAMPLE OF AN INELASTIC BOUND STATE * J. B. Bronzan t Stanford Linear Accelerator Stanford, California. July 1966 ABSTRACT
SIAC-PUB-202 EXAMPLE OF AN INELASTIC BOUND STATE * J. B. Bronzan t Stanford Linear Accelerator Stanford, California Center July 1966 ABSTRACT An example is given of a bound state which occurs in a channel
More informationarxiv:gr-qc/ v3 2 Nov 2006
The Synchronization of Clock Rate and the Equality of Durations Based on the Poincaré-Einstein-Landau Conventions arxiv:gr-qc/0610005v3 2 Nov 2006 Zhao Zheng 1 Tian Guihua 2 Liu Liao 1 and Gao Sijie 1
More informationTWELVE LIMIT CYCLES IN A CUBIC ORDER PLANAR SYSTEM WITH Z 2 -SYMMETRY. P. Yu 1,2 and M. Han 1
COMMUNICATIONS ON Website: http://aimsciences.org PURE AND APPLIED ANALYSIS Volume 3, Number 3, September 2004 pp. 515 526 TWELVE LIMIT CYCLES IN A CUBIC ORDER PLANAR SYSTEM WITH Z 2 -SYMMETRY P. Yu 1,2
More informationRecent Progress on Charmonium Decays at BESIII
Recent Progress on Charmonium Decays at BESIII Xiao-Rui Lu (on behalf of the BESIII Collaboration) Physics Department Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, 0049, China xiaorui@gucas.ac.cn
More informationThe Realineituhedron. Kyle Cranmer a and Chirol Krnmr b
Preprint typeset in JHEP style - HYPER VERSION The Realineituhedron Kyle Cranmer a and Chirol Krnmr b a Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA b School
More informationA Modified Earthquake Model Based on Generalized Barabási Albert Scale-Free
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 46 (2006) pp. 1011 1016 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 46, No. 6, December 15, 2006 A Modified Earthquake Model Based on Generalized Barabási Albert Scale-Free
More informationarxiv:hep-ph/ v2 2 May 1997
PSEUDOSCALAR NEUTRAL HIGGS BOSON PRODUCTION IN POLARIZED γe COLLISIONS arxiv:hep-ph/961058v May 1997 M. SAVCI Physics Department, Middle East Technical University 06531 Ankara, Turkey Abstract We investigate
More informationTriangle singularity in light meson spectroscopy
Triangle singularity in light meson spectroscopy M. Mikhasenko, B. Ketzer, A. Sarantsev HISKP, University of Bonn April 16, 2015 M. Mikhasenko (HISKP) Triangle singularity April 16, 2015 1 / 21 New a 1-1
More informationH. Pierre Noyes Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University, Stanford, California ABSTRACT
SLAC-PUB-767 June 1970 UNITARY PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THREE-PARTICLE SYSTEMS? H. Pierre Noyes Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 ABSTRACT A general
More informationWeak interactions. Chapter 7
Chapter 7 Weak interactions As already discussed, weak interactions are responsible for many processes which involve the transformation of particles from one type to another. Weak interactions cause nuclear
More informationWilson Lines and Classical Solutions in Cubic Open String Field Theory
863 Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 16, No. 4, October 1 Wilson Lines and Classical Solutions in Cubic Open String Field Theory Tomohiko Takahashi ) and Seriko Tanimoto ) Department of Physics, Nara
More informationMultiplication of Generalized Functions: Introduction
Bulg. J. Phys. 42 (2015) 93 98 Multiplication of Generalized Functions: Introduction Ch. Ya. Christov This Introduction was written in 1989 to the book by Ch. Ya. Christov and B. P. Damianov titled Multiplication
More informationDepartment of Applied Mathematics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian , China
Commun Theor Phys (Being, China 45 (006 pp 199 06 c International Academic Publishers Vol 45, No, February 15, 006 Further Extended Jacobi Elliptic Function Rational Expansion Method and New Families of
More informationIn this paper, we will investigate oriented bicyclic graphs whose skew-spectral radius does not exceed 2.
3rd International Conference on Multimedia Technology ICMT 2013) Oriented bicyclic graphs whose skew spectral radius does not exceed 2 Jia-Hui Ji Guang-Hui Xu Abstract Let S(Gσ ) be the skew-adjacency
More informationAntiproton-Nucleus Interaction and Coulomb Effect at High Energies
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China 43 (2005 pp. 699 703 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 43, No. 4, April 15, 2005 Antiproton-Nucleus Interaction and Coulomb Effect at High Energies ZHOU Li-Juan,
More informationNuclear Slope Parameter of pp and pp Elastic Scattering in QCD Inspired Model
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 49 (28) pp. 456 46 c Chinese Physical Society Vol. 49, No. 2, Feruary 15, 28 Nuclear Slope Parameter of pp and pp Elastic Scattering in QCD Inspired Model LU Juan,
More informationNature of the sigma meson as revealed by its softening process
Nature of the sigma meson as revealed by its softening process Tetsuo Hyodo a, Daisuke Jido b, and Teiji Kunihiro c Tokyo Institute of Technology a YITP, Kyoto b Kyoto Univ. c supported by Global Center
More informationRe-study of Nucleon Pole Contribution in J/ψ N Nπ Decay
Commun. Theor. Phys. Beijing, China 46 26 pp. 57 53 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 46, No. 3, September 5, 26 Re-study of Nucleon Pole Contribution in J/ψ N Nπ Decay ZONG Yuan-Yuan,,2 SHEN Peng-Nian,,3,4
More informationDOUBLE-SLIT EXPERIMENT AND BOGOLIUBOV'S CAUSALITY PRINCIPLE D. A. Slavnov
ˆ ˆŠ Œ ˆ ˆ Œ ƒ Ÿ 2010.. 41.. 6 DOUBLE-SLIT EXPERIMENT AND BOGOLIUBOV'S CAUSALITY PRINCIPLE D. A. Slavnov Department of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow In the Bogoliubov approach the causality
More informationGeneralization to Absence of Spherical Symmetry p. 48 Scattering by a Uniform Sphere (Mie Theory) p. 48 Calculation of the [characters not
Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves p. 1 Formalism and General Results p. 3 The Maxwell Equations p. 3 Stokes Parameters and Polarization p. 4 Definition of the Stokes Parameters p. 4 Significance of the
More informationQuantum Correlation in Matrix Product States of One-Dimensional Spin Chains
Commun. Theor. Phys. 6 (015) 356 360 Vol. 6, No. 3, September 1, 015 Quantum Correlation in Matrix Product States of One-Dimensional Spin Chains ZHU Jing-Min ( ) College of Optoelectronics Technology,
More informationMax-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften Leipzig
Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften Leipzig Coherence of Assistance and Regularized Coherence of Assistance by Ming-Jing Zhao, Teng Ma, and Shao-Ming Fei Preprint no.: 14 2018
More informationDecay. Scalar Meson σ Phase Motion at D + π π + π + 1 Introduction. 2 Extracting f 0 (980) phase motion with the AD method.
1398 Brazilian Journal of Physics, vol. 34, no. 4A, December, 2004 Scalar Meson σ Phase Motion at D + π π + π + Decay Ignacio Bediaga Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas-CBPF Rua Xavier Sigaud 150,
More informationarxiv:hep-lat/ v2 1 Jun 2005
Two Particle States and the S-matrix Elements in Multi-channel Scattering Song He a, Xu Feng a and Chuan Liu a arxiv:hep-lat/050409v2 Jun 2005 Abstract a School of Physics Peking University Beijing, 0087,
More informationPion polarizabilities: No conflict between dispersion theory and ChPT
: No conflict between dispersion theory and ChPT Barbara Pasquini a, b, and Stefan Scherer b a Dipartimento di Fisica Nucleare e Teorica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, and INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Italy
More informationLight by Light. Summer School on Reaction Theory. Michael Pennington Jefferson Lab
Light by Light Summer School on Reaction Theory Michael Pennington Jefferson Lab Amplitude Analysis g g R p p resonances have definite quantum numbers I, J, P (C) g p g p = S F Jl (s) Y Jl (J,j) J,l Amplitude
More informationarxiv:nucl-th/ v1 20 Aug 1996
Influence of spin-rotation measurements on partial-wave analyses of elastic pion-nucleon scattering I. G. Alekseev, V. P. Kanavets, B. V. Morozov, D. N. Svirida Institute for Theoretical and Experimental
More informationNPTEL
NPTEL Syllabus Selected Topics in Mathematical Physics - Video course COURSE OUTLINE Analytic functions of a complex variable. Calculus of residues, Linear response; dispersion relations. Analytic continuation
More informationStructures of (ΩΩ) 0 + and (ΞΩ) 1 + in Extended Chiral SU(3) Quark Model
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 40 (003) pp. 33 336 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 40, No. 3, September 15, 003 Structures of (ΩΩ) 0 + and (ΞΩ) 1 + in Extended Chiral SU(3) Quark Model
More information1. Introduction As is well known, the bosonic string can be described by the two-dimensional quantum gravity coupled with D scalar elds, where D denot
RIMS-1161 Proof of the Gauge Independence of the Conformal Anomaly of Bosonic String in the Sense of Kraemmer and Rebhan Mitsuo Abe a; 1 and Noboru Nakanishi b; 2 a Research Institute for Mathematical
More informationPhysics 218. Quantum Field Theory. Professor Dine. Green s Functions and S Matrices from the Operator (Hamiltonian) Viewpoint
Physics 28. Quantum Field Theory. Professor Dine Green s Functions and S Matrices from the Operator (Hamiltonian) Viewpoint Field Theory in a Box Consider a real scalar field, with lagrangian L = 2 ( µφ)
More informationarxiv:gr-qc/ v1 14 Jul 2004
Black hole entropy in Loop Quantum Gravity Krzysztof A. Meissner arxiv:gr-qc/040705v1 14 Jul 004 Institute of Theoretical Physics, Warsaw University Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland, Abstract We calculate
More informationarxiv:nucl-th/ v1 23 Feb 2007 Pion-nucleon scattering within a gauged linear sigma model with parity-doubled nucleons
February 5, 28 13:17 WSPC/INSTRUCTION FILE International Journal of Modern Physics E c World Scientific Publishing Company arxiv:nucl-th/7276v1 23 Feb 27 Pion-nucleon scattering within a gauged linear
More informationA Piezoelectric Screw Dislocation Interacting with an Elliptical Piezoelectric Inhomogeneity Containing a Confocal Elliptical Rigid Core
Commun. Theor. Phys. 56 774 778 Vol. 56, No. 4, October 5, A Piezoelectric Screw Dislocation Interacting with an Elliptical Piezoelectric Inhomogeneity Containing a Confocal Elliptical Rigid Core JIANG
More informationDuality between constraints and gauge conditions
Duality between constraints and gauge conditions arxiv:hep-th/0504220v2 28 Apr 2005 M. Stoilov Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria E-mail: mstoilov@inrne.bas.bg 24 April
More informationTHE IMAGINARY CUBIC PERTURBATION: A NUMERICAL AND ANALYTIC STUDY JEAN ZINN-JUSTIN
THE IMAGINARY CUBIC PERTURBATION: A NUMERICAL AND ANALYTIC STUDY JEAN ZINN-JUSTIN CEA, IRFU (irfu.cea.fr), IPhT Centre de Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France and Shanghai University E-mail: jean.zinn-justin@cea.fr
More informationKnotted pictures of the GHZ states on the surface of a trivial torus
Chin. Phys. B Vol. 1, No. 7 (01) 07001 Knotted pictures of the GHZ states on the surface of a trivial torus Gu Zhi-Yu( 顾之雨 ) a) and Qian Shang-Wu( 钱尚武 ) b) a) Physics Department, Capital Normal University,
More informationo. 5 Proposal of many-party controlled teleportation for by (C 1 ;C ; ;C ) can be expressed as [16] j' w i (c 0 j000 :::0i + c 1 j100 :::0i + c
Vol 14 o 5, May 005 cfl 005 Chin. Phys. Soc. 1009-1963/005/14(05)/0974-06 Chinese Physics and IOP Publishing Ltd Proposal of many-party controlled teleportation for multi-qubit entangled W state * Huang
More informationA NEW APPROACH FOR SOLITON SOLUTIONS OF RLW EQUATION AND (1+2)-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER S EQUATION
A NEW APPROACH FOR SOLITON SOLUTIONS OF RLW EQUATION AND (+2-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER S EQUATION ALI FILIZ ABDULLAH SONMEZOGLU MEHMET EKICI and DURGUN DURAN Communicated by Horia Cornean In this
More informationEffects of Atomic Coherence and Injected Classical Field on Chaotic Dynamics of Non-degenerate Cascade Two-Photon Lasers
Commun. Theor. Phys. Beijing China) 48 2007) pp. 288 294 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 48 No. 2 August 15 2007 Effects of Atomic Coherence and Injected Classical Field on Chaotic Dynamics of
More informationAn Improved F-Expansion Method and Its Application to Coupled Drinfel d Sokolov Wilson Equation
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 50 (008) pp. 309 314 c Chinese Physical Society Vol. 50, No., August 15, 008 An Improved F-Expansion Method and Its Application to Coupled Drinfel d Sokolov Wilson
More informationMatrix Airy functions for compact Lie groups
Matrix Airy functions for compact Lie groups V. S. Varadarajan University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Los Angeles, November 12, 2008 Abstract The classical Airy function and its many applications
More informationarxiv:hep-ph/ v1 12 Mar 1998
UCL-IPT-98-04 Hadronic Phases and Isospin Amplitudes in D(B) ππ and D(B) K K Decays arxiv:hep-ph/9803328v1 12 Mar 1998 J.-M. Gérard, J. Pestieau and J. Weyers Institut de Physique Théorique Université
More informationQuantum Field Theory II
Quantum Field Theory II T. Nguyen PHY 391 Independent Study Term Paper Prof. S.G. Rajeev University of Rochester April 2, 218 1 Introduction The purpose of this independent study is to familiarize ourselves
More information1 Numbers. exponential functions, such as x 7! a x ; where a; x 2 R; trigonometric functions, such as x 7! sin x; where x 2 R; ffiffi x ; where x 0:
Numbers In this book we study the properties of real functions defined on intervals of the real line (possibly the whole real line) and whose image also lies on the real line. In other words, they map
More informationarxiv:hep-ph/ v1 10 Aug 2005
Extraction of the K K isovector scattering length from pp dk + K0 data near threshold arxiv:hep-ph/0508118v1 10 Aug 2005 M. Büscher 1, A. Dzyuba 2, V. Kleber 1, S. Krewald 1, R. H. Lemmer 1, 3, and F.
More informationChiral dynamics and baryon resonances
Chiral dynamics and baryon resonances Tetsuo Hyodo a Tokyo Institute of Technology a supported by Global Center of Excellence Program Nanoscience and Quantum Physics 2009, June 5th 1 Contents Contents
More informationMATH 434 Fall 2016 Homework 1, due on Wednesday August 31
Homework 1, due on Wednesday August 31 Problem 1. Let z = 2 i and z = 3 + 4i. Write the product zz and the quotient z z in the form a + ib, with a, b R. Problem 2. Let z C be a complex number, and let
More information