Lecture 5 September 18, 2009 Electron Shell Model & Quantum Numbers
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1 Welcome to Lecture 5 September 18, 2009 Electron Shell Model & Quantum Numbers
2 Periodic Table Quiz Name Grade /10 Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
3 Figure 6.9 Prism Spectrograph A.A. Ångström (1853) spectrum of atomic H, not H2
4 Electronic emission transition Higher-Energy Orbit e - e - Photon Lower-Energy Orbit Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
5 Bohr Postulates for the Hydrogen Atom 1. Rutherford atom is correct 2. Classical EM theory not applicable to orbiting e - 3. Newtonian mechanics applicable to orbiting e - 4. E electron = E kinetic + E potential 5. e - energy quantized through its angular momentum: L = mvr = nh/2π, n = 1, 2, 3, 6. Planck-Einstein relation applies to e - transitions: ΔE = E f - E i = hν = hc/λ c = νλ
6 Figure 6.11 (a) Balmer Series Transitions n = 5 n = 6 n = 4 (b) Electronic emission transition n = nm Higher-Energy Orbit e nm 434 nm e - Photon 656 nm Lower-Energy Orbit n = 2 Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
7 Figure 6.4a E, ν, ν λ Wavelength, λ (m) (b) Gamma X ray Ultraviolet Infrared Microwave Radio Frequency, ν (Hz) (a) Visible Spectrum Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red Wavelength, λ (nm) Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
8 Figure 6.12 Lyman Series Balmer Series n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 Paschen Series n = 4 n = 5 n = 6 Pfund Series Brackett Series Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
9 Bohr Postulates for the Hydrogen Atom 1. Rutherford atom is correct 2. Classical EM theory not applicable to orbiting e - 3. Newtonian mechanics applicable to orbiting e - 4. E electron = E kinetic + E potential 5. e - energy quantized through its angular momentum: L = mvr = nh/2π, n = 1, 2, 3, 6. Planck-Einstein relation applies to e - transitions: ΔE = E f - E i = hν = hc/λ c = νλ
10 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925 "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom" Gustav Ludwig Hertz 1/2 of the prize Germany Halle University Halle, Germany B D James Franck 1/2 of the prize Germany Goettingen University Goettingen, Germany B D Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
11 Figure 6.9 Prism Spectrograph A.A. Ångström (1853) spectrum of atomic H, not H2 Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
12 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907 "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid" Albert Abraham Michelson USA University of Chicago Chicago, ll, USA b (in Strelno, then Germany) d Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
13 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902 "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena" Hendrik Antoon Lorentz 1/2 of the prize the Netherlands Leiden University Leiden, the Netherlands b d Pieter Zeeman 1/2 of the prize the Netherlands Amsterdam University Amsterdam, the Netherlands b d Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
14 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919 "for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields" Johannes Stark Germany Greifswald University Greifswald, Germany b d Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
15 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them" Niels Henrik David Bohr Denmark Copenhagen University Copenhagen, Denmark b d Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
16 source unknown. All rights reserved. This image is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see Arnold Sommerfeld on the occasion of his 80 th birthday
17 Substrate Schematic representation of the Stern Gerlach experiment (1921). Furnace containing molten Ag S µ s N Slit Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
18 no magnetic field source unknown. All rights reserved. This image is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see divergent magnetic field Z odd
19 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943 "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton" Otto Stern USA Carnegie Institute of Technology Pittsburgh, PA, USA b (in Sorau, then Germany) d Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
20 Hindenburg B 747 HYDROGEN IN TRANSPORTATION Titanic * built in Germany by Zeppelin (LZ129) * 135 ft in dia. 804 ft long * 7 million cu ft gas * 112 tons useful lift source unknown. All rights reserved. This image is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see * Helium Control Act inflated with H 2
21 Hindenburg * 10 transatlantic flights in 1936: 1002 passengers * cruising speed 78 mph * May 6, 1937 arrival of first flight to US source unknown. All rights reserved. This image is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see
22 * while docking at Lakehurst, NJ source unknown. All rights reserved. This image is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see
23 source unknown. All rights reserved. This image is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see
24 * 35 dead of 97 on board * electrical discharge in vicinity of H 2 leak * skin of resin (finished with lacquer dope) + aluminum powder + iron oxide on inside sheets of SOLID ROCKET MOTOR grains * end of rigid airships in commercial air transportation
25 * US Navy airship filled with helium (1956) * two-ply cotton envelope could not withstand gasoline fire source unknown. All rights reserved. This image is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see
26 source unknown. All rights reserved. This image is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see
27 Vicki! I - I Thought I Heard Your Voice! Roy Lichtenstein (1964) enamel on steel Photo courtesy of action datsun on Flickr.
28 Magnifying Glass Roy Lichtenstein (1963) oil on canvas Photo courtesy of Kyle McDonald on Flickr.
29 MIT OpenCourseWare SC Introduction to Solid State Chemistry Fall 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit:
where n = (an integer) =
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