13.4 Differentiability, linearization and differentials
|
|
- Randolf Hardy
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 13.4 Differentiability, linearization and differentials Theorem [The Increment Theorem for Functions of Two Variables] Suppose that the first partial derivatives of f ( xy, ) are defined throughout an open region R containing the point (x 0 ). Then the change z = f + x + y ) f ) in the value of f that results from moving from (x 0 ) to another point + x + y ) in R satisfies an equation of the form z = f x ) x + f y ( x_0. y_0) y + ε 1 x + ε 2 y, in which ε 1, ε 2 0, as x, y 0. Definition [Differentiability of a Function of Two Variables] A function z = f ( xy, ) is differentiable at (x 0 ) if f x ) and f y ) exist and z satisfies an equation of the form z = f x ) x + f y ) y + ε 1 x + ε 2 y, in which ε 1, ε 2 0 as x, y 0. We call f differentiable if it is differentiable at every point in its domain. Corollary [Continuity of Partial Derivatives Implies Differentiability] If the partial derivatives f x and f y of a function f ( xy, ) are continuous throughout an open region R, then f is differentiable at every point in R. Theorem [Differentiability implies continuity] If a function f ( xy, ) is differentiable at (x 0 ), then f is continuous at (x 0 ). *** Definition [Linearization, Standard Linear Approximation] The linearization of a function f ( xy, ) at a point (x 0 ) where f is differentiable is the function L ( xy, ) = f ) + f x )( x x 0 ) + f y )( ) y y 0. The approximation of f (, ) xy? is the standard linear approximation of f at (x 0 ). L (, ) xy by The error in the standard linear approximation If f has continuous first and second partial derivatives throughout an open set containing a rectangle R centered at (x 0 ) and if M is an upper bound for the values of f xx, f yy and f xy on R, then the error E ( xy, ) incurred in replacing f ( xy, ) on R by its linearization L ( xy, ) = f ) + f x )( x x 0 ) + f y )( ) y y 0 satisfies the inequality E ( x, y) 1 2
2 2 M ( x x 0 + y y 0 ) ***. Definition [Total Differential] If we move from (x 0 ) to a point + dx + dy) nearby, the resulting change in the linearization of f is df = f x ) dx + f y ) dy. This change in the linearization of f is called the total differential of f. Local Linearity Worksheet by Mike May, S.J.- maymk@slu.edu This worksheet deals with material in section 13.4, which looks at the tangent plane and local linearity restart: with(plots): Warning, the name changecoords has been redefined Zooming and the main idea: The main idea of local linearity starts with an observation that most students make within a few days of working with a graphing calculator. "If you zoom in far enough on any function, it becomes a straight line." That observation is not quite correct, and the sections on continuity and differentiability are efforts to look at the exceptions. The result we want is a slight modification: Theorem : For any function of one variable nice enough for us to use it in a calculus class, if we zoom in far enough at any place other than an isolated set of problem points, the graph eventually looks like a straight line. Note the wiggle words. There are functions that behave very badly, but we don't look at them in this class. Such badly behaved functions get covered in the course called analysis. For our functions, the places where the function does not behave well are isolated. They get special attention, since most of our theorems fail at those points. Example 1: Show that the function f( x ) = e x + sin( x) + x 3 tan( x 2 ) is locally linear at x=3. f := x - exp(x) + sin(x) + x^3*tan(x^2): a := 3: del := 1: plot(f(x), x = a-del..a+del, axes=boxed);
3 The graph is very non-linear when del = 1. When we change the value of del and re-execute, we see the function is almost linear when del =.1, and very linear when del =.01. Since this is multivariable calculus, we want to look at the obvious generalization to functions of two variables: Theorem : For any function of two variables nice enough for us to use it in a calculus class, if we zoom in far enough at any place other than an isolated set of problem points, the graph eventually looks like a plane. Note that we keep all the wiggle words. The main change is that the graph of a linear function in two variables is a plane. Example 2: Show that the function g ( xy, ) = e x y 3 + sin( xy) + x 3 tan( y 2 ) is locally linear at x=3, y=2. g := (x, y) - exp(x) -y^3 + sin(x*y) + x^3*tan(y^2): a := 3: b:=2: del := 1: plot3d(g(x,y), x = a-del..a+del, y = b-del..b+del, axes=boxed);
4 Once again, the graph is very non-linear when del = 1, almost linear when del =.1, and very linear when del =.01. Exercise 1: Let c and d be two distinct nonzero digits from the social security numbers of the people working y 3 on this worksheet. Find del small enough that the graph of h ( x, y ) = x 2 + sin ( 3 x + 2 y ) 10 looks linear for a ±del region around (c-4.5, d-5.5). Linear approximation and the tangent plane: If for small regions, all nice functions look like planes, then when an approximation is good enough, we can use the plane rather than the original function. The plane in question is clearly the tangent plane. If we are to use such an approximation, it is instructive to see the graph of the function and the tangent plane graphed together. Once again we start with a function in one variable and generalize. Example 3: Graph the function f(x) = e^x + sin(x) + x^3*tan(x^2) and its tangent line in a small region near x=3. f := x - exp(x) + sin(x) + x^3*tan(x^2); fx := diff(f(x),x): xval := 3.0:
5 xslope := subs(x=xval, fx): tanline := x - f(xval) + xslope*(x-xval): tanline(x); del :=.15: plot({f(x), tanline(x)}, x = xval-del..xval+del, axes=boxed); f := x e x + sin( x) + x 3 tan( x 2 ) x It looks like a good approximation for a ±.04 region. Example 4: Graph the function g(x, y) = e^x -y^3+ sin(xy) + x^3*tan(y^2) and its tangent plane in a small region near x=3, y=2 to show it is locally linear. g := (x, y) - exp(x) -y^3 + sin(x*y) + x^3*tan(y^2); xval := 3.0: yval:=2.0: gx := diff(g(x,y),x): gy := diff(g(x,y),y): xslope := subs({x=xval,y=yval}, gx): yslope := subs({x=xval,y=yval}, gy): tanplane := (x, y) - g(xval,yval) + xslope*(x-xval) + yslope*(y-yval): tanplane(x,y); del :=.15: surfplot := plot3d(g(x,y), x = xval-del..xval+del, y = yval-del..yval+del, color=red):
6 tanplot := plot3d(tanplane(x,y), x = xval-del..xval+del, y = yval-del..yval+del, color=green): display3d({surfplot, tanplot}, axes=boxed); g := ( xy, ) e x y 3 + sin( yx) + x 3 tan( y 2 ) x y The tangent plane seems to be a good approximation in a ±.05 region. Exercise 2: Let c, d, and g(x,y) be as above. Graph g(x,y) and its tangent plane in a small enough region around (c,d) that it is obvious that the tangent plane gives a good approximation for g(x,y). Applications: Time for the regular question, "And why do I care?" or its less abrasive version "What can this be applied to?" The problems we look at for this material see a number of uses: 1) I want to quickly approximate a function near a nice point. This obviously works with polynomials. It also works with trig functions near points we can evaluate. 2) I am working with imprecise input values. (This would happen anytime I am outside of math class and my values were measured in a lab.) I am often concerned then with how much a small change in input values will change the outputs. (I am trying to create error bars for my lab
7 write-up.) Exercise 3: Let c, d, and g(x,y) be as above. Use the tangent plane equation to approximate g(c+.01,d-.03). Exercise 4: Let c, d, and g(x,y) be as above. Estimate the possible error if c and d are both measured within.01. (What is the maximum distance between g(x, y) and the tangent plane in that region?)
Sec. 14.3: Partial Derivatives. All of the following are ways of representing the derivative. y dx
Math 2204 Multivariable Calc Chapter 14: Partial Derivatives I. Review from math 1225 A. First Derivative Sec. 14.3: Partial Derivatives 1. Def n : The derivative of the function f with respect to the
More informationMath 212-Lecture 8. The chain rule with one independent variable
Math 212-Lecture 8 137: The multivariable chain rule The chain rule with one independent variable w = f(x, y) If the particle is moving along a curve x = x(t), y = y(t), then the values that the particle
More informationPartial Derivatives for Math 229. Our puropose here is to explain how one computes partial derivatives. We will not attempt
Partial Derivatives for Math 229 Our puropose here is to explain how one computes partial derivatives. We will not attempt to explain how they arise or why one would use them; that is left to other courses
More informationVANDERBILT UNIVERSITY. MATH 2300 MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS Practice Test 1 Solutions
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MATH 2300 MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS Practice Test 1 Solutions Directions. This practice test should be used as a study guide, illustrating the concepts that will be emphasized in the
More informationMath 113 (Calculus 2) Exam 4
Math 3 (Calculus ) Exam 4 November 0 November, 009 Sections 0, 3 7 Name Student ID Section Instructor In some cases a series may be seen to converge or diverge for more than one reason. For such problems
More information2.12: Derivatives of Exp/Log (cont d) and 2.15: Antiderivatives and Initial Value Problems
2.12: Derivatives of Exp/Log (cont d) and 2.15: Antiderivatives and Initial Value Problems Mathematics 3 Lecture 14 Dartmouth College February 03, 2010 Derivatives of the Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
More informationFind the indicated derivative. 1) Find y(4) if y = 3 sin x. A) y(4) = 3 cos x B) y(4) = 3 sin x C) y(4) = - 3 cos x D) y(4) = - 3 sin x
Assignment 5 Name Find the indicated derivative. ) Find y(4) if y = sin x. ) A) y(4) = cos x B) y(4) = sin x y(4) = - cos x y(4) = - sin x ) y = (csc x + cot x)(csc x - cot x) ) A) y = 0 B) y = y = - csc
More information13 Implicit Differentiation
- 13 Implicit Differentiation This sections highlights the difference between explicit and implicit expressions, and focuses on the differentiation of the latter, which can be a very useful tool in mathematics.
More informationMath 132 Lab 3: Differential Equations
Math 132 Lab 3: Differential Equations Instructions. Follow the directions in each part of the lab. The lab report is due Monday, April 19. You need only hand in these pages. Answer each lab question in
More information6.0 INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
6.0 Introduction to Differential Equations Contemporary Calculus 1 6.0 INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS This chapter is an introduction to differential equations, a major field in applied and theoretical
More information1.4 Techniques of Integration
.4 Techniques of Integration Recall the following strategy for evaluating definite integrals, which arose from the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (see Section.3). To calculate b a f(x) dx. Find a function
More informationSection 3.6 The chain rule 1 Lecture. Dr. Abdulla Eid. College of Science. MATHS 101: Calculus I
Section 3.6 The chain rule 1 Lecture College of Science MATHS 101: Calculus I (University of Bahrain) Logarithmic Differentiation 1 / 23 Motivation Goal: We want to derive rules to find the derivative
More informationPartial Derivatives October 2013
Partial Derivatives 14.3 02 October 2013 Derivative in one variable. Recall for a function of one variable, f (a) = lim h 0 f (a + h) f (a) h slope f (a + h) f (a) h a a + h Partial derivatives. For a
More informationSection 3.6 The chain rule 1 Lecture. Dr. Abdulla Eid. College of Science. MATHS 101: Calculus I
Section 3.6 The chain rule 1 Lecture College of Science MATHS 101: Calculus I (University of Bahrain) Logarithmic Differentiation 1 / 1 Motivation Goal: We want to derive rules to find the derivative of
More informationProblem set 7 Math 207A, Fall 2011 Solutions
Problem set 7 Math 207A, Fall 2011 s 1. Classify the equilibrium (x, y) = (0, 0) of the system x t = x, y t = y + x 2. Is the equilibrium hyperbolic? Find an equation for the trajectories in (x, y)- phase
More informationM311 Functions of Several Variables. CHAPTER 1. Continuity CHAPTER 2. The Bolzano Weierstrass Theorem and Compact Sets CHAPTER 3.
M311 Functions of Several Variables 2006 CHAPTER 1. Continuity CHAPTER 2. The Bolzano Weierstrass Theorem and Compact Sets CHAPTER 3. Differentiability 1 2 CHAPTER 1. Continuity If (a, b) R 2 then we write
More informationcos t 2 sin 2t (vi) y = cosh t sinh t (vii) y sin x 2 = x sin y 2 (viii) xy = cot(xy) (ix) 1 + x = sin(xy 2 ) (v) g(t) =
MATH1003 REVISION 1. Differentiate the following functions, simplifying your answers when appropriate: (i) f(x) = (x 3 2) tan x (ii) y = (3x 5 1) 6 (iii) y 2 = x 2 3 (iv) y = ln(ln(7 + x)) e 5x3 (v) g(t)
More informationProblem. Set up the definite integral that gives the area of the region. y 1 = x 2 6x, y 2 = 0. dx = ( 2x 2 + 6x) dx.
Wednesday, September 3, 5 Page Problem Problem. Set up the definite integral that gives the area of the region y x 6x, y Solution. The graphs intersect at x and x 6 and y is the uppermost function. So
More informationExample: Limit definition. Geometric meaning. Geometric meaning, y. Notes. Notes. Notes. f (x, y) = x 2 y 3 :
Partial Derivatives 14.3 02 October 2013 Derivative in one variable. Recall for a function of one variable, f (a) = lim h 0 f (a + h) f (a) h slope f (a + h) f (a) h a a + h Partial derivatives. For a
More information3 Algebraic Methods. we can differentiate both sides implicitly to obtain a differential equation involving x and y:
3 Algebraic Methods b The first appearance of the equation E Mc 2 in Einstein s handwritten notes. So far, the only general class of differential equations that we know how to solve are directly integrable
More information(c) Find the equation of the degree 3 polynomial that has the same y-value, slope, curvature, and third derivative as ln(x + 1) at x = 0.
Chapter 7 Challenge problems Example. (a) Find the equation of the tangent line for ln(x + ) at x = 0. (b) Find the equation of the parabola that is tangent to ln(x + ) at x = 0 (i.e. the parabola has
More informationMATH 1231 MATHEMATICS 1B CALCULUS. Section 5: - Power Series and Taylor Series.
MATH 1231 MATHEMATICS 1B CALCULUS. Section 5: - Power Series and Taylor Series. The objective of this section is to become familiar with the theory and application of power series and Taylor series. By
More informationUNIT 3: DERIVATIVES STUDY GUIDE
Calculus I UNIT 3: Derivatives REVIEW Name: Date: UNIT 3: DERIVATIVES STUDY GUIDE Section 1: Section 2: Limit Definition (Derivative as the Slope of the Tangent Line) Calculating Rates of Change (Average
More informationModule Two: Differential Calculus(continued) synopsis of results and problems (student copy)
Module Two: Differential Calculus(continued) synopsis of results and problems (student copy) Srikanth K S 1 Syllabus Taylor s and Maclaurin s theorems for function of one variable(statement only)- problems.
More informationMathematics 1 Lecture Notes Chapter 1 Algebra Review
Mathematics 1 Lecture Notes Chapter 1 Algebra Review c Trinity College 1 A note to the students from the lecturer: This course will be moving rather quickly, and it will be in your own best interests to
More informationTaylor and Maclaurin Series. Approximating functions using Polynomials.
Taylor and Maclaurin Series Approximating functions using Polynomials. Approximating f x = e x near x = 0 In order to approximate the function f x = e x near x = 0, we can use the tangent line (The Linear
More informationPractice problems from old exams for math 132 William H. Meeks III
Practice problems from old exams for math 32 William H. Meeks III Disclaimer: Your instructor covers far more materials that we can possibly fit into a four/five questions exams. These practice tests are
More informationAP Calculus Chapter 3 Testbank (Mr. Surowski)
AP Calculus Chapter 3 Testbank (Mr. Surowski) Part I. Multiple-Choice Questions (5 points each; please circle the correct answer.). If f(x) = 0x 4 3 + x, then f (8) = (A) (B) 4 3 (C) 83 3 (D) 2 3 (E) 2
More informationFunctions of Several Variables
Functions of Several Variables Partial Derivatives Philippe B Laval KSU March 21, 2012 Philippe B Laval (KSU) Functions of Several Variables March 21, 2012 1 / 19 Introduction In this section we extend
More informationSection 3.5 The Implicit Function Theorem
Section 3.5 The Implicit Function Theorem THEOREM 11 (Special Implicit Function Theorem): Suppose that F : R n+1 R has continuous partial derivatives. Denoting points in R n+1 by (x, z), where x R n and
More informationDRAFT - Math 101 Lecture Note - Dr. Said Algarni
2 Limits 2.1 The Tangent Problems The word tangent is derived from the Latin word tangens, which means touching. A tangent line to a curve is a line that touches the curve and a secant line is a line that
More informationExploring the Mathematics Behind Skateboarding: Analysis of the Directional Derivative
Exploring the Mathematics Behind Skateboarding: Analysis of the Directional Derivative Chapter 13, Section 6 Adapted from a worksheet prepared for Thomas' Calculus, Finney, Weir, Giordano updated for Maple
More information(b) Prove that the following function does not tend to a limit as x tends. is continuous at 1. [6] you use. (i) f(x) = x 4 4x+7, I = [1,2]
TMA M208 06 Cut-off date 28 April 2014 (Analysis Block B) Question 1 (Unit AB1) 25 marks This question tests your understanding of limits, the ε δ definition of continuity and uniform continuity, and your
More informationDr. Sophie Marques. MAM1020S Tutorial 8 August Divide. 1. 6x 2 + x 15 by 3x + 5. Solution: Do a long division show your work.
Dr. Sophie Marques MAM100S Tutorial 8 August 017 1. Divide 1. 6x + x 15 by 3x + 5. 6x + x 15 = (x 3)(3x + 5) + 0. 1a 4 17a 3 + 9a + 7a 6 by 3a 1a 4 17a 3 + 9a + 7a 6 = (4a 3 3a + a + 3)(3a ) + 0 3. 1a
More informationFinal Exam Solutions
Final Exam Solutions Laurence Field Math, Section March, Name: Solutions Instructions: This exam has 8 questions for a total of points. The value of each part of each question is stated. The time allowed
More informationTaylor and Maclaurin Series. Approximating functions using Polynomials.
Taylor and Maclaurin Series Approximating functions using Polynomials. Approximating f x = e x near x = 0 In order to approximate the function f x = e x near x = 0, we can use the tangent line (The Linear
More informationMath 31A Differential and Integral Calculus. Final
Math 31A Differential and Integral Calculus Final Instructions: You have 3 hours to complete this exam. There are eight questions, worth a total of??? points. This test is closed book and closed notes.
More information4 Partial Differentiation
4 Partial Differentiation Many equations in engineering, physics and mathematics tie together more than two variables. For example Ohm s Law (V = IR) and the equation for an ideal gas, PV = nrt, which
More informationMATH 116, LECTURE 13, 14 & 15: Derivatives
MATH 116, LECTURE 13, 14 & 15: Derivatives 1 Formal Definition of the Derivative We have seen plenty of limits so far, but very few applications. In particular, we have seen very few functions for which
More information2.8 Linear Approximations and Differentials
Arkansas Tech University MATH 294: Calculus I Dr. Marcel B. Finan 2.8 Linear Approximations and Differentials In this section we approximate graphs by tangent lines which we refer to as tangent line approximations.
More information8.7 Taylor s Inequality Math 2300 Section 005 Calculus II. f(x) = ln(1 + x) f(0) = 0
8.7 Taylor s Inequality Math 00 Section 005 Calculus II Name: ANSWER KEY Taylor s Inequality: If f (n+) is continuous and f (n+) < M between the center a and some point x, then f(x) T n (x) M x a n+ (n
More informationLECTURE 11 - PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION
LECTURE 11 - PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION CHRIS JOHNSON Abstract Partial differentiation is a natural generalization of the differentiation of a function of a single variable that you are familiar with 1 Introduction
More informationMAT137 Calculus! Lecture 6
MAT137 Calculus! Lecture 6 Today: 3.2 Differentiation Rules; 3.3 Derivatives of higher order. 3.4 Related rates 3.5 Chain Rule 3.6 Derivative of Trig. Functions Next: 3.7 Implicit Differentiation 4.10
More informationThere are some trigonometric identities given on the last page.
MA 114 Calculus II Fall 2015 Exam 4 December 15, 2015 Name: Section: Last 4 digits of student ID #: No books or notes may be used. Turn off all your electronic devices and do not wear ear-plugs during
More informationCalculus Summer Math Practice. 1. Find inverse functions Describe in words how you use algebra to determine the inverse function.
1 Calculus 2017-2018: Summer Study Guide Mr. Kevin Braun (kbraun@bdcs.org) Bishop Dunne Catholic School Calculus Summer Math Practice Please see the math department document for instructions on setting
More informationMath 10C - Fall Final Exam
Math 1C - Fall 217 - Final Exam Problem 1. Consider the function f(x, y) = 1 x 2 (y 1) 2. (i) Draw the level curve through the point P (1, 2). Find the gradient of f at the point P and draw the gradient
More informationMultiple Choice Answers. MA 113 Calculus I Spring 2018 Exam 2 Tuesday, 6 March Question
MA 113 Calculus I Spring 2018 Exam 2 Tuesday, 6 March 2018 Name: Section: Last 4 digits of student ID #: This exam has 12 multiple choice questions (five points each) and 4 free response questions (ten
More informationAP Calculus Testbank (Chapter 9) (Mr. Surowski)
AP Calculus Testbank (Chapter 9) (Mr. Surowski) Part I. Multiple-Choice Questions n 1 1. The series will converge, provided that n 1+p + n + 1 (A) p > 1 (B) p > 2 (C) p >.5 (D) p 0 2. The series
More informationMSM120 1M1 First year mathematics for civil engineers Revision notes 4
MSM10 1M1 First year mathematics for civil engineers Revision notes 4 Professor Robert A. Wilson Autumn 001 Series A series is just an extended sum, where we may want to add up infinitely many numbers.
More informationInfinite series, improper integrals, and Taylor series
Chapter 2 Infinite series, improper integrals, and Taylor series 2. Introduction to series In studying calculus, we have explored a variety of functions. Among the most basic are polynomials, i.e. functions
More informationREVIEW OF DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
REVIEW OF DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS DONU ARAPURA 1. Limits and continuity To simplify the statements, we will often stick to two variables, but everything holds with any number of variables. Let f(x, y) be
More informationLIMITS AT INFINITY MR. VELAZQUEZ AP CALCULUS
LIMITS AT INFINITY MR. VELAZQUEZ AP CALCULUS RECALL: VERTICAL ASYMPTOTES Remember that for a rational function, vertical asymptotes occur at values of x = a which have infinite its (either positive or
More informationMath 1131Q Section 10
Math 1131Q Section 10 Review Oct 5, 2010 Exam 1 DATE: Tuesday, October 5 TIME: 6-8 PM Exam Rooms Sections 11D, 14D, 15D CLAS 110 Sections12D, 13D, 16D PB 38 (Physics Building) Material covered on the exam:
More informationPreliminaries Lectures. Dr. Abdulla Eid. Department of Mathematics MATHS 101: Calculus I
Preliminaries 2 1 2 Lectures Department of Mathematics http://www.abdullaeid.net/maths101 MATHS 101: Calculus I (University of Bahrain) Prelim 1 / 35 Pre Calculus MATHS 101: Calculus MATHS 101 is all about
More informationFinal Exam. Math 3 December 7, 2010
Final Exam Math 3 December 7, 200 Name: On this final examination for Math 3 in Fall 200, I will work individually, neither giving nor receiving help, guided by the Dartmouth Academic Honor Principle.
More informationMaxima and Minima. (a, b) of R if
Maxima and Minima Definition Let R be any region on the xy-plane, a function f (x, y) attains its absolute or global, maximum value M on R at the point (a, b) of R if (i) f (x, y) M for all points (x,
More informationf ( c ) = lim{x->c} (f(x)-f(c))/(x-c) = lim{x->c} (1/x - 1/c)/(x-c) = lim {x->c} ( (c - x)/( c x)) / (x-c) = lim {x->c} -1/( c x) = - 1 / x 2
There are 9 problems, most with multiple parts. The Derivative #1. Define f: R\{0} R by [f(x) = 1/x] Use the definition of derivative (page 1 of Differentiation notes, or Def. 4.1.1, Lebl) to find, the
More informationMath 152 Take Home Test 1
Math 5 Take Home Test Due Monday 5 th October (5 points) The following test will be done at home in order to ensure that it is a fair and representative reflection of your own ability in mathematics I
More information2. Algebraic functions, power functions, exponential functions, trig functions
Math, Prep: Familiar Functions (.,.,.5, Appendix D) Name: Names of collaborators: Main Points to Review:. Functions, models, graphs, tables, domain and range. Algebraic functions, power functions, exponential
More informationInterpreting Derivatives, Local Linearity, Newton s
Unit #4 : Method Interpreting Derivatives, Local Linearity, Newton s Goals: Review inverse trigonometric functions and their derivatives. Create and use linearization/tangent line formulas. Investigate
More information(a) x cos 3x dx We apply integration by parts. Take u = x, so that dv = cos 3x dx, v = 1 sin 3x, du = dx. Thus
Math 128 Midterm Examination 2 October 21, 28 Name 6 problems, 112 (oops) points. Instructions: Show all work partial credit will be given, and Answers without work are worth credit without points. You
More information2.2 Separable Equations
2.2 Separable Equations Definition A first-order differential equation that can be written in the form Is said to be separable. Note: the variables of a separable equation can be written as Examples Solve
More informationSlope Fields: Graphing Solutions Without the Solutions
8 Slope Fields: Graphing Solutions Without the Solutions Up to now, our efforts have been directed mainly towards finding formulas or equations describing solutions to given differential equations. Then,
More informationInvestigating Limits in MATLAB
MTH229 Investigating Limits in MATLAB Project 5 Exercises NAME: SECTION: INSTRUCTOR: Exercise 1: Use the graphical approach to find the following right limit of f(x) = x x, x > 0 lim x 0 + xx What is the
More information8.7 MacLaurin Polynomials
8.7 maclaurin polynomials 67 8.7 MacLaurin Polynomials In this chapter you have learned to find antiderivatives of a wide variety of elementary functions, but many more such functions fail to have an antiderivative
More informationSection 4.2: The Mean Value Theorem
Section 4.2: The Mean Value Theorem Before we continue with the problem of describing graphs using calculus we shall briefly pause to examine some interesting applications of the derivative. In previous
More informationFaculty of Engineering, Mathematics and Science School of Mathematics
Faculty of Engineering, Mathematics and Science School of Mathematics GROUPS Trinity Term 06 MA3: Advanced Calculus SAMPLE EXAM, Solutions DAY PLACE TIME Prof. Larry Rolen Instructions to Candidates: Attempt
More informationMATH 18.01, FALL PROBLEM SET # 2
MATH 18.01, FALL 2012 - PROBLEM SET # 2 Professor: Jared Speck Due: by Thursday 4:00pm on 9-20-12 (in the boxes outside of Room 2-255 during the day; stick it under the door if the room is locked; write
More informationExercises for Multivariable Differential Calculus XM521
This document lists all the exercises for XM521. The Type I (True/False) exercises will be given, and should be answered, online immediately following each lecture. The Type III exercises are to be done
More informationB553 Lecture 1: Calculus Review
B553 Lecture 1: Calculus Review Kris Hauser January 10, 2012 This course requires a familiarity with basic calculus, some multivariate calculus, linear algebra, and some basic notions of metric topology.
More informationMATH 19520/51 Class 5
MATH 19520/51 Class 5 Minh-Tam Trinh University of Chicago 2017-10-04 1 Definition of partial derivatives. 2 Geometry of partial derivatives. 3 Higher derivatives. 4 Definition of a partial differential
More informationMath 226 Calculus Spring 2016 Practice Exam 1. (1) (10 Points) Let the differentiable function y = f(x) have inverse function x = f 1 (y).
Math 6 Calculus Spring 016 Practice Exam 1 1) 10 Points) Let the differentiable function y = fx) have inverse function x = f 1 y). a) Write down the formula relating the derivatives f x) and f 1 ) y).
More informationSolutions to Second Midterm(pineapple)
Math 125 Solutions to Second Midterm(pineapple) 1. Compute each of the derivatives below as indicated. 4 points (a) f(x) = 3x 8 5x 4 + 4x e 3. Solution: f (x) = 24x 7 20x + 4. Don t forget that e 3 is
More informationSection 1.4 Tangents and Velocity
Math 132 Tangents and Velocity Section 1.4 Section 1.4 Tangents and Velocity Tangent Lines A tangent line to a curve is a line that just touches the curve. In terms of a circle, the definition is very
More informationLecture 10. (2) Functions of two variables. Partial derivatives. Dan Nichols February 27, 2018
Lecture 10 Partial derivatives Dan Nichols nichols@math.umass.edu MATH 233, Spring 2018 University of Massachusetts February 27, 2018 Last time: functions of two variables f(x, y) x and y are the independent
More informationMath 2400, Midterm 2
Math 24, Midterm 2 October 22, 218 PRINT your name: PRINT instructor s name: Mark your section/instructor: Section 1 Kevin Berg 8: 8:5 Section 2 Philip Kopel 8: 8:5 Section 3 Daniel Martin 8: 8:5 Section
More informationCalculus (Math 1A) Lecture 5
Calculus (Math 1A) Lecture 5 Vivek Shende September 5, 2017 Hello and welcome to class! Hello and welcome to class! Last time Hello and welcome to class! Last time We discussed composition, inverses, exponentials,
More informationLimits and Continuity/Partial Derivatives
Christopher Croke University of Pennsylvania Limits and Continuity/Partial Derivatives Math 115 Limits For (x 0, y 0 ) an interior or a boundary point of the domain of a function f (x, y). Definition:
More informationCalculus 221 worksheet
Calculus 221 worksheet Graphing A function has a global maximum at some a in its domain if f(x) f(a) for all other x in the domain of f. Global maxima are sometimes also called absolute maxima. A function
More informationFINAL REVIEW Answers and hints Math 311 Fall 2017
FINAL RVIW Answers and hints Math 3 Fall 7. Let R be a Jordan region and let f : R be integrable. Prove that the graph of f, as a subset of R 3, has zero volume. Let R be a rectangle with R. Since f is
More informationUnit #4 : Interpreting Derivatives, Local Linearity, Marginal Rates
Unit #4 : Interpreting Derivatives, Local Linearity, Marginal Rates Goals: Develop natural language interpretations of the derivative Create and use linearization/tangent line formulae Describe marginal
More informationc) xy 3 = cos(7x +5y), y 0 = y3 + 7 sin(7x +5y) 3xy sin(7x +5y) d) xe y = sin(xy), y 0 = ey + y cos(xy) x(e y cos(xy)) e) y = x ln(3x + 5), y 0
Some Math 35 review problems With answers 2/6/2005 The following problems are based heavily on problems written by Professor Stephen Greenfield for his Math 35 class in spring 2005. His willingness to
More informationA.P. Calculus Holiday Packet
A.P. Calculus Holiday Packet Since this is a take-home, I cannot stop you from using calculators but you would be wise to use them sparingly. When you are asked questions about graphs of functions, do
More information" $ CALCULUS 2 WORKSHEET #21. t, y = t + 1. are A) x = 0, y = 0 B) x = 0 only C) x = 1, y = 0 D) x = 1 only E) x= 0, y = 1
CALCULUS 2 WORKSHEET #2. The asymptotes of the graph of the parametric equations x = t t, y = t + are A) x = 0, y = 0 B) x = 0 only C) x =, y = 0 D) x = only E) x= 0, y = 2. What are the coordinates of
More information1 Question related to polynomials
07-08 MATH00J Lecture 6: Taylor Series Charles Li Warning: Skip the material involving the estimation of error term Reference: APEX Calculus This lecture introduced Taylor Polynomial and Taylor Series
More informationMath 261 Calculus I. Test 1 Study Guide. Name. Decide whether the limit exists. If it exists, find its value. 1) lim x 1. f(x) 2) lim x -1/2 f(x)
Math 261 Calculus I Test 1 Study Guide Name Decide whether the it exists. If it exists, find its value. 1) x 1 f(x) 2) x -1/2 f(x) Complete the table and use the result to find the indicated it. 3) If
More informationContinuity. MATH 161 Calculus I. J. Robert Buchanan. Fall Department of Mathematics
Continuity MATH 161 Calculus I J. Robert Buchanan Department of Mathematics Fall 2017 Intuitive Idea A process or an item can be described as continuous if it exists without interruption. The mathematical
More informationa k 0, then k + 1 = 2 lim 1 + 1
Math 7 - Midterm - Form A - Page From the desk of C. Davis Buenger. https://people.math.osu.edu/buenger.8/ Problem a) [3 pts] If lim a k = then a k converges. False: The divergence test states that if
More informationAP Calculus (BC) Chapter 9 Test No Calculator Section Name: Date: Period:
WORKSHEET: Series, Taylor Series AP Calculus (BC) Chapter 9 Test No Calculator Section Name: Date: Period: 1 Part I. Multiple-Choice Questions (5 points each; please circle the correct answer.) 1. The
More informationCalculus. Weijiu Liu. Department of Mathematics University of Central Arkansas 201 Donaghey Avenue, Conway, AR 72035, USA
Calculus Weijiu Liu Department of Mathematics University of Central Arkansas 201 Donaghey Avenue, Conway, AR 72035, USA 1 Opening Welcome to your Calculus I class! My name is Weijiu Liu. I will guide you
More informationMTH4101 CALCULUS II REVISION NOTES. 1. COMPLEX NUMBERS (Thomas Appendix 7 + lecture notes) ax 2 + bx + c = 0. x = b ± b 2 4ac 2a. i = 1.
MTH4101 CALCULUS II REVISION NOTES 1. COMPLEX NUMBERS (Thomas Appendix 7 + lecture notes) 1.1 Introduction Types of numbers (natural, integers, rationals, reals) The need to solve quadratic equations:
More informationSpring 2015 Sample Final Exam
Math 1151 Spring 2015 Sample Final Exam Final Exam on 4/30/14 Name (Print): Time Limit on Final: 105 Minutes Go on carmen.osu.edu to see where your final exam will be. NOTE: This exam is much longer than
More informationImplicit Differentiation, Related Rates. Goals: Introduce implicit differentiation. Study problems involving related rates.
Unit #5 : Implicit Differentiation, Related Rates Goals: Introduce implicit differentiation. Study problems involving related rates. Tangent Lines to Relations - Implicit Differentiation - 1 Implicit Differentiation
More informationAP Calculus Summer Prep
AP Calculus Summer Prep Topics from Algebra and Pre-Calculus (Solutions are on the Answer Key on the Last Pages) The purpose of this packet is to give you a review of basic skills. You are asked to have
More informationFind all points where the function is discontinuous. 1) Find all vertical asymptotes of the given function. x(x - 1) 2) f(x) =
Math 90 Final Review Find all points where the function is discontinuous. ) Find all vertical asymptotes of the given function. x(x - ) 2) f(x) = x3 + 4x Provide an appropriate response. 3) If x 3 f(x)
More informationDepartment of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin-Madison Math 114 Worksheet Sections 3.1, 3.3, and 3.5
Department of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin-Madison Math 11 Worksheet Sections 3.1, 3.3, and 3.5 1. For f(x) = 5x + (a) Determine the slope and the y-intercept. f(x) = 5x + is of the form y = mx
More informationChapter 5 Integrals. 5.1 Areas and Distances
Chapter 5 Integrals 5.1 Areas and Distances We start with a problem how can we calculate the area under a given function ie, the area between the function and the x-axis? If the curve happens to be something
More informationTangent Lines Sec. 2.1, 2.7, & 2.8 (continued)
Tangent Lines Sec. 2.1, 2.7, & 2.8 (continued) Prove this Result How Can a Derivative Not Exist? Remember that the derivative at a point (or slope of a tangent line) is a LIMIT, so it doesn t exist whenever
More information23. Implicit differentiation
23. 23.1. The equation y = x 2 + 3x + 1 expresses a relationship between the quantities x and y. If a value of x is given, then a corresponding value of y is determined. For instance, if x = 1, then y
More information6x 2 8x + 5 ) = 12x 8. f (x) ) = d (12x 8) = 12
AMS/ECON 11A Class Notes 11/6/17 UCSC *) Higher order derivatives Example. If f = x 3 x + 5x + 1, then f = 6x 8x + 5 Observation: f is also a differentiable function... d f ) = d 6x 8x + 5 ) = 1x 8 dx
More information