Purification of Fructooligosaccharides Using Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography

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1 Korean Chem. Eng. Res., Vol. 43, No. 6, December, 2005, pp Simulated Moving Bed 크로마토그래피를이용한프럭토올리고당의정제 j mp * l p, *r l p}e n 253 (2005 9o 30p r, o 24p }ˆ) Purification of Fructooligosaccharides Using Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography Nan-Suk Oh, Chong-Ho Lee* and Yoon-Mo Koo Department of Biological Engineering, *ERC for Advanced Bioseparation Technology, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon , Korea (Received 30 September 2005; accepted 24 November 2005) k SMB Š p, v, Š m ( dšv, dšv)p t Š m p l o n m. SMB nr s p p rp e t l pp v k p (triangle theory)p rvž(standing wave) qpp. l pp e l m p p. Š m p nr t l p. pp q o r ˆl p l r m p l rn m. v rn dšv, dšvp p p p p v t vp Š m l l l m p v kk. Š m p p p m s l d p l. vl r } l ph sr p m l e p r eˆ p. h Abstract The SMB chromatography is used to obtain high purification of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), the mixture of kestose and nystose. SMB operation condition is usually determined by triangle theory or standing wave design when reactions do not occur within columns during experiment. Some of the reactions in columns may considerably affect experimental results. FOS can be hydrolyzed and converted into glucose and fructose during operation. To include the effect of reaction, the concentrations of each component at steady state after hydrolysis were used in simulation. The obtained simulation values are well matched with experimental results except sucrose. For sucrose, the experimental results were different from expected one due to the existence of an intermediate component. FOS is easily hydrolyzed and converted into glucose and fructose in more acidic condition and at higher temperature. Hydrolysis reaction can be prevented by the pretreatment of separation resin with NaOH as well as operation under lower temperature. Key words: Simulated Moving Bed, Fructooligosaccharides, Sucrose, Glucose, Hydrolysis 1. m p q 2~10 p, p rp r, d p pp,, r, rqqn p r p p. m p p p tep 1970 l v l, 1980 l Š m (fructooligosaccharides)p n eq m. Š m p, kž, kdž d, nl,,, ƒ p k}, p e l o p }l vpv k p. p o Aureobasidium sp[1, 2] To whom correspondence should be addressed. ymkoo@inha.ac.kr Aspergillus niger[3] pn l vm p eˆ pp lrp p. Š m p vp β(2 1)p o l p l p vp p dšv(β-d-fru((2 1) 2 -α-d-glucopyranoside, GF 2 )), dšv(β-d-fru((2 1) 3 -α-d-glucopyranoside, GF 3 )), Š e- dšv(β-d-fru((2 1) 3 -α-d-glucopyranoside, GF 4 )) pp l l p p l GF n p ˆ [4]. Fig. 1l GF n p r sep ˆ l. Š m p l op rp pep n l p e ~ r f p. Š m p ol l vm pp vp l o rr rp e ~k. Š m 715

2 716 m ps o Fig. 2. Schematic explanation of simulated moving bed. Fig. 1. Chemical structure of fructooligosaccharides. n=1: 1-kestose, n=2: nystose, n=3: fructofuranosylnystose p rp n tn. p rp rr rl j p p Š f l n p + 2+ Na Ca ~ p kpm v rn pp p p e l ~ vp p n p. Š m p p phm p m l pl [5, 6]. p ml m k n CO 2 m p l k p p v n r t p s p p., rp p p p rn r l p m l nr. m p d s l p lv. p o vp r} rp p m l rp p lrk Š m p ep tp p. SMB p 1960 UOP l p k [7, 8], p pn o p-xylenel rk kp p v~ [22]m r l[9, 10, 21] k v[11, 12], v m Œ [13, 23] k kp v l. SMBp o pp o pr e p nvpp f r p p p p l rp p [14~16]. rm p k nvp vp k p p nvl extract p rm p nvp vp r p p nvl raffinate p. p l rp l l pp p p, extract, raffinate [17, 18]. SMB 4 p lp p m p o l lp tn l p [19]. rp 4 p lp l p SMB Fig. 2l ˆ l. SMB p l rp e rl, p p p lp p. SMB e p q v p, p rp pq e p m srp SMB e p. pp pv k l e t pp o43 o k pl m l. e l SMB pn l l rp Š m p q m. p e l rp k o l l vp p p p mp s p Š m p pl vp s p er m e m p m. p q o SMB e s extractm raffinatel lp e l r ˆl vp kp l r l l l e m k., SMB e s pp eˆ o v r } l ph t l sr m l. p p r p f pp mpp p m. 2. h m p ež p e ~ r pn m, v, dšv, dšv pp 45 Brix p. m p r} rp f ppm vm kpm v e v p p r m. p p 3 v n m v Finex l p p s dˆp l p rp mp pm(so 3 )p p kpm v f + Na ~ ˆp. SMB e p l 2 j, 8 p p ( cm)p n mp Omni l p m. p p o extractm raffinate v o 4 p n lp FPLC 2 (amersham phamacia biotech), HPLC 2 (young lin instrument) pn l o p sr m. p p e p n o rp 3 v n m. v r } r p o 4ÍNaOH 3.5 ml/min(2 bed/hour)p p eˆ 3 v t p ph v kl tl., 65 Cm o 50 o C l m l m p m. s

3 l r o 12e k m p l pr o p q eˆ p p r m. p r rp p Kromasil NH 2p( mm) HPLC p pn mp p p acetonitrile/water/v/v/75/25s p acetonitrilep HPLCnp J. T. Bakerl p m. l n Shimadzu p r p LC-6AD, SIL-10AD VP q tp, RID-10A r HPLC edšp j y m o l tn vp, v, dšv, d Šv f r~p 21Í, 24Í, 36Í, 16Í p. p vp p r kk o r p p pn m. l kp 20Í, 40Í, 60Í, 80Í, 100Í 5 e mp Fig. 3l ˆ l. e p lp p (1) ep rn l p l p k r l kp mp p (2)ep pn l m [20]. Table 1l ˆ l. Š m p rr 717 Q i + 1 = Q i ( V F V 0 )( C i + 1 C i ) Va Q = ac (2) l Q r p vp k, C p l k p vp, V F ~, V 0 o~ p, V a r p, V c p p j er e p nr r e p m rp. nrp rs p o rvž p p pn m. rvž p p SMB r qpp o Ma and Wang[15]p m k m k l e l rn p. p p o nvp vp p l IVl, ˆ p l IIl p pm d nvp Table 1. Linear isotherm parameters of glucose, sucrose, kestose and nystose Glucose Sucrose Kestose Nystose a R (1) Fig. 3. Determination of isotherm by frontal test. (a) glucose, (b) sucrose, (c) kestose, (d) nystose. Korean Chem. Eng. Res., Vol. 43, No. 6, December, 2005

4 718 m ps o Fig. 4. Design for four zone SMB process : standing wave design : nystose, -.-.-: kestose, -----: sucrose,...: glucose Table 2. Operation condition of SMB Feed Extract Raffinate Eluent Recycle Switching time 0.30 ml/min 1.68 ml/min 1.20 ml/min 2.59Gml/min 5.65 ml/min 8.52 min vp p l, ˆ p l IIIl plk l. l IIm III v p rp p lv l I IV v p mmp v o p p p mt. p ov o lp o nvp tn p v r p m p v k qp vr p m l ps qpl p. p e l vr p m p qpp rn m. e l n p, v, dšv, dšvp v. Š m p raffinate o l,, v extract o l l o l1p p ˆ, l 2 dšvp ˆ, l3p vp, l4 dšvp p p qp m. p ˆ p Fig. 4l ˆ l., p p p llv nrs p Table 2l e p s p e p m. ol l mp s p p l. pp m v kp p q o e s p l r l m. l r ep (3)e, Table 3 m e p Fig. 6l ˆ l. p v e rl m ll l rn l ˆ l. Table 3. Concentration of component in feed before and after Hydrolysis Before(mg/ml)) After(mg/ml) Glucose & fructose Sucrose FOS o43 o k Fig. 5. Comparison of experimental and theoretical concentration profiles: without reaction at the end of a switch time. (a) ---- : simulation of sucrose, -----: simulation of glucose : experiment of sucrose, : experiment of glucose (b) ---- : simulation of kestose, -----: simulation of nystoseg : Gexperiment of kestose, : experiment of nystose C Feed *v Feed = C Extract *v Extract + C Raffinate *v Raffinate o el C, v o p ˆ. Fig. 5l p p, v kp p p m p p e p, vm Š m p l m p e p ll. pp v kp n l n p p Fig. 6 p rn l dšv, dšvp p m p p mp vp p p m. po v Š m l vp s vp p rp t vp l e m p v kk j m php m Š m l m p pq t php (3)

5 Š m p rr 719 Fig. 7. The ph change in column. : without NaOH 65 o C, :Gwith NaOH, 65 o C, :Gwith NaOH, 50 o C. Fig. 6. Comparison of experimental and theoretical concentration profiles: with reaction at the end of a switch time. (a) :Gsimulation of sucrose, -----: simulation of glucose : experiment of sucrose, : experiment of glucose (b) ---- : simulation of kestose, -----: simulation of nystose : experiment of kestose, : experiment of nystose [5, 6]. v r } l p php m php l r o e p m. e p 65 C m r v 40Í NaOH } o r p s l m p 12e k q eˆ 2e p e v m. p e p ph r HPLC l p pp r m. php r } r p pp Fig. 8(a), (b)l ˆ l. ph r } rp p l Š m p. p 12e r } r dšv p 5.3Í, 33Í, dšv 2.2Í, 12.4Í, v 42.1Í, 67.6Í mp p 347Í, 245Í v m. r } p f p ph t l ov pl p r eˆ pl m p m Š m p l m p npp m p [5, 6]. ol l p rp k 50 Brixp l p lv l p r v. r o 50 o C~65 Cp p m l o. m p kk o r } v pn l 50 Cm o 65 Cl m p 12e k q o eˆ 2e p e v l m. 12e 65 Cm o 50 Cp dšv p o 33Í, 88Í, dšv 12Í, 78Í m. v 65 Cl p 67Í o mv 50 Cl kp 114Í o v m. v v po Š m p p v j vp p p m l lp kp k v p., p 65 o C, 50 Cl kp o 245Í, 133Í v m. m l p p Fig. 8p (b), (c) p o m i mi Š m vp kp m p kp v mp pl p ep. vm p p l Š m p p p l v pp p p l pp r kk o e p m. e, Fig. 9m 10l p p v Š m p v kk. pp l pp pl v k l rp l pp (4~6)ep ˆ p. GF3 k 3 GF 2 +F (4) GF2 k 2 GF+F (5) Korean Chem. Eng. Res., Vol. 43, No. 6, December, 2005

6 720 m ps o Fig. 9. Hydrolysis of sucrose in columns as a function time. : glucose, : fructose, : sucrose, : total concentration Fig. 10. Changes of concentrations in columns as a function time. : glucose, : fructose Fig. 8. Hydrolysis of fructooligosaccharides in columns as a function time. :Gglucose and fructose, :Gsucrose, :Gkestose, :Gnystose (a): with NaOH, 65 o C (b): without NaOH, 65 o C (c): with NaOH, 50 o C GF k 1 G+F (6) G:, F:, GF: v, GF 2 : dšv, GF 3 : dšv o43 o k 4. Š m p on vp l l p p rr rp n tn. q Š m p rr Š p pn pp p e l l rp rp SMB rn m. v f rl n p mp ~ p kpm vm p p p n p ˆl r p r l ml nr. p s l pl v s p rm. SMBp r nrs p r o qpp p p pv kk pp pl m l. SMB n vp l rp o p pp ˆ k pp t ˆl p lv Š m p vp l rp pp n

7 q. SMB l p vp o p p p p n. p phm p m l d pl p p eˆ o vl r } ph t l ov r p m p v kp p m l s p q pp p., l ~ e p w qp pm p r np p. l q p p r l (ERC)p vo CJ(t)p s k md. y 1. Yun, J. W. and Song, S. K., The Production of High-Content Fructooligo Saccharides from Sucrose by the Mixed-Enzyme System of Fructosyltransferase and Glucose Oxidase, Biotechnol. Lett., 15(7), (1993). 2. Yun, J. W., Fructooligosaccharides-Occurrence, Preparation, and Application, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 19(2), (1996). 3. Hidaka, H., Hirayama, M. and Sumi, N. A., Fructooligosaccharide Producing Enzyme from Aspergillus Niger ATCC 20611, Agric. Biol. Chem., 52(7), (1988). 4. Lewis, D., Nomenclature and Diagrammatic Representation of Oligomeric Fructans a Paper for Discussion, New Phytol., 124(5), (1993). 5. Hogarth, A. J., Hunter, D. E., Jacobs, W. A., Garleb, K. A. and Wolf, B. W., Ion Chromatographic Determination of Three Fructooligosaccharide Oligomers in Prepared and Preserved Foods, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48(11), (2000). 6. L homme, C., Arbelot, M., Puigserver, A. and Biagini, A., Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Fructooligosaccharides in Mineral-Buffered Aqueous Solutions: Influence of ph and Temperature, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51(1), (2003). 7. Broughton, D. B., Molex Case History of a Process, Chem. Eng. Prog., 64(1), 60-72(1968). 8. Broughton, D. B., Neuzil, R. W., Pharis, J. M. and Brearley, C. S., The Parex Process for Recovering Paraxylene, Chem. Eng. Prog., 66(1), 70-82(1970). 9. Ching, C. B., Chu, K. H., Hidajat, K. and Ruthven, D. M., Experimental Study of a Simulated Counter-Current Adsorption System- VII: Effects of Non-Linear and Interacting Isotherms, Chem. Eng. Sci., 48(7), (1993). Š m p rr Pais, L. S., Loureiro, J. M. and Rodrigues, A. E., Separation of 1,1'-bi-2-Naphthol Enantiomers by Continuous Chromatography in Simulated Moving Bed, Chem. Eng. Sci., 52(2), (1997). 11. Zoltán, M., Melinda, N., Antal, A., László, H., János, A., István, P. and Tibor, S., Separation of Amino Acids with Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, 1075(1-2), 77-86(2005). 12. Xie, Y., Wu, D., Ma, Z. and Wang, N.-H. L., Extended Standng Wave Design Method for Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography: Linear Systems, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39(6), (2000). 13. Hashimoto, K., Adachi, S. and Shirai, Y., Continuous Desalting of Proteins with a Simulated Moving-bed Adsorber, Agric. Biol. Chem., 52(11), (1998). 14. Storti, G., Mazzotti, M., Morbidelli, M. and Carra, S., Robust Design of Binary Counter Current Adsorption Separation Processes, AIChE J., 39(3), (1993). 15. Ma, Z. and Wang, N.-H. L., Standing Wave Analysis of SMB Chromatography: Linear Systems, AIChE J., 43(10), (1997). 16. Gentilini, A., Migliorini, C., Mazzotti, M. and Morbidelli, M., Optimal Operation of Simulated Moving Bed Units for Non Linear Chromatographic Separations II. Bi-Langmuir Isotherm, J. Chromatogr. A., 805(1-2), 37-44(1998). 17. Mazzotti, M., Storti, G. and Morbidelli, M., Operation of Simulated Moving Bed Units for Nonlinear Chromatographic Separations, J. Chromatogr. A., 769(1), 3-24(1997). 18. Minceva, M., Pais, L. S. and Rodrigues, A. E., Cyclic Steady State of Simulated Moving Bed Processes for Enantiomers Separation, Chem. Eng. Proc., 42(2), (2003). 19. Hashimoto, K., Adachi, S., Noujima, H. and Maruyama, A., Models for Separation of Glucose-Fructose Mixture Using a Simulated Moving Bed Adsorber, J. Chem. Engng. Japan., 16(5), (1983). 20. Wankat, P. C. (Ed), Rate-Controlled Separations, Glasgow, Elservier Applied Science, London and New York(1994). 21. Kim, Y. D., Lee, J. K. and Cho, Y. S., Application of Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography for the Separation Between 2,6- and 2,7-Dimethylnaphthalene, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 18(6), (2001). 22. Han, S. K., Yeo, M. S., Park, T. J., Koo, Y. M. and Row, K. H., Chiral Separation of Bupivacaine by Simulated Moving Bed (2) Determination of Optimum Condition by Simulation, HWAHAK KONGHAK, 41(6), (2003). 23. Park, B. J., Lee, C. H. and Koo, Y. M., Development of Novel Protein Refolding Using Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 22(3), (2005). Korean Chem. Eng. Res., Vol. 43, No. 6, December, 2005

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