The 1920s & the road to the Great Depression

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1 The 1920s & the road to the Great Depression THE FIRST RED SCARE CULTURAL CIVIL WARS OF THE 1920S RACE RIOTS IN THE 1920S THE RISE OF THE SECOND KU KLUX KLAN MARCUS GARVEY & PAN AFRICANISM EVOLUTION AND THE SCOPES TRIAL SPLINTERING OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY THE ORIGINS OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION

2 The uneasy peace A FRAGILE PEACE IN EUROPE & ELSEWHERE BUT THE END OF THE WAR DID NOT END THE INSTABILITY AS THE COUNTRY FACED NEW PROBLEMS. LABOR UNREST AFTER THE WAR: A. INFLATION B. HIGH PRICES C. JOB COMPETITION

3 Labor Unrest US GOVERNMENT REMOVES CONTROLS AFTER THE WAR 1919: 4 MILLION WORKERS ON STRIKE 20% OF ALL AMERICAN WORKERS 3600 STRIKES

4 THE TRIUMPH OF THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION M P E R I A L R U S S I A I S P R I M A R I L Y A G R A G R I A N D O E S N O T F A L L W I T H I N T H E S P H E R E O F T H E I N D U S T R I A L R E V O L U T I O N ( ) I N B R I T A I N & G E R M A N S T A T E S R E P R E S S I V E A U T O C R A C Y W I T H S E C R E T P O L I C E T S A R ( E M P E R O R ) R U L E S W I T H A B S O L U T E P O W E R N O P O L I T I C A L P A R T I E S A R E P E R M I T T E D M I N O R C O N C E S S I O N S M A D E T O O P P O S I T I O N A F T E R W A R W I T H I M P E R I A L J A P A N I

5 THE TRIUMPH OF THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION IMPERIAL RUSSIA JOINS WORLD WAR ONE ON THE SIDE OF THE ENTENTE POWERS IMPERIAL RUSSIA HOWEVER DOES NOT HAVE THE CAPACITY FOR THE DEMANDS OF AN INDUSTRIAL WAR LEADERSHIP AND WAR EFFORT IS BADLY DISORGANIZED AUGUST 1914: BATTLE OF TANNENBERG; AN ENTIRE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN ARMY IS DESTROYED BY GERMAN FORCES IN EAST PRUSSIA AUGUST 1915: TSAR NICHOLAS II BECOMES SUPREME COMMANDER OF IMPERIAL RUSSIAN ARMIES

6 THE TRIUMPH OF THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION 1916: IMPERIAL RUSSIA RETREATS FROM POLAND 1917: SITUATION IS DIRE; PRICES HAVE SKY-ROCKETED, FOOD IS NON-EXISTENT, THE IMPERIAL ARMIES HAVE ALL BUT COLLAPSED FEBRUARY 1917 REVOLUTION ALEXANDER KERENSKY 1903: RUSSIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC LABOR PARTY (RSDLP) SPLITS ON THE ISSUE OF STRATEGY TO FIGHT AUTOCRACY BOLSHEVIKS OPT FOR CREATION OF PARTY OF DEDICATED REVOLUTIONARIES VERSUS PATH OF CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM VLADIMIR ILYICH ULYANOV ( LENIN ) BELIEVES THAT CONDITIONS ARE RIGHT FOR MARX S SOCIALIST REVOLUTION

7 THE TRIUMPH OF THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION P R O B L E M : M A R X H A D S A I D T H E S O C I A L I S T R E V O L U T I O N C O U L D O N L Y T A K E P L A C E I N A C O U N T R Y W I T H I N D U S T R I A L A N D M A T E R I A L P R O S P E R I T Y I M P E R I A L G E R M A N Y & N O T I M P E R I A L R U S S I A! L E N I N A R G U E S T H A T T H E R E V O L U T I O N I N R U S S I A W I L L B E M E R E L Y T H E S P A R K O R V A N G U A R D O F S O C I A L I S T R E V O L U T I O N S I N G E R M A N Y A N D O T H E R C E N T R A L E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S P O S T W O R L D W A R O N E

8 THE TRIUMPH OF THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION B O L S H E V I K S L O G A N I S P E A C E, B R E A D A N D L A N D ; W H I C H R E S O N A T E S W I T H R U S S I A N P E O P L E O C T O B E R R E V O L U T I O N O F M A R C H : T R E A T Y O F B R E S T L I T O V S K E N T E N T E P O W E R S N O W T U R N A G A I N S T N E W G O V E R N M E N T A N D S E N D T R O O P S T O I N T E R V E N E I N C I V I L W A R B E T W E E N B O L S H E V I K S A N D C O U N T E R R E V O L U T I O N A R Y F O R C E S ; C O U N T E R R E V O L U T I O N A R Y F O R C E S A R E D E F E A T E D A N D T H E B O L S H E V I K S A N D T H E I R A L L I E S A R E I N P O W E R H O W E V E R, T H E S O C I A L I S T R E V O L U T I O N I N G E R M A N Y ( ) I S D E F E A T E D A N D T H E U S S R I S N O W I S O L A T E D

9 The Red Scare MAY 1 ST, 1919: 20 BOMBS DISCOVERED IN THE MAIL OF PROMINENT AMERICANS. 15 SEPTEMBER 1920: A BOMB IS LEFT ON WALL STREET IN RETALIATION FOR THE ARREST OF NICOLA SACCO AND BARTOLOMEO VANZETTI. THE WORK OF ANARCHISTS BUT COMMUNISTS/SOCIALISTS/RADICALS, ESPECIALLY FOREIGN- BORN IMMIGRANTS ARE SUSPECTED. PALMER CREATES THE GENERAL INTELLIGENCE DIVISION (PRECEDES THE FBI) TO ATTACK SUSPECTED COMMUNISTS.

10 The Red Scare O F T H E R A I D S, P A L M E R C L A I M E D T H A T H E W A S R I D I N G T H E C O U N T R Y O F M O R A L P E R V E R T S & H Y S T E R I C A L W O M E N W H O A B O U N D I N C O M M U N I S M. N O V E M B E R J A N U A R Y P A L M E R S M E N ( H E N C E T H E T E R M P A L M E R R A I D S ) S T R I K E S A T R A D I C A L S I N 4 5 C I T I E S A R R E S T E D ; H E L D W I T H O U T F O O D, W A T E R O R B A I L F O R D A Y S A N D W I T H O U T T R I A L D E P O R T E D.

11 RACIAL VIOLENCE IN THE 1920s A F R I C A N - A M E R I C A N M I G R A T I O N T O T H E N O R T H D U R I N G W O R L D W A R O N E G E N E R A T E S H A T R E D T O W A R D S T H E M T U L S A, O K L A H O M A, T H E W A L L S T R E E T O F B L A C K A M E R I C A. R O S E W O O D, F L O R I D A S E G R E G A T I O N I N C H I C A G O D R O W N I N G O F A F R I C A N A M E R I C A N C H I L D F O R S W I M M I N G I N L A K E R E S E R V E D F O R W H I T E A M E R I C A N S W H A T W I L L B E T H E A F R I C A N - A M E R I C A N R E S P O N S E?

12 Pan-Africanism THE STRATEGY OF SEPARATISM. MARCUS GARVEY, ORIGINALLY FROM JAMAICA DEVELOPS THE MASS MOVEMENT OF PAN- AFRICANISM. REJECTS INTEGRATION, SETS HIMSELF APART FROM BOTH WASHINGTON & DUBOIS. 1917: GARVEY ORGANIZES UNIA (UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION) ESTABLISHES THE BLACK STAR LINE CONTROVERSIALLY MEETS WITH THE KU KLUX KLAN REJECTS BOTH WASHINGTON & DUBOIS

13 Prohibition 1 6 J A N U A R Y, : P R O H I B I T I O N B E C O M E S L A W. M A D E P O S S I B L E B Y W O R L D W A R I. D R I N K I N G B E C A M E A S S O C I A T E D W I T H I M M I G R A N T S. C O N S E Q U E N C E S : 5 0, L O S E E Y E S I G H T F R O M D R I N K I N G B A T H T U B G I N. M A S S I V E C O R R U P T I O N R E P E A L E D I N

14 The Rise of the Ku Klux Klan T E R R O R O R G A N I Z A T I O N T O P R E V E N T A F R I C A N - A M E R I C A N S F R O M V O T I N G. T H E B I R T H O F A N A T I O N S E N D S O U T A N A R M Y O F P U B L I C I S T S 1 6 U S S E N A T O R S W E R E M E M B E R S P R E S I D E N T W A R R E N G. H A R D I N G I N D U C T E D A T T H E W H I T E H O U S E. C O N T R O L 2 4 S T A T E L E G I S L A T U R E S : 5 M I L L I O N M E M B E R S B U T K L A N B R E A K S A P A R T A F T E R S C A N D A L S. A

15 Immigration in the 1920s T H E S A C C O & V A N Z E T T I C A S E T H E I M M I G R A T I O N A C T O F E T H N I C G R O U P S C O U L D C O M E I N T O T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S E A C H Y E A R A T A R A T E O F 2 % O F T H E I R P O P U L A T I O N L E V E L S M E A N R E S T R I C T I N G L A R G E N U M B E R S O F J E W S, C A T H O L I C S, S O U T H E R N & E A S T E R N E U R O P E A N S F R O M E M I G R A T I N G.

16 Religion & the election of 1924 T H E O R I G I N O F S P E C I E S B Y C H A R L E S D A R W I N. M O D E R N I S T S & F U N D A M E N T A L I S T S P E N T E C O S T A L I S M T H E S C O P E S T R I A L O F D E M O C R A T I C C O N V E N T I O N : C O N S E R V A T I V E S, J E W I S H & C A T H O L I C G R O U P S M E E T T O D E C I D E O N C A N D I D A T E.

17 The onset of the Great Depression THE ERA OF UNREGULATED STOCK MARKET TRADE AND BUSINESS SCHEMES CHARLES PONZI & PONZI SCHEMES THE STOCK MARKET CRASH OF OCTOBER 29 TH, 1929 UNEMPLOYMENT GOES FROM 3% TO 25% INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION DROPS BY 50% INVESTMENT IN THE ECONOMY DROPS BY 98%

18 Why did it occur? I N C R E A S E I N I N D U S T R I A L P R O D U C T I O N B U T M I D D L E - C L A S S & W O R K I N G C L A S S W A G E S F A L L O R S T A G N A T E R E D I S T R I B U T I O N O F W E A L T H : U P W A R D N O T D O W N W A R D I N V E S T M E N T S I N W I D E - R A N G I N G B U T R I S K Y V E N T U R E S J O H N M A Y N A R D K E Y N E S, T H E E C O N O M I C C O N S E Q U E N C E S O F T H E P E A C E

19 World wide Responses S O C I A L I S T ( U S S R ) : C E N T R A L L Y P L A N N E D C O M M A N D E C O N O M Y W I T H F I V E Y E A R P L A N S W E L F A R E C A P I T A L I S M ( S W E D E N, C A N A D A & T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S ) : I N C R E A S E D S P E N D I N G O N B E N E F I T S F O R C I T I Z E N S A N D I N C R E A S E I N S O C I A L S A F E T Y N E T S C R A D L E T O G R A V E P R O G R A M S I N S C A N D I N A V I A N C O U N T R I E S ; H I G H E R T A X R E G I M E S B U T G O V E R N M E N T T A K E S R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y F O R H E A L T H, E D U C A T I O N, H O U S I N G A N D O T H E R E S S E N T I A L S O F L I F E F A S C I S M / N A T I O N A L S O C I A L I S M ( F A S C I S T I T A L Y & N A T I O N A L S O C I A L I S T G E R M A N Y ) : E C O N O M Y C O N T R O L L E D B Y T H E G O V E R N M E N T I N C O N J U N C T I O N W I T H B I G B U S I N E S S E S, R I G H T W I N G P O P U L I S T S O C I A L P O L I C I E S A N D E G A L I T A R I A N B E N E F I T S E N S U R E S U P P O R T F R O M P E O P L E, O N L Y S T A T E C O N T R O L L E D L A B O R U N I O N S A L L O W E D