Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism. TP lab presentation 2009 Henrik M. Ronnow (EPFL since Jan. 2007)
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1 Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism TP lab presentation 2009 Henrik M. Ronnow (EPFL since Jan. 2007)
2 How many body physics? One of the simplest problems: CuO S= 1/2 2 H = J S i S j 1 spin: trivial 2 spins: singlet state > - > 4 spins: back-of-the-envelope calc. 16 spins: 10 seconds on computer 40 spins: World record! (A. Läuchli, EPFL) spins: Antiferromagnet (Louis Neel 1932) Fluctuating singlets (PW Anderson 1973,1987) some electrons: High-Tc superconductivity THE enigma of modern solid state physics
3 A small contribution There are fluctuating singlets in the ground state!
4 Quantum Magnetism Theoretical models Neutron scattering the of physics Novel materials Bulk methods big magnets, low temperature, high pressure
5 Physics of Interacting Systems A challenge on all length scales Maybe the Big Bang was powered by Classical Vacuum n-body problem Quantum (from Fluctuations 3 to? galaxies) (Hawkins et al.) Spin-models Neural networks = QUANTUM EFFECT?
6 Novel electronic materials Strongly correlated electrons Often magnetism plays a (leading?) role - e.g.: High-Tc superconductors Colossal magnetoresistance La 2-x Ba x CuO 4 La 2-2x Sr 1+2x Mn 2 O 7 Doped spin ½ antiferromagnets Intrinsic spin valves
7 Building models Spins Length: S =1/2 Quantum / classical Dimension: Ising, XY, Heisenberg Architecture Dimension Connectivity Interactions Cu 2+ O 2p x Cu 3d x2-y2 H = J S i S j Anti-/Ferromagnetic Extentions Randomness Charge, orbit, lattice...
8 Magnetization Susceptibility NMR, μsr etc. Specific heat Magnetic measurements CuGeO 3 H sat (d6-5cap) 2 CuCl 4 2DHAF CuGeO 3 (Hpip) 2 CuBr 4
9 Neutron Scattering intensity cross-section correlation function wave-function overlap 2 f 2 ) 0 ( ), ( f E f de d q S f S de d d I Q Experiment Theory k i k f Q m k m k f 2 2 i 2 (Crystal) momentum transfer Energy transfer
10 Mais les Neutrons, ils sont où? All ways lead to Rome Reactor or spallation sources: 6-10 in Europe ~2008 next-generation in US & Japan Bern SINQ, PSI European Spallation Source (ESS)? EPFL Last decade: x10 in flux x10 in detection Can study samples and phenomena not previously possible ILL, Grenoble Start: Villigen Via: Lausanne Ziel: Grenoble km 3:04 h
11 Quantum Magnetism - Quo vadis? Entanglement & quantum information theory New notation or new resource? Quantum phase transitions: Different quantum phases, universal behaviour etc. Controlled quantum magnets: Pump dynamically to obtain and control new semiconductor Bulk Restricted geometries Finite size quantization devices? Driver of new theories and pictorial explanations Correlated Electron Technologies?
12 The laboratory Activities: ~ 40% neutron scattering (at international facilities) ~ 60% in-house activities Sample synthesis and study of new materials Sub-kelvin measurements (susceptibility etc.) High-pressure cells (quantum phase transitions) Theory and simulations
13 some stars of LQM: Neutrons Low-T & high-p Susceptibility and Specific heat Metal-organic and hydrothemal synth Real-time Laue, 0.3K SQUID end mar Horizontal team strategy competence based
14 Halle Bernard Vittoz 9 tesla cryomagnet Dilution fridge Dip-stick, 3 He The laboratories: Susceptometry, specific heat, high-pressure Future: New magnetometer 18 tesla system 400μW fridge
15 The laboratories: The abyss (hosting the SQUID magnetometer) SQUID magnetometer Synthesis lab. Copper acetate Synthesis Crystal growth Cu(C 5 D 5 NO) 6 ( 11 BF 4 ) 2 Measurements Samples
16 TP-projects Past projects and present suggestions: 1. Synthesis of spin-dimer systems (Farley) 2. Adiabatic cooling for magnetometer (dalla Piazza) 3. Low-T susceptometer (Piatek) 4. High-pressure susceptometry of SrCu 2 (BO 3 ) 2 5. Simulation of novel neutron spectrometer 6. New iron-pnictide and dichalcogenide superconductors 7. Theoretical modeling of spin systems 8. Magnetometer design for Swiss company (non-disclosure restriction) 9. Nano-devices of correlated electron materials (collaboration with STI) 10. New materials synthesis and quantitative crystal growth Visit lqm.epfl.ch/publications for examples of past reports
17 Example: High-pressure susceptometry Recent TPIV project: Laurent Cevey Quantum phase transition at 20-25kbar! magnetometer based on commercial hall probes Measure SrCu 2 (BO 3 ) 2 Compare to neutron and ESR New cell: 30kbar
18 New materials synthesis
19 Simulation of Novel Neutron Spectrometer Continuous Angle Multiple Energy Analysis (CAMEA) Hybrid for mapping excitation spectectra: 60º continuous angle coverage (over conventional TAS) x15 5 successive analysers x 4.5 Better resolution x 3 Estimated improvement x 200! Prove improvement detectors Develop actual design Sample analysers
20 General philosophy: TP-projects Foreseeable outcome in one semester Related to real research (linked to ongoing projects) Can be extended to Dimploma/Master s project Defined together with student Any questions? If interested, schedule a discussion henrik.ronnow@epfl.ch
Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism. TP lab presentation 2009 Henrik M. Ronnow (EPFL since Jan. 2007)
Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism TP lab presentation 2009 Henrik M. Ronnow (EPFL since Jan. 2007) How many body physics? One of the simplest problems: CuO S= 1/2 2 H = J S i S j 1 spin: trivial 2 spins:
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