La Física de la Materia Desordenada

Transcription

1 La Física de la Materia Desordenada

2 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey F. S. Merkt et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (24) (a) W. H. Noon et al, Chem. Phys. Lett. 355 (22) 445

3 Dispersión de Neutrones

4 Dispersión de Neutrones

5 Dispersión de Neutrones

6 Excitaciones en líquidos simples Energy Transfer (mev) Q (Å - 1 ) Apara-H2 B 1 ( 2 A B A B) S =, I =, estado fundamental

7 F. J. Bermejo et al, Phys. Rev. B 6 (1999) F. J. Bermejo et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2) 5359 MARI@ISIS IN8@ILL I(Q,ω) (u.a.) Q =.45 Å -1 E i = 4 mev I(Q,ω) (u.a.) 8 4 Q =.7 Å -1 E i = 34.8 mev E (mev) E (mev) Ω Q (mev) 4 2 DM PICM Q (Å - 1 ) Γ Q (mev) Q (Å - 1 )

8 Transiciones entrópicas S U Q Impelida por energía

9 Transiciones entrópicas S U Q Impelida por energía F = U - T S Impelida por entropía ( Entropy driven )

10 Transición Líquido-Cristal rotacional en el Etanol C. Cabrillo et al, Phys. Rev. B 64 (21) 6426

11 Transición Líquido-Cristal rotacional en el Etanol Intensity(t,Θ) (arb.units) T = 15 K Θ ( ) C. Cabrillo et al, Phys. Rev. B 64 (21) 6426

12 Transición Líquido-Cristal rotacional en el Etanol Intensity(t,Θ) (arb.units) T = 15 K Θ ( ) I(E)(arb. units) E (mev) C. Cabrillo et al, Phys. Rev. B 64 (21) 6426

13 Transición Líquido-Cristal rotacional en el Etanol Intensity(t,Θ) (arb.units) T = 15 K Θ ( ) 6 horas 4 horas 2 horas 5 minutos I(E)(arb. units) E (mev) C. Cabrillo et al, Phys. Rev. B 64 (21) 6426

14 Transición Líquido-Cristal rotacional en el Etanol Intensity(t,Θ) (arb.units) T = 15 K Θ ( ) 6 horas 4 horas 2 horas 5 minutos I(E)(arb. units) (mev) Γ T(K) E (mev) C. Cabrillo et al, Phys. Rev. B 64 (21) 6426

15 12 3-Metilpiridina H Temperatura (C o ) % 3MP + 3% D2O N C % en peso de D 2 O 2-Metilpiridina H C N 68% 2MP + 32% D2O T L c = 92 C o T U c = C o

16 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey F. S. Merkt et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (24) (a) W. H. Noon et al, Chem. Phys. Lett. 355 (22) 445

17 Orden de largo alcance incompleto o ausente + muchos grados de libertad Desorden temporal (dinámica estocástica) + dinámica no lineal

18 Orden de largo alcance incompleto o ausente + muchos grados de libertad Desorden temporal (dinámica estocástica) + dinámica no lineal Fenómenos colectivos/cooperativos

19 Orden de largo alcance incompleto o ausente + muchos grados de libertad Desorden temporal (dinámica estocástica) + dinámica no lineal Orden/desorden a diferentes escalas y/o grados de libertad

20 $%&''&(#)*"#+,((--.-/./((123((!456( THREE LEADERS IN THEIR FIELD The ILL The EMBL The Grenoble site is home to an

21 I (Q = S , ω) I (Q = , 1 ω), ω) I (Q = , ω) Frequencies (THz) Frequencies (THz) K ω ω (THz) 8 6 Q -1 ) C Cabrillo et al 343 K 453 K 453 K τ e f f (Q) (ps) Microscopic dynamics in simple liquids C Frequencies 11 (Q) (kbar) (THz) Frequencies (THz) K Figure 7. The left-hand frames show the excitation 1.5 frequencies for both temperatures. Estimates for the square root of the reduced second frequency moment ω are given by the full curves. The chain curves represent hydrodynamic dispersion 1. hyd = c T Q and the long broken curves stand for c Q (see the text). The square roots of the reduced fourth frequency moments are shown by circles with a dot when ω l is left as a free parameter -3-2 and.5the -1 shortbroken 1curves show the estimates for this quantity if calculated using equation (15) with parameter ω values (THz) ω E = 1.55 THz and 453 R K= 4.62 for 343 K and ω E = 1.69 THz and R = 4.7. for T = 453 K. The full symbols give the ω m peak frequencies and the crosses show the ω ml maximaof the longitudinal.5 1current1.5 J L (Q, ω) 2correlations 2.5 Figure 6. A as set calculated of spectra from measured the fitted on MARI spectra. for The three upper-right representative frame wavevectors. depicts the effective Q -1 The left-hand lifetimes τ ) eff as column depicts derived spectra from for the T model = 343 fits for K and 343 K that (open on the symbols) right-hand and 453 side K (full those dots). for T The = lower-right 453 K. frame Experimental shows data the points wavevector are depicted dependence by full of symbols. the C (Q) Thick elastic full moduli. curves The show full the line fitted shows model data for K as Q C Cabrillo et al -1 ) τ e f f (Q) (ps) C 11 (Q) (kbar)

22 I (Q = S , ω) I (Q = , 1 ω), ω) I (Q = , ω) Frequencies (THz) Frequencies (THz) C Cabrillo et al 343 K ω ω (THz) 8 6 Phonon freq. (THz) 2,5 2, 1,5 1, 343 K τ e f f (Q) (ps) Microscopic dynamics in simple liquids C Frequencies 11 (Q) (kbar) (THz) K K 1,5 343 K , Q -1 ) Q ),5 1 1,5 2 Q (Å -1 ) 1.5 Frequencies (THz) Figure 7. The left-hand frames show the excitation frequencies for both temperatures. Estimates for the square root of the reduced second frequency moment ω are given by the full curves. The chain curves represent hydrodynamic dispersion 1. hyd = c T Q and the long broken curves stand for c Q (see the text). The square roots of the reduced fourth frequency moments are shown by circles with a dot when ω l is left as a free parameter -3-2 and.5the -1 shortbroken 1curves show the estimates for this quantity if calculated using equation (15) with parameter ω values (THz) ω E = 1.55 THz and 453 R K= 4.62 for 343 K and ω E = 1.69 THz and R = 4.7. for T = 453 K. The full symbols give the ω m peak frequencies and the crosses show the ω ml maximaof the longitudinal.5 1current1.5 J L (Q, ω) 2correlations 2.5 Figure 6. A as set calculated of spectra from measured the fitted on MARI spectra. for The three upper-right representative frame wavevectors. depicts the effective Q -1 The left-hand lifetimes τ ) eff as column depicts derived spectra from for the T model = 343 fits for K and 343 K that (open on the symbols) right-hand and 453 side K (full those dots). for T The = lower-right 453 K. frame Experimental shows data the points wavevector are depicted dependence by full of symbols. the C (Q) Thick elastic full moduli. curves The show full the line fitted shows model data for K as C Cabrillo et al τ e f f (Q) (ps) C 11 (Q) (kbar)