Characteristics of prompt fission γ-ray emission experimental results and predictions
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1 Characteristics of prompt fission γ-ray emission experimental results and predictions A. Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO Workshop of the Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organization IRMM Geel, Belgium November 5 8, 2013 Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
2 Prompt energy release in fission prompt neutrons (< s) fission fragments (10-21 s) prompt γ-rays (10-16 s) Prompt energy release: kinetic energy of fission fragments prompt fission neutron emission ternary α, t, d, 10 Be prompt fission γ-ray emission Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
3 Outline Historical background the 1970s Evaluation of PFGS characteristics Renaissance the 2010s New evaluation systematics Fast neutron induced fission Predictions for 238 U(n, f) Conclusions Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
4 Historical background Experiments First comprehensive studies of prompt fission γ-ray spectra (PFGS) in the 1970s on: n th U n th U n th Pu 252 Cf (spontaneous) Measured PFGS characteristics: E γ,tot = average total γ energy/fission ε γ = average γ energy/photon ν γ = average γ multiplicity Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
5 Historical background 1972: Nifenecker et al. (NPA 189 (1972) 285) E γ,tot (ν n ) = 0.75 ν n Evaluations 2001: Valentine (ANE 28 (2001) 191) E γ,tot (ν n,a,z) = ϕ(a,z) ν n (MeV) with ϕ(a,z) = 2.51(±0.01) (± ) Z 2 A 1/2 ε γ (A,Z) = -1.33(±0.05) (±2.5) Z 1/3 /A ν γ (ν n,a,z) = E γ,tot (ν n,a,z) / ε γ (A,Z) Note: A and Z dependencies are purely empirical! Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
6 Renaissance New efforts In the 2010s: new measurements and calculations motivated by NEA high priority request lists for n th U and n th Pu Investigated reactions: 235 U(n th, f), 239,241 Pu(n th, f), 252 Cf(sf) Experimental groups: LANL DANCE IRMM/Chalmers/KFKI + others Theoretical groups: CEA Cadarache (Serot, Litaize, Regnier) LANL (Talou et al.) K.-H. Schmidt and others Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
7 New results - overview Our work Experiments at IRMM and KFKI Budapest: 252 Cf(sf) 235 U(n th, f) 241 Pu(n th, f) R. Billnert et al., PRC 87 (2013) A. Oberstedt et al., PRC 87 (2013) submitted to PRC Measured: prompt fission γ-ray spectrum (PFGS) Determined: average multiplicity mean energy per photon total photon energy Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
8 Comparison of results General impression for the fissioning systems 252 Cf(sf), 235 U(n th, f) and 241 Pu(n th, f) E γ,tot and ε γ : good agreement between our results and those from the early 1970s, while the DANCE values are too high ν γ : our results agree well with the 1970 results, but the DANCE values are too low Impact of new results on evaluation according to Valentine? Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
9 New evaluation PFGS average total energy per fission Observe: ν n taken from experiments. Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
10 New evaluation PFGS average total energy per fission Observe: ν n taken from experiments. Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
11 New evaluation PFGS average total energy per fission Observe: ν n taken from experiments. Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
12 New evaluation PFGS average total energy per fission Observe: ν n taken from experiments. Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
13 New evaluation PFGS mean energy per photon Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
14 New evaluation PFGS mean energy per photon Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
15 New evaluation PFGS mean energy per photon Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
16 New evaluation PFGS mean energy per photon Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
17 New evaluation PFGS average multiplicity Observe: ν n taken from experiments. Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
18 New evaluation PFGS average multiplicity Observe: ν n taken from experiments. Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
19 New evaluation PFGS average multiplicity Observe: ν n taken from experiments. Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
20 New evaluation PFGS average multiplicity Observe: ν n taken from experiments. Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
21 Summary so far PFGS characteristics as function of A and Z of the compound system Agreement between new experimental results and Valentine s evaluation is rather good Parameters might need an adjustment Estimate (interpolations/extrapolation) of PFGS characteristics is possible for nuclei, which are not experimentally accessible However: only valid for thermal neutron induced and spontaneous fission? Attempt: fast neutron induced fission! Example below: 238 U(n, f)! Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
22 Fast neutron induced fission Why n U PFGS? Motivation Important nuclide for fast reactors one of six isotopes in the focus of the CIELO pilot project First preliminary experimental results from CEA in Bruyèresle-Châtel available at E n = 1.7 and 15.6 MeV (BGO) in preparation at E n = 1.7 and 5.2 MeV (BGO) (Laborie et al., private communication) New experiment performed recently at IPN Orsay LICORNE facility, covering energy range between E n = 0.7 and 4 MeV First preliminary results obtained Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
23 Fast neutron induced fission Multiple chance fission Example: n E n 239 U* fission + neutrons E n = 15.6 MeV (n E n ) n U* fission + neutrons E n = 8.25 MeV (n E n ) n U* fission + neutrons E n = 2.11 MeV (n E n ) n U* fission + neutrons etc. ν = ν pre +ν ff with ν pre = ν ff = pre-fission neutrons prompt neutrons from fission fragments Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
24 Fast neutron induced fission Prerequisites According to Valentine: E γ,tot depending linearly on ν n, ε γ independent ν γ approximately proportional to ν n Knowledge of ν n (E n ) important In case of multiple chance fission: (n, f) cross section has to be known (ENDF/B-VII.1) Contributions from different fission channels have to be taken into account ν n (E n ) for all fissioning systems (ENDF/B-VII.1) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
25 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Fission cross section ENDB/B-VII.1 How to extract contributions from the different fission channels? Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
26 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Fission cross section Answer: ask a theoretician to calculate it Example: n Pa fission (picture from: Vladuca et al., NPA 740 (2004) 3) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
27 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Fission cross section Answer: ask a theoretician to calculate it Example: n Pa fission (picture from: Vladuca et al., NPA 740 (2004) 3) Or: or fit the well-known 1/v behaviour! Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
28 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Fission cross section The result makes it possible to estimate the different contributions, Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
29 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Fission cross section The result makes it possible to estimate the different contributions, e.g. at E n = 15.6 MeV. Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
30 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Fission cross section Same procedure for 237 U(n, f) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
31 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Prompt fission neutron multiplicity ENDF n U Madland, NPA 772 (2006) 113 Chen & Liu, CPC 35,4 (2011) 341 Chen & Liu: prompt fission neutrons = evaporation neutrons (pre-fission) + prompt neutrons from fission fragments! Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
32 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Prompt fission neutron multiplicity ENDF n U Madland, NPA 772 (2006) 113 Chen & Liu, CPC 35,4 (2011) 341 Chen & Liu: prompt fission neutrons = evaporation neutrons (pre-fission) + prompt neutrons from fission fragments! Claim: only the latter may be related to PFGS! Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
33 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Prompt fission neutron multiplicity Energetics: E x A CN = S n A CN + E n ; E n = 3 2 T = MeV E x A CN A CN * ) E x A CN 1 = S n A CN 1 + E' n = E x A CN S n A CN E n ; E' n = 3 2 T ' = MeV E x A CN 1 A CN 1 E x A CN 2 = S n A CN 2 + E'' n = E x A CN 1 S n A CN 1 E' n ; E'' n = 3 2 T '' = 3 2 etc MeV E x A CN 2 A CN 2 * ) According to Chen & Liu: E x A CN = A CN 7.524MeV T 2 Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
34 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Prompt fission neutron multiplicity an illustration According to ENDF/B-VII.1: ν ν ν ( 238 U+n at E n = 15.6 MeV) = (interpolated) ( 237 U+n at E n = 8.25 MeV) = (interpolated) ( 236 U+n at E n = 2.11 MeV) = (interpolated) ν = ν ff 237 Recursively: 236 U+n at E n = 2.11 MeV; 100% (n,f); = U+n at E n = 8.25 MeV; 46% (n,f) + 54% (n,nf); = ν = 46% ν ff % (1+ν ff 237 ) ν ff 238 = U+n at E n = 15.6 MeV; 25.4% (n,f) % (n,nf) % (n,2nf); = = 3.97 ν = 25.4% ν ff % (1+ν ff 238 )+ 32.5% (2 +ν ff 237 ) ν ν pre ν ff Hence, with = 4.58 follows that ν ff 239 = 1.07 (from compound system(s)) and = 3.51 (from fission fragments) Note that only the latter multiplicity may be related to prompt fission γ-ray emission! Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
35 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Prompt fission neutron multiplicity prompt fission neutrons from ENDF/B-VII.1 pre-fission neutrons subtracted prompt neutrons from fragments for PFGS characteristics Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
36 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Calculating energy dependence from PFGS systematics as function of A and Z (E γ,tot 4)/ν n ε γ for n U ν γ /ν n Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
37 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Calculating energy dependence from PFGS systematics as function of A and Z (E γ,tot 4)/ν n ε γ for n U ν γ /ν n Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
38 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Calculating energy dependence from PFGS systematics as function of A and Z (E γ,tot 4)/ν n ε γ for n U ν γ /ν n using ν n (E n ) = ν ff (E n ) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
39 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Calculating energy dependence from PFGS systematics as function of A and Z (E γ,tot 4)/ν n ε γ for n U ν γ /ν n using ν n (E n ) = ν ff (E n ) assuming: only energy dependence = ν ff (E n ) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
40 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Calculating energy dependence from PFGS systematics as function of A and Z (E γ,tot 4)/ν n ε γ for n U ν γ /ν n using ν n (E n ) = ν ff (E n ) assuming: only energy dependence = ν ff (E n ) calculatinge γ,tot (E n ) ν γ (E n ) ε γ (E n ) = E γ,tot (E n )/ν γ (E n ) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
41 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Calculating energy dependence from PFGS systematics as function of A and Z (E γ,tot 4)/ν n ε γ for n U ν γ /ν n using ν n (E n ) = ν ff (E n ) assuming: only energy dependence = ν ff (E n ) calculatinge γ,tot (E n ) ν γ (E n ) ε γ (E n ) = E γ,tot (E n )/ν γ (E n ) comparison with model calculations comparison with preliminary experimental results Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
42 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Average total energy per fission Litaize et al.: FIFRELIN code (ND 2013, to appear in NDS) Tudora: Point-by-Point model Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
43 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Average γ-ray multiplicity Litaize et al.: FIFRELIN code (ND 2013, to appear in NDS) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
44 238 U(n, f) PFGS characteristics Mean energy per photon Litaize et al.: FIFRELIN code (calculated by E γ,tot / ν γ ) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
45 Conclusions Systematics of PFGS characteristics as function of A and Z of the compound system makes sense for at least thermal neutron induced and spontaneous fission Original parameters from Valentine s description might need an adjustment Empirical A and Z dependence must be verified More experimental data needed Predictions for fast neutron induced fission of n U presented Good agreement of our predictions with both calculations and preliminary experimental results! Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
46 The collaborators R. Billnert, A. Oberstedt, S. Oberstedt with invaluable support of T. Belgya, R. Borcea, T. Bryś, C. Chaves, Th. Gamboni, W. Geerts, A. Göök, C. Guerrero, F.-J. Hambsch, Z. Kis, T. Martinez, L. Szentmiklosi, K. Takács, M. Vidali and others Parts of this work were supported by both the ERINDA programme (agreement number ) and the EFNUDAT programme (agreement number 31027) of the European Commission Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
47 Thank you! Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
48 Historical background Results + evaluation Observe: ν n taken from experiments. Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
49 Historical background Results + evaluation Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
50 Historical background Results + evaluation Observe: ν n taken from experiments. Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
51 New results - overview 252 Cf(sf) PFGS characteristics *) *) Chyzh (2013) Dance 8.16 *) R. Billnert et al., PRC 87 (2013) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
52 Results 252 Cf(sf) PFGS R. Billnert et al., PRC 87 (2013) PRC 7 (1973) PRC 85 (2012) Below 1 MeV: good agreement with data from Verbinski (1973), but not with those from Chyzh (2012) and ENDF. Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
53 New results - overview 252 Cf(sf) PFGS average multiplicity Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
54 New results - overview 252 Cf(sf) PFGS mean energy per photon Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
55 New results - overview 252 Cf(sf) PFGS total energy per fission Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
56 New results - overview 235 U(n th, f) PFGS characteristics Chyzh (2013) Dance A. Oberstedt et al., PRC 87 (2013) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
57 New results - overview 235 U(n th, f) PFGS average multiplicity Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
58 New results - overview 235 U(n th, f) PFGS mean energy per photon Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
59 New results - overview 235 U(n th, f) PFGS total energy per fission Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
60 New results - overview 241 Pu(n th, f) PFGS characteristics 241 Pu. manuscript, to be published Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
61 New results - overview 241 Pu(n th, f) PFGS average multiplicity Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
62 New results - overview 241 Pu(n th, f) PFGS mean energy per photon Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
63 New results - overview 241 Pu(n th, f) PFGS total energy per fission Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
64 New results 252 Cf(sf) PFGS multiplicity distribution Model: negative binomial distribution (Valentine) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
65 New results 235 U(n th, f) PFGS multiplicity distribution Model: negative binomial distribution (Valentine) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
66 Results 241 Pu(n th, f) PFGS multiplicity distribution Model: negative binomial distribution (Valentine) Andreas Oberstedt NEMEA-7/CIELO workshop, Geel (Belgium), November 5-8,
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