Correlations in Prompt Neutrons and Gamma Rays from Fission
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1 Correlations in Prompt Neutrons and Gamma Rays from Fission S. A. Pozzi 1, B. Wieger 1, M. J. Marcath 1, S. Ward 1, J. L. Dolan 1, T. H. Shin 1, S. D. Clarke 1, M. Flaska 1, E. W. Larsen 1, A. Enqvist 2, R. Vogt 3,4, J. Randrup 5, R. C. Haight 6, P. Talou 6, T. Kawano 6, I. Stetcu 6, E. Padovani 7 1 Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 2 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 3 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA 4 University of California, Davis, CA, USA 5 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA 6 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA 7 Department of Energy, Polytechnic of Milan, Milan, Italy
2 2 Motivation Nuclear nonproliferation and safeguards applications require improved models for physics of nuclear fission and detector response. Specifically, the correlated neutron and gamma ray emission properties of important nuclear isotopes such as 235 U and 239 Pu are not well known. These data are important in nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation. A past DOE NEUP project has led to a successful measurement campaigns at LANSCE for the measurement of the 235 U fission neutron spectrum (without information on angular distribution or multiplicity). The present work builds on that experience and includes correlated information.
3 3 Nuclear Fission Center of Mass Frame Lab Frame Direction of motion Neutrons emitted in the direction of motion of the fission fragment (FF) have the FF momentum added to their energy
4 4 Probability Nuclear Fission Modeling The multiple variables associated with nuclear fission are sampled independently by most Monte Carlo codes Theoretical research is underway at LANL and LLNL to develop models between fission-particle correlations Active collaboration is underway to verify these models with our own code MCNPX-PoliMi Pu-240 Cf Neutrons Emitted
5 Counts per Fission 5 (n-n) coincidences (arb. units) Spontaneous Fission Measurements 252 Cf Measurements at UM 26 Compared to theory results from LLNL/LBNL using FREYA (symbols) (Vogt and Randrup) a E th >.5 MeV E th > 1 MeV E th > 1.5 MeV a x Time (ns) Angle Angle nn (degrees)
6 Spontaneous Fission Measurements Pu Metal Samples at JRC, Ispra Italy A prototype fast-neutron multiplicity counter was tested at JRC, Ispra in g of 240 Pu eff was measured with 1-cm of lead shielding and a 70 kevee threshold Increasing the detection threshold increases the observed anisotropy 6
7 7 Induced-Fission Measurements LANSCE Facility at LANL WNR - fast neutron source Ultracold neutron source Lujan center moderated neutron source
8 8 Arb. Units Induced Fission Experiments 235 U Fission Chamber A double-tof experiment was performed using a LLNL-designed 235 U fission chamber The total measurement was 1.5 weeks of on the WNR-15L beamline A total of fissions were observed x Measurement 2013 Measurement Cf Angle (degrees)
9 9 Neutron-Gamma-ray Correlations Scintillator Array at UM Inorganic scintillators have been incorporated to improve gammaray efficiency and spectroscopy This improved array provides a range of correlated measurables Number of detected neutrons and number detected photons Photon PHD as a function of the number of detected neutrons Neutron PHD as a function of the number of detected photons Neutron spectrum from TOF as a function of the number of detected photons
10 Neutron-Gamma-ray Correlations Approximately 15 TB have been acquired to date Analysis of these data is underway to extract the relevant correlations 10
11 Summary and Conclusions Advanced verification system could rely on detailed correlated emissions from fission Accurate models are necessary to In order to effectively design such systems Measurements of correlated, prompt emissions from 252 Cf, 240 Pu, and 235 U have been performed Neutron-neutron, neutron-gamma-ray correlations Experimental results used to validate codes: MCNPX-PoliMi treatments are more physical than the standard MCNPX treatment New fission models have been implements in MCNPX-PoliMi Anisotropic neutron emission from fission Multiplicity-dependent neutron energy spectra 11
12 Correlations in Prompt Neutrons and Gamma Rays from Fission S. A. Pozzi 1, B. Wieger 1, M. J. Marcath 1, S. Ward 1, J. L. Dolan 1, T. H. Shin 1, S. D. Clarke 1, M. Flaska 1, E. W. Larsen 1, A. Enqvist 2, R. Vogt 3,4, J. Randrup 5, R. C. Haight 6, P. Talou 6, T. Kawano 6, I. Stetcu 6, E. Padovani 7 1 Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 2 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 3 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA 4 University of California, Davis, CA, USA 5 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA 6 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA 7 Department of Energy, Polytechnic of Milan, Milan, Italy
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