Research in NDA Techniques for Waste Characterization at the JRC
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1 1 Research in NDA Techniques for Waste Characterization at the JRC Bent Pedersen Nuclear Security Unit Institute for Transuranium Elements Joint Research Centre presented at Annual meeting of LABONET Network December 2013 IAEA Headquarters, Vienna
2 2 Nuclear Security Unit of the Institute of Transuranium Elements (ITU) Outline: Traditional research in characterization of alpha active nuclear waste Active neutron interrogation Passive neutron counting New research in Support to Decommissioning, 2014 onwards. (mainly collaborative projects and E&T ) Decommissioning Summer School MetroDecom others 18 April 2013
3 Pulsed Neutron Interrogation Test Assembly - PUNITA 3 Objective: Research in NDA methods and instrumentation for applications in nuclear safeguards and security Nuclear Safeguards: Mass determination of small quantities of fissile material in matrix materials Method: Differential Die-Away technique with neutron correlation analysis Applications: e.g. nuclear waste assay Nuclear Security: Detection of special nuclear material (SNM) in shielded containers. Method: detection of fission signatures Application: e.g. air cargo containers (ULDs)
4 Pulsed Neutron Interrogation Test Assembly - PUNITA 4 thick graphite linear on all six side 96 fission neutron counters: He-3 in PE 32 monitors for neutron generator output fast neutron pulse thermal neutrons 10 ms 10 ms time 14-MeV neutron generator (MF Physics Model A-211) sealed, D-T mixed beam pulsing: 100 s -1
5 Mass determination by thermal neutron induced fission 5 Detection of prompt fission neutrons - Differential Die-Away technique (DDA) CBNM U 3 O 8 standards 235 U mass range: g Meas. time: 10 min 14-MeV rate: 10 7 /s Pulse rate: 100 Hz Detectors: 3-He Counts per channel background CBNM 0.31% 235 U CBNM 0.71% 235 U CBNM 1.94% 235 U CBNM 2.95% 235 U CBNM 4.46% 235 U Thermal n in cavity Time after (D-T) trigger /ms
6 Mass determination by thermal neutron induced fission 6 Detection of prompt fission neutrons - Differential Die-Away technique (DDA) CBNM U 3 O 8 standards Integral range: µs 1.0x10 6 CBNM low enriched U sources 2nd order poly fit 8.0x U mass range: g Meas. time: 10 min 14-MeV rate: 10 7 /s Pulse rate: 100 Hz Detectors: 3-He Net integral counts 6.0x x x Mass 235 U /g
7 Mass determination by thermal neutron induced fission 7 Detection of prompt fission neutrons - Differential Die-Away technique (DDA) PuGa standards Integral range: µs 2.6x x10 5 PuGa source, 93% 239 Pu linear fit 239 Pu mass range: mg Meas. time: 10 min 14-MeV rate: 10 7 /s Pulse rate: 100 Hz Detectors: 3-He Net integral counts 2.2x x x x x x Mass 239 Pu /mg
8 Mass determination by thermal neutron induced fission 8 Detection of prompt fission neutrons - Differential Die-Away technique (DDA) Problems: Thermal neutron flux depression in sample Attenuation of thermal neutron flux in matrix materials Our research: DDA technique combined with neutron correlation technique: Single events: i { } = = + f m (i) m (i) A B e Λ τ 1 (1) (1) 1 1 f m (i),m (i) = A + B e Λ τ Double (pair) events: { } i 2 (1) (2) 2 2 A B = Φ(T )G ε σ ν τϖ ( λ, Λ, τ) µ µ 0 I f I,( µ ) µ MI
9 Detection of SNM by thermal and epi-thermal neutron interrogation 9 Neutron coincidences as signature for SNM Prompt emission in single fission event: - up to 5-6 neutrons - up to 15 γ-rays PUNITA setup for: γ - n coincidence experiment New experimental config: - 8x EJ-309 liquid scint. detectors - identify fast n (>400KeV) by PSD Advantages: - due to short TOF the coincidence gate can be very short. - no source neutrons in n-psd peak Problems: - low efficiency to fast neutrons - cross-talk in detectors Goal: - scale up to useful size e.g. ULD scintillation detectors n generator U sample
10 Passive neutron counting for alpha active waste 10 JRC Drum Monitor, design features Operated by Euratom Safeguards - passive neutron counting of 220-litre condition/un-conditioned waste - Pu verification campaigns in European facilities - JSR-14 + INCC analysis Characteristics: - max. 1,000 kg drums - CE certified (March/April 2013) - fission neutron efficiency 32% - die-away time 54 microseconds He detectors, 4 bar - 4π detector geometry, - substantial neutron shield, 240 mm HDPE
11 Passive neutron counting for alpha active waste 11 JRC Drum Monitor design
12 Passive neutron counting for alpha active waste 12 JRC Drum Monitor design
13 Passive neutron counting for alpha active waste 13 JRC Drum Monitor design
14 Passive neutron counting for alpha active waste 14 JRC Drum Monitor design
15 Passive neutron counting for alpha active waste 15 JRC Drum Monitor design
16 Passive neutron counting for alpha active waste 16 JRC Drum Monitor design
17 Passive neutron counting for alpha active waste 17 JRC Drum Monitor, measurement characteristics: Multiplicity counting (singles, doubles, triples): Mass assay, typical examples - Low-density matrix: 49 mg PuO 2, 11.3 mg 240 Pu, 3-hour measurement INCC: mass diff. 3.5% ± 1.05% Multiplication ± Alpha 0.48 ± Concrete matrix (450 kg): 565 mg PuO 2, 131 mg 240 Pu, 3-hour measurement INCC: mass diff. 12.5% ± 5.05% Efficiency 0.18 ± 0.07 Alpha 0.66 ± 0.12
18 Passive neutron counting for alpha active waste 18 JRC Drum Monitor, next step: Work programme, near future: - complete mechanical upgrade - done - complete study of cosmic ray induced background (presentation at INMM, July 2013) - done - training course for Euratom inspectors - Euratom verification campaign in nuclear facility Research programme: - Analogue electronics low-noise amps, digital adjustments - List mode analyzer (MCFA): 32 input lines, channel diagnostics - Active neutron shield for external n-sources
19 Support to decommissioning 19 New JRC research programme in H2020: Support to Decommissioning Timeline: - high level meeting, 11 Sept definition of projects, Dec 12 May 13 - project approval in HQ, summer project launch, January 2014 Four work areas: - innovative technologies - standardization - training and education - information dissemination
20 Support to decommissioning 20 International Summer School for young professionals and students: Operational Issues in Radioactive Waste Management and Nuclear Decommissioning The 5-day school focuses on the following six topics: Radiological characterization and facility release; regulatory issues Hands-on visits to JRC waste management facilities and research laboratories Radiation protection Operational decommissioning experience in Europe Waste management Interactions with public and stakeholders
21 Support to decommissioning
22 Support to decommissioning 22 Summer School on D&WM: participants Number of attendees: 2009: limited to 30 participants 2010: limited to 30 participants 2011: limited to 100 participants, 100 registrations received 2012: limited to 100 participants, 87 registrations received 2013: limited to 100 participants, 71 registrations received
23 Support to decommissioning 23 Summer School on D&WM: companies/institutions attending Number of companies/institutions attending the School: 2009: 12 different companies/institutions 2010: 16 different companies/institutions 2011: 51 different companies/institutions 2012: 34 different companies/institutions 2013: 25 different companies/institutions
24 Support to decommissioning 24 Summer School on D&WM: lecturing companies/institutions Number of companies/institutions giving lectures during the School: 2009: 14 different companies/institutions presenting 2010: 13 different companies/institutions presenting 2011: 16 different companies/institutions presenting 2012: 19 different companies/institutions presenting 2013: 19 different companies/institutions presenting
25 25 Thank you! Bent Pedersen Joint Research Centre Institute for Transuranium Elements Nuclear Security Unit Ispra (VA), Italy
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