EGU General Assembly Vienna
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1 Intercomparison of eight state of the art eddy covariance methane gas analysers O. Peltola 1, A. Hensen 2, C. Helfter 3, L. Belelli Marchesini 4, I. Mammarella 1, S. Haapanala 1, J. Holst 5, J. Elbers 6, F. Bosweld 7, W.C.M. van den Bulk 2, T. Röckmann 8, A. Lindroth 5, T. Laurila 9, A. Vermeulen 2 & E. Nemitz 3 1 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 2 ECN, Petten, The Netherlands, 3 CEH, Edinburgh, UK, 4 VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5 Lund university, Lund, Sweden, 6 Alterra, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 7 KNMI, De Bilt, The Netherlands, 8 IMAU, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 9 FMI, Helsinki, Finland EGU General Assembly Vienna
2 Motivation Many new flux analysers are available on the market Intercomparison is needed in order to know if they agree and how they compare with each other Some intercomparison studies already exist Tuzson et al. (21) in AMT Peltola et al. (212) in BGD, in review for BG Amount of publications
3 Where and when? The intercomparison campaign was organized within InGOS FP7 infrastructure project Where: Cabauw, The Netherlands When:
4 Site & instruments 6 m ~3 m
5 Site & instruments Anemometer: METEK USA-1 Gas analysers: LI-75 (LI-COR) H 2 O,CO 2 LI-77 (LI-COR) G2311-f (Picarro),CO 2,H 2 O FGGA (Los Gatos), CO 2, H 2 O DLT-1 (Los Gatos)
6 Site & instruments Anemometer: METEK USA-1 Gas analysers: LI-7 (LI-COR) H 2 O,CO 2 FMA (Los Gatos) G131-f (Picarro),CO 2 FMA (Los Gatos), H 2 O pulsed QCL (Aerodyne), N 2 O Olli Peltola/ flux campaign Anemometer: METEK USA-1 Gas analysers: LI-75 (LI-COR) H 2 O,CO 2 LI-77 (LI-COR) G2311-f (Picarro),CO 2,H 2 O FGGA (Los Gatos), CO 2, H 2 O DLT-1 (Los Gatos)
7 Site & instruments Los Gatos Research Anemometer: METEK USA-1 Gas analysers: LI-7 (LI-COR) H 2 O,CO 2 FMA (Los Gatos) G131-f (Picarro),CO 2 FMA (Los Gatos), H 2 O pulsed QCL (Aerodyne), N 2 O Olli Peltola/ flux campaign gas analysers: Picarro LI-COR Aerodyne Anemometer: METEK USA-1 Gas analysers: DLT-1 LI-75 (LI-COR) FMA H 2 O,CO 2 FGGA LI-77 (LI-COR) G131-f G2311-f (Picarro) G2311-f,CO 2,H 2 O FGGA (Los Gatos) LI-77, CO 2, H 2 O DLT-1 (Los Gatos) pulsed QCL
8 Data coverage Mean flux (nmol m -2 s -1 ) QCL (ECN) Mean flux (mg m -2 h -1 ) G131-f (IMAU) FMA (IMAU) FMA (CEH) LI-77 (WUR&LUND) G2311-f (UHEL) FGGA (FMI) DLT-1 (VU) Kroon et al. (21): At Oukoop -flux ~15 2 nmol m -2 s -1 8/6 1/6 12/6 14/6 16/6 18/6 2/6 22/6 24/6 26/6 Time (dd/mm)
9 Data coverage Mean flux (nmol m -2 s -1 ) QCL (ECN) G131-f (IMAU) FMA (IMAU) FMA (CEH) LI-77 (WUR&LUND) G2311-f (UHEL) FGGA (FMI) Mean flux (mg m -2 h -1 ) DLT-1 (VU) 8/6 1/6 12/6 14/6 16/6 18/6 2/6 22/6 24/6 26/6 Time (dd/mm)
10 Detection limit crosscovariance of w and G2311-f (m/s*ppm) 4 x flux = 22.4 nmol m -2 s -1 detection limit = 4.1 nmol m -2 s time shift (s) flux Detection limit calculated according to Wienhold et al. (1994)
11 Detection limit QCL (ECN) G131-f (IMAU) FMA (IMAU) FMA (CEH) LI-77 (WUR&LUND) G2311-f (UHEL) FGGA (FMI) DLT-1 (VU) QCL (ECN) G131-f (IMAU) FMA (IMAU) FMA (CEH) LI-77 (WUR&LUND) G2311-f (UHEL) FGGA (FMI) DLT-1 (VU) crosscovariance of w and G2311-f (m/s*ppm) 4 x flux = 22.4 nmol m -2 s -1 detection limit = 4.1 nmol m -2 s -1 Detection limit detl (nmol m -2 s -1 ) time shift (s) flux Instrumental noise inst (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Detection limit: Wienhold et al. (1994) Instrumental noise: Billesbach (211)
12 1:1-plots Methane fluxes calculated with CEH METEK: -flux, Los Gatos FMA, CEH (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 4.439, r = Fit: y =.963x Median -flux, Picarro G131-f, IMAU (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 138, RMSE: 7.294, r = Fit: y = 1.119x Median -flux, Aerodyne QCL, ECN (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 7.377, r = Fit: y = 1.59x Median -flux, Los Gatos FMA, IMAU (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 7.843, r = Fit: y = 1.63x Median Methane fluxes calculated with UHEL METEK: -flux, Los Gatos FGGA, FMI (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 3.85, r = Fit: y =.994x Median -flux, Los Gatos DLT-1, VU (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 5.619, r = Fit: y = 1.95x Median -flux, Picarro G2311-f, UHEL (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 4.496, r = Fit: y = 1.45x Median -flux, LI-COR LI-77, WUR & LUND (nmol m -2 s Number of points: 218, RMSE: , r = Fit: y = 1.14x Median
13 1:1-plots Methane fluxes calculated with CEH METEK: -flux, Los Gatos FMA, CEH (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 4.439, r = Fit: y =.963x Median -flux, Picarro G131-f, IMAU (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 138, RMSE: 7.294, r = Fit: y = 1.119x Median -flux, Aerodyne QCL, ECN (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 7.377, r = Fit: y = 1.59x Median -flux, Los Gatos FMA, IMAU (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 7.843, r = Fit: y = 1.63x Median Methane fluxes calculated with UHEL METEK: -flux, Los Gatos FGGA, FMI (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 3.85, r = Fit: y =.994x Median -flux, Los Gatos DLT-1, VU (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 5.619, r = Fit: y = 1.95x Median -flux, Picarro G2311-f, UHEL (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 4.496, r = Fit: y = 1.45x Median -flux, LI-COR LI-77, WUR & LUND (nmol m -2 s Number of points: 218, RMSE: , r = Fit: y = 1.14x Median
14 1:1-plots Methane fluxes calculated with CEH METEK: -flux, Los Gatos FMA, CEH (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 4.439, r = Fit: y =.963x Median -flux, Picarro G131-f, IMAU (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 138, RMSE: 7.294, r = Fit: y = 1.119x Median -flux, Aerodyne QCL, ECN (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 7.377, r = Fit: y = 1.59x Median -flux, Los Gatos FMA, IMAU (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 7.843, r = Fit: y = 1.63x Median Methane fluxes calculated with UHEL METEK: -flux, Los Gatos FGGA, FMI (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 3.85, r = Fit: y =.994x Median -flux, Los Gatos DLT-1, VU (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 5.619, r = Fit: y = 1.95x Median -flux, Picarro G2311-f, UHEL (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Number of points: 218, RMSE: 4.496, r = Fit: y = 1.45x Median -flux, LI-COR LI-77, WUR & LUND (nmol m -2 s Number of points: 218, RMSE: , r = Fit: y = 1.14x Median
15 Cumulative sum Cumulative emission (mg m -2 ) DLT-1 (VU) FGGA (FMI) G2311-f (UHEL) LI-77 (WUR&LUND) FMA (CEH) FMA (IMAU) QCL (ECN) 14/6 16/6 18/6 2/6 22/6 24/6 26/6 Time (dd/mm)
16 Cumulative sum Cumulative emission (mg m -2 ) DLT-1 (VU) 21 FGGA (FMI) 2 G2311-f (UHEL) 2 5 FMA (CEH) 19 FMA (IMAU) 21 QCL (ECN) 2 LI-77 (WUR&LUND) 19 DLT-1 (VU) FGGA (FMI) G2311-f (UHEL) LI-77 (WUR&LUND) FMA (CEH) FMA (IMAU) CumulativeQCL CH(ECN) 4 emission (mg m -2 ) 14/6 16/6 18/6 2/6 22/6 24/6 26/6 Time (dd/mm)
17 Conclusions G2311-f and FGGA functioned most reliably during the campaign fluxes from the tested instruments were similar Detection limit and instrumental noise were the highest for QCL, FMA and LI-77 Cumulative sums of fluxes were practically the same G2311-f, FGGA and G131-f can measure also H 2 O (also FMA after upgrading) =>cross-interference to is straightforward to correct
18 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/27-213) in the InGOS project under grant agreement n Olli Peltola Division of Atmospheric Sciences Department of Physics University of Helsinki olli.peltola@helsinki.fi Tel:
19 References Billesbach, D. P., 211: Estimating uncertainties in individual eddy covariance flux measurements: A comparison of methods and a proposed new method. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151(3), Kroon, P. S., A. P. Schrier-Uijl, A. Hensen, E. M. Veenendaal and H. J. J. Jonker, 21: Annual balances of CH4 and N2O from a managed fen meadow using eddy covariance flux measurements. European Journal of Soil Science, 61, Peltola, O., Mammarella, I., Haapanala, S., Burba, G., and Vesala, T., 212: Field intercomparison of four methane gas analysers suitable for eddy covariance flux measurements, Biogeosciences Discuss., 9, Tuzson, B., R. V. Hiller, K. Zeyer, W. Eugster, A. Neftel, C. Ammann and L. Emmenegger, 21: Field intercomparison of two optical analyzers for CH4 eddy covariance flux measurements. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 3(6), Wienhold, F. G., H. Frahm and G. W. Harris, 1994: Measurements of N2O fluxes from fertilized grassland using a fast response tunable diode laser spectrometer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99(D8),
20 LI-77 logging problem LI-77 was not saved with high enough resolution Small variation in LI-77 measurements was lost => this intercomparison does not tell much about the real performance of LI
21 Data processing Data was processed with EddyUH ( Used methods: Linear detrending 2d-coordinate rotation Spectral corrections TF LF theoretical, TF HF experimental WPL (open: Webb et al., 198; closed: Ibrom et al., 27) Spectroscopic corrections (open: McDermitt et al., 21; closed (LGR): Tuzson et al., 21)
22 Instrumental noise (Billesbach, 211)
23 H2O corrections (H2O) ambient Root of the problem: (H2O) ambient (H2O) LI-7 (H2O) FMA Therefore (H2O) LI-7 or (H2O) ambient cannot be used as such in correcting FMA Method now in use (Ibrom et al., 27) LI-7 (H2O) LI-7 FMA (H2O) FMA =
24 H2O corrections, FGGA (FMI) Difference to fully corrected G2311-f flux (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Before H 2 O corrections After H 2 O corrections Fit: y=ax, a=-3.863e-2 95 % Confidence interval (-3.383e e-2) Fit: y=ax, a=-6.81e-3 95 % Confidence interval (-8.841e e-3) Latent heat flux (W m -2 )
25 LGR FGGA (FMI) LI-COR LI-77 (WUR&LUND) LGR FMA (CEH) LGR DLT-1 (VU) LGR FMA (IMAU) H2O corrections Difference to fully corrected G2311-f flux (nmol m -2 s -1 ) Picarro G131-f (IMAU) Aerodyne pulsed QCL (ECN) -4 Red cells: Difference to zero is statistically significant Slope Before H 2 O corrections -6.8e-3 After H 2 O corrections, FGGA (FMI) Fit: y=ax, a=-3.863e-2 95 % Confidence interval (-3.383e e-2) -2.9e-2 Fit: y=ax, a=-6.81e-3 95 % Confidence interval (-8.841e e-3) -1.3e-2 7.9e-3 4.9e-3-2.1e-2-3.9e Latent heat flux (W m -2 )
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