PREDICTION OF NUCLEATE POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

Transcription

1 THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol 14, No 2, pp PREDICTION OF NUCLEATE POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT by Alangar SATHYABHAMA * and Ramakrisna N HEGDE Faulty, Department of Meanial Engineering, M S Ramaia Institute of Tenology, Bangalore, India Orig i nal si en tifi pa per UDC: : :53624 DOI: 12298/TSCI S Te or ret pre di tion of te eat trans fer per for mane of te boil ing liq uid witin te evap o ra tor of a re frig er a tion unit is one of te es sen tial fea tures for te su ess - ful op er a tion of te wole unit Tere are many or re la tions avail able in te lit er a - ture for te pre di tion of boil ing eat trans fer o ef fi ient of pure om po nents Eigt eat trans fer pool-boil ing or re la tions tat are well known in te lit er a ture ave been se leted and teir pre di tion a u ray as been as sessed against ex per i men - tal data of am mo nia avail able in te lit er a ture Te anal y sis on ludes tat witin te in ves ti gated ranges of boil ing on di tions, te Kruzilin, Kutateladze, Labuntsov, Mostinski nu le ate pool-boil ing or re la tions are te most a u rate among tose as sessed Key words: nuleate pool boiling, eat transfer oeffiients, predition, orrelation, ammonia Introdution Wit in reased reg u la tion be ing plaed upon te use of loro fluoro arbon (CFC), ydrolorofluoroarbon (HCFC), and ydrofluoroarbon (HFC) based re frig er ants, and te pend ing pase out of CFC and HCFC altogeter, alternative refrigerants for use in existing refrigeration pakages and systems are atively being investigated Tese alternative refrigerants must ave termodynami arateristis similar to tose of CFC, HCFC, and HFC and be safe for u - mans and te en vi ron ment Am mo nia is one su al ter na tive re frig er ant for new and ex ist ing re - frig er at ing and air-on di tion ing sys tems Am mo nia as a low nor mal boil ing point ( 33 C), an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 00 wen re leased to at mo spere, and a ig la tent eat of va - por iza tion (9 times greater tan R-12) In ad di tion, am mo nia in te at mo spere does not di retly ontribute to global warming Tese arateristis result in a igly energy-effiient refrigerant wit minimal environmental problems In te past few de ades, ex ten sive stud ies ave been made on te boil ing eat trans fer per for mane of new al ter na tive pure and mixed re frig er ants [1, 2] All tese ef forts were made to know eat trans fer ar a ter is tis of te new CFC al ter na tives Many gen er al ized or re la - * Corresponding autor; satyabamaa@otmailom

2 354 THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol 14, No 2, pp tions for pre dit ing te o ef fi ients ave been pro posed, wi an be ap pli a ble to var i ous re - frig er ants Te ob je tive of tis pa per is to iden tify te or re la tion tat pre dits te nu le ate boil ing eat trans fer o ef fi ient of am mo nia wit rea son able a u ray A re view of te ex ist ing nu le ate boil ing or re la tions for pure flu ids is ar ried out Heat trans fer o ef fi ients pre dited us ing tese or re la tions are om pared wit ex per i men tal data avail able in open lit er a ture Pool boil ing eat trans fer Pool boil ing is a on di tion were boil ing o urs from a eated sur fae sub merged in a large vol ume of stag nant liq uid Nu le ate boil ing re gion is ar a ter ized by te for ma tion of va - por at pre ferred sites ( nu le ation sites) on a eat ing sur fae tat is sub merged in te liq uid and main tained at a tem per a ture above te sat u ra tion tem per a ture of te liq uid Nuleate pool boiling orrelations for pure fluids Tere are a num ber of em pir i al or re la tions to es ti mate te eat flux dur ing sat u rated nu le ate pool boil ing of sin gle om po nent liq uids Tese are in ef fet ex ten sions of te sin gle pase fored and free on ve tion or re la tions to pool boil ing In ad di tion, a num ber of mod els are also avail able Tese in lude me a nis ti mod els, anal ogy mod els, and y dro dy nami mod - els Te dif fer enes be tween tese mod els lie mainly in te di ver gent opin ions on ow te eat en ergy is trans ferred from te sur fae to te fluid and te mode of eat trans fer tat is dom i nant Tese mod els make use of ob ser va tions like fre queny of bub ble de par ture, te num ber of nu - le ation sites, on tat an gle be tween sur fae and te liq uid, sur fae roug ness fa tor, et Te a u ray of te da ta base re lated to te pa ram e ters ul ti mately de ides te su ess of te mod el - ing anal y ses in or re lat ing te ex per i men tal data It an be seen tat te mod els are se le tively su ess ful for er tain ranges of pres sure and sys tem pa ram e ters For pre dit ing nu le ate pool boil ing urves, tree dif fer ent types of met ods ave emerged: pys i al prop erty, re dued pres - sure and fluid spe ifi Dif fer ent or re la tions of tese tree types are on sid ered for om par i son in te pres ent anal y sis Kruzlin orrelation In 1947 Kruzilin [3] pro posed te fol low ing or re la tion were no spe ial ef forts ave been made to a ount for te sur fae prop erty: 7 d q T nb fg r v 0082 k gts k rl r v were d is te pool boil ing ar a ter is ti di men sion: Rosenow orrelation d s ( r r ) g L v s r s pl L L 2 r 2 fg v d 33 Pr 45 (1) In 1952 Rosenow [4] re og nized te in flu ene of liq uid solid om bi na tion on boil ing eat trans fer and de vel oped more gen eral or re la tion: (2)

3 THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol 14, No 2, pp pl D T q s L Csf fg Lfg g L m ( r r v ) n Pr m1 (3) Heat transfer oeffiient is obtained from te definition of eat transfer oeffiient nb = = (q/dt) Te val ues of ex po nents are m = 7 and n = 33 for all flu ids ex ept wa ter for wi Rosenow reommended setting m = Te val ues of sur fae-fluid fa tor (C sf ) for var i ous sur - fae-fluid ombinations are proposed by Rosenow wit ±20% a u ray for te above or re la - tion Tis pa ram e ter ap par ently takes into a ount te on tat an gle, te sur fae mirorougness, and teir interation in determining te nuleation site density Kutateladze orrelation Kutateladze [5] sim pli fied Kruzilin s or re la tion at te ost of its a u ray and de vel - oped an ex pres sion for Nusselt num ber in ase of boil ing: 7 d nb qp L r Pr k gfg rg ml rl r v He pro posed an oter more a u rate or re la tion: 35 (4) Labuntsov orrelation nb P 2 k fg v r (5) d plq slg r L 2 r v Labuntsov [6] de rived te or re la tion tat does not re quire an in put of la tent eat of va - por iza tion: 67 v 33 r k 2 nb L 7 v Ts r r ns( ) q (6) Pioro orrelation Pioro [7] mod i fied Rosenow or re la tion nbd C k 3 sf q rv fg [ slg( rl r v )] Pr m (7) Foster-Zuber orrelation Foster, et al [8] used bub ble ra dius and te bub ble growt ve lo ity and ob tained te fol low ing or re la tion:

4 356 THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol 14, No 2, pp k r pl L q s m r L fg v DT DP sat (8) Mostinski orrelation Mostinski [9] ne gleted te sur fae ef fets and ap plied te prin i ple of or re spond ing states to nu le ate pool boil ing eat trans fer data, and or re lated data as a fun tion of te re dued pres sure of te fluid and its rit i al pres sure: q 0 7 P 0 69 F (9) nb PF were P is te rit i al pres sure of te fluid, F PF a non-di men sional pres sure or re tion fa tor tat ar a ter izes pres sure ef fets on nu le ate boil ing as: sures F 18 p p p10 (10) PF r r r Tis or re la tion gives rea son able re sults for wide range of flu ids and re dued pres - Nisikawa- Fujita orrelation Nisikawa, et al [10] ave mea sured eat trans fer in nu le ate pool boil ing of te re - frig er ants R21, R113, and R114 at or i zon tal flat plate eat ers of dif fer ent roug ness As sum ing ter mo dy nami sim i lar ity tey pro pose a om mon eat trans fer or re la tion for tese re frig er - ants An es sen tial fea ture of eq (11) is tat it is sup posed to be om mon for dif fer ent kinds of flu ids All te ex per i men tal data pre sented by te au tors and by oter au tors were or re lated well by tis or re la tion witin ±30% a u ray: were R p = 125 mm nb 314 P M T Stepan-Abdelsalam orrelation ( 8R ) P 2 1 P p P P 23 P P Stepan et al [11] pro posed four spe ifi or re la tions ap ply ing a sta tis ti al mul ti ple re gres sion te nique to wa ter, re frig er ants, organis, and ryo gens Tese or re la tions used te pys i al prop er ties of te fluid eval u ated at te sat u ra tion tem per a ture and ene are said to be pys i al prop erty based or re la tions Tey pro posed fol low ing or re la tion for re frig er ants wose mean de vi a tion was 16% in te re dued pres sure range of : nbd qd 207 k kt b s r v r were d b is te bub ble de par ture term and given by Fritz type of equation: L Pr 5 9 q 8 (11) 33 (12)

5 THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol 14, No 2, pp d b 2s ( r r ) g L v Te on tat an gle b is as signed a fixed value of 35º for re frig er ants and 45º for wa ter Cooper orrelation Coo per [12] pro posed a or re la tion, wi earned te rep u ta tion for its a u ray in pre dit ing nu le ate pool boil ing eat trans fer o ef fi ient In is or re la tion, te eat trans fer o - ef fi ient was pre sented as a fun tion of te eat flux, re dued pres sure, mo le u lar weigt of te liq uid, and te sur fae roug ness For boil ing on or i zon tal plane sur faes: 55( p ) ( 4343 ln p ) M q (13) ln R p nb r r (14) An in rease in sur fae roug ness as te ef fet of in reas ing te nu le ate boil ing eat trans fer o ef fi ient Sur fae roug ness may be af feted by foul ing, or ro sion, and ox i da tion of te sur fae Wen sur fae roug ness is un known, it is set to 10 mm Te au tor re om mends mul ti ply ing te above eat trans fer o ef fi ient by a fa tor of 17 for or i zon tal op per yl in ders; ow ever, te or re la tion seems to be more a u rate for boil ing of re frig er ants on op per tubes wit out tis or re tion Coo per or re la tion ov ers re dued pres sure from about 001 to 9 and mo le u lar weigts from 2 to 20 Sim pli ity of Coo per s or re la tion is of spe ial sig nif i ane in ases were te pys i al prop er ties of te boil ing liq uid are poorly de fined Gorenflo orrelation Gorenflo [13] pro posed a fluid spe ifi re dued pres sure or re la tion and in luded te ef - fet of sur fae roug ness His metod uses a ref er ene eat trans fer o ef fi ient 0, speified for ea fluid at te fol low ing ref er ene on di tions of p r0 = 1, R p0 = 4 mm, and q 0 = 2000 W/m 2 Te nu le ate boil ing eat trans fer o ef fi ient at oter on di tions of pres sure, roug ness and eat flux is ten al u lated rel a tive to te ref er ene eat trans fer o ef fi ient us ing te fol low ing ex pres - sion: nf 133 q R p nb 0 FPF q (15) R 0 p0 Pres sure or re tion fa tor F PF is: 1 FPF 12 p0 27 r 25 pr 1 p (16) r Te ef fet of re dued pres sure on te ex po nent nf for te eat flux term is given by: nf = 9 3 p0 3 r (17) Te sur fae roug ness R p is set to 4 mm wen un known Te or re tion fa tors are valid for all flu ids ex ept wa ter and e lium; for wa ter te or re spond ing or re tion fa tors are: and F PF p0 27 r 61 p2 r 1 p (18) r nf p 0 r 15 (19)

6 358 THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol 14, No 2, pp Jung orrelation Tis metod is ap pli a ble over te re dued pres sure ranges from 0005 to 95 Jung et al [14] de vel oped a new or re la tion (eq 20) based upon te mea sured data of eigt pure re frig er ants fol low ing bot Coo per s and Stepan-Abdelsalam s ap proaes Some dimensionless groups af fet ing nu le ate boil ing eat trans fer were iden ti fied and tey were or - re lated by a re gres sion anal y sis to yield a new or re la tion valid for all alogenated refrigerants Teir or re la tion takes into a ount tat te ex po nent to te eat flux term var ies sig nif i antly among flu ids and also is a strong fun tion of re dued pres sure: were nb 1 q k A d 10 pr ( 1 Tr ) d kts p0 437 r J a 25 r v (21) rl All te prop er ties needed in te or re la tion de vel op ment were al u lated by REPPROP pro gram Mean de vi a tion of te or re la tion was less tan 7% for all te re frig er ants tested Leiner orrelation Leiner [15] mod i fied te gen eral equa tion for nu le ate boil ing eat trans fer valid for var i ous flu ids by tak ing into a ount fluid spe ifi pa ram e ters (eq 22)Te pys i al quan ti ties are nondimensionalized in te new type of equa tion by fluid-spe ifi sal ing units be ing rit i al data or power prod uts of rit i al data of te fluid Te equa tion and te fluid spe ifi ref er ene val ues o of te eat trans fer o ef fi ient pre sented by Gorenflo for nearly 50 flu ids are te em - pir i al ba sis, to wi te new equa tion is fit ted Te or re la tion is sup posed to al low for es ti - mat ing nu le ate boil ing eat trans fer o ef fi ients in poorly known flu ids Fluid prop er ties at te a tual boil ing on di tion or spe ifi ref er ene val ues of te eat trans fer o ef fi ient are not re - quired to ap ply te new type of or re la tion Tis gen eral eat trans fer or re la tion for nu le ate boil ing rep re sents te ref er ene val ues o of Gorenflo wit a mean de vi a tion of about 14% de - pend ing on te num ber of fluid spe ifi pa ram e ters taken into a ount for (20) wit were nb 0 q T n q q T 0 00 n0 1n0 q n L R L R 00 p0 00 p0 2/ 15 2/ 15 q q 00 0 nf n0 nf F pf q q R L p / 15 (22) A 4368C 2113K 0521Z 9166 (23) C pl (24) R K = 537(1 + w) (25)

7 THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol 14, No 2, pp w log ( p* T ) (26) Z p (27) r RT Fluid-spe ifi sal ing units used in eqs (22)-(27) are given in tab 1 Ta ble 1 Fluid-spe ifi sal ing units de fined by T and P Pys i al quan tity SI-unit Fluid-spe ifi unit Tem per a ture dif fer ene, DT K T 00 = T Heai flux, q Wm 2 q P RT 00 Heat trans fer o ef fi ient, Wm 2 K 1 P RT 00 Size of roug ness or any lengt L m kt L00 3 P R R k mol, R mol wit n0 75 N mol M mol As sess ment of pool-boil ing or re la tions To aieve te ob je tive of tis pa per it was de ided to se let eigt well-known nu le - ate pool-boil ing or re la tions and om pare teir pre di tion a u ray against te re li able ex per i - men tal da ta bases Tree ex per i men tal pa pers re port ing data on nu le ate pool boil ing were o - sen to serve as ba sis for om par i son of te se leted eat trans fer or re la tions Inoue et al [16], mea sured te pool boil ing eat trans fer o ef fi ients of am mo nia/wa ter mix ture and its pure om - po nents on a or i zon tal plat i num wire (di am e ter of 3 mm, 37 mm lengt) at pres sure of 4 and 7 MPa Te wire was eated us ing a di ret ele tri ur rent Arima et al [17], ob tained data us - ing an ex per i men tal de vie were te eat ing sur fae was a or i zon tal flat ir u lar sur fae of sil - ver wit a di am e ter of 10 mm Te flat sur fae was pol ised wit No 800 em ery pa per and ad a mean sur fae roug ness of 1 mm Wit tis sur fae te au tors ob tained te boil ing urve for am mo nia/wa ter mix ture and its pure om po nents at a pres sure level from 1 to 15 bar Zeng et al [18] on duted a spray evap o ra tion ex per i ment us ing om mer ial noz zles dis trib ut ing liq uid am mo nia on a or i zon tal, plain stain less steel tube wit ¾-in di am e ter Te av er age lo al spray flow rate was var ied from 0138 to 0777 kg/sm, te sat u ra tion tem per a ture was var ied from 233 C to 10 C, and te eat flux was tested from 8 to 60 kw/m 2 Te termopysial prop er - ties of am mo nia are taken from ASHRAE Fun da men tals 2005 [19] Predition auray of nuleate pool-boiling orrelations For te pur pose of tis anal y sis, eigt nu le ate pool boil ing or re la tions ave been se - leted, wi were de vel oped by Kruzilin, Kutateladze (old), Labuntsov, Mostinski, Nisikawa-Fujita, Stepan-Abdelsalam, Coo per, and Gorenflo Tese or re la tions are of ten re -

8 360 THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol 14, No 2, pp ferred to in te boil ing lit er a ture and fre quently used in te ter mal de sign Te las si Rosenow or re la tion and oter or re la tions tat use on stants de pend ing on te in ter a tion be - tween te fluid and te sur fae ave not been se leted be ause te sur fae-fluid fa tor (C sf ) is an un known on stant for am mo nia Te pre di tion a u ray of te or re la tions was as sessed and om pared Te re sults of tis om par i son are pre sented in tab 2 Te pre di tion er rors were eval u ated us ing te fol low ing def i ni tions: HTC pred HTC Error HTC Mean error RMS error n i1 n i1 exp Error n Error n exp i 2 i (28) (29) (30) Ta ble 2 A u ray of or re la tions Au tors Ex per i men tal on di tion Cor re la tion Inoue et al Arima et al Zeng et al P = 7 MPa q = 72 to 1000 kw/m 2 No of data points = 11 P = 7 MPa q =72 to 2800 kw/m 2 No of data points = 20 P = 4 MPa q = 8 to 60 kw/m 2 No of data points = 7 Kruzilin Kutateladze (old) Labuntsov Mostinski Nisikawa-Fujita Stepan-Abdelsalam Cooper Gorenflo Kruzilin Kutateladze (old) Labuntsov Mostinski Nisikawa-Fujita Stepan-Abdelsalam Cooper Gorenflo Kruzilin Kutateladze (old) Labuntsov Mostinski Nisikawa-Fujita Stepan-Abdelsalam Cooper Gorenflo Mean er ror [%] RMS er ror [%] Fig ure 1 sows pre di tion er rors be tween te ex per i men tal data and te or re spond ing re sults pre dited by te se leted or re la tions Te ex per i men tal data re fer to tose of Inoue et al

9 THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol 14, No 2, pp Fig ure 1 A u ray of or re la tions [16] at 7 MPa It is learly seen tat te pre di tion er rors are te low est for Kutateladze (old) and Kruzilin or re la tions witin te in ves ti gated range of eat flux In gen eral, pre di tion er ror in reases wit de reas ing eat flux for all te or re la tions Te max i mum pre di tion er ror an be seen as ig as +320% for Gorenflo or re la tion (eq 15) Te rea son for tis large de vi a tion is te ab so lute value of eat trans fer o ef fi ient 0 = 7000 W/m 2 for am mo nia given by Gorenflo de rived us ing ex per i men tal data wit op per tubes at eat flux q 0 = kw/m 2 Ammonia is ex tremely or ro sive against op per and op per al loys Tere fore te eat ing el e ments for ex per - i ments wit am mo nia mostly on sist of mild steel or stain less steel and o ob tained wit op per tubes an not be used to om pare tese ex per i men tal re sults Also te ex per i men tal eat flux range in ref [16] does not in lude te eat flux for o (q 0 = kw/m 2 ) Fig ure 2 sows te om par i son be tween te ex per i men tal data of Zeng et al and Inoue et al at 4 MPa and tose pre dited by te eigt se leted or re la - tions It is seen from te fig ure tat Lubuntsov or re la tion fits te ex per i men tal data of Inoue et al very well Mostinski or re - la tion pre dits sim i lar re sults Te large de vi a tions ob served be tween te ex per i men tal data for am mo nia and te pre di tions of Coo per or re la tions are re - dued if a lower sur fae roug - ness is on sid ered Te Coo per or re la tion on sid er ing a sur fae roug ness of R p = 7 mm gives sim i lar re sults to te Kruzilin or re la tion Stepan-Abdelsalam or re la tion un der pre dits te data of Inoue et al Te rea - son for tis large de vi a tion migt be tat te da ta base upon wi Figure 2 Comparison between te experimental data of Inoue et al, Zeng et al, and pool boiling orrelations at 4 MPa

10 362 THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol 14, No 2, pp Figure 3 Comparison between te experimental data of Inoue et al, Zeng et al, and Arima et al, and pool boiling orrelations at 7 te or re la tion was de vel oped was not on sis tent In fat, Stepan and Abdelsalam used pool boil ing data ob tained from var i ous ge om e tries in lud ing a tube, yl in der, and wire in teir or re la tion de vel op ment Data of Zeng et al are pre dited fairly by Stepan and Abdelsalam or re la tions Fig ure 3 om pares ex per i - men tal data of Zeng et al, and Inoue et al, and Arima et al at 7 MPa wit tose pre dited us ing te se leted or re la tions It an be seen tat te ex per i - men tal eat trans fer o ef fi - ients mea sured by Inoue et al are iger tan tose of Arima et al Tis vari a tion may be due to te vari a tion in eat ing sur - fae ma te rial and ge om e try Kruzilin and Kutateladze or re la tions still fit te ex per i men tal data of Inoue et al very well Labuntsov and Mostinski or re la tions fit te data of Arima et al over all range of eat flux Gorenflo and Coo per or re la tions still over-pre dit te data and Stepan-Abdelsalam or re la - tion un der-pre dits te data Stepan-Abdelsalam or re la tion gives better ap prox i ma tion of data ob tained by Zeng et al Ex per i men tal data of Arima et al at 10 and 15 MPa are given in figs 4 and 5, re spe - tively As an be ob served Labuntsov and Mostinski or re la tions fit te data very well at 10 MPa Gorenflo and Coo per or re la tions still over-pre dit te data and Stepan-Abdelsalam or - Fig ure 4 Com par i son be tween te ex per i men tal data of Arima et al and pool boil ing or re la tion at 10 MPa

11 THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol 14, No 2, pp Fig ure 5 Com par i son be tween te ex per i men tal data of Arima et al and pool boil ing or re la tion at 15 MPa re la tion un der-pre dits te data At 15 MPa Stepan-Abdelsalam or re la tion pre dits te data wit rea son able a u ray at low eat flux and at ig eat flux Labuntsov and Mostinski or re - la tions fit te data very well Con lu sions Tree dif fer ent types of nu le ate pool boil ing or re la tions are as sessed ere: pys i al prop erty, re dued pres sure, and fluid spe ifi Many au tors found tat te best gen eral pys i - al-prop erty-based metod is tat of Stepan and Abdelsalam for refrigerants However, tis anal y sis on ludes tat Kruzilin, Kutateladze, and Labuntsov, wi use on stant val ues for te o ef fi ients and pow ers are te best for am mo nia Te Coo per or re la tion, wit a lower sur - fae roug ness ef fet is te best of te re dued pres sure type or re la tions Te fluid spe ifi Gorenflo or re la tion over-pre dits te data for am mo nia One rea son for te wide vari a tion is tat nu le ate boil ing is very sen si tive to te pre ise on di tion of te sur fae on wi boil ing o - urs Te vari abil ity ex ib ited by te al u lated val ues a tu ally re flets te vari abil ity ob served among te sets of ex per i men tal data upon wi te var i ous or re la tions are based Nomenlature C sf oeffiient in eq (3) p speifi eat apaity, [Jkg 1 K 1 ] d pool boiling arateristi dimension, [s/g(r L r v )] 1/2, [m] d b bubble departure diameter, [m] F PF pressure funtion g gravitational aeleration, [ms 2 ] fg latent eat of vaporization, [Jkg 1 ] nb nuleate boiling eat transfer oeffiient, [Wm 2 K 1 ] k termal ondutivity, [Wm 1 K 1 ] M moleular weigt, [kgkmol 1 ] nf exponent in Gorenflo orrelation P pressure, [kpa] P ritial pressure, [kpa] Pr Prandtl number,(= m p /k) p r redued pressure, [ ] q eat flux [Wm 2 K 1 ] R speifi gas onstant, [Jkg 1 K 1 ] R p rougness, [mm] T temperature, [K] DT temperature differene, [K] Greek let ters a termal diffusivity, [m 2 s 1 ] b ontat angle, [deg]

12 364 THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol 14, No 2, pp n kinemati visosity, [m 2 s 1 ] r density, [kgm 3 ] s surfae tension, [Nm 1 ] m visosity, [Pa s] w aentri fator Subsripts ritial id ideal L liquid sat saturation v vapour 0 referene value 00 fluid speifi saling unit Ref er enes [1] Tome, J R, Boil ing of New Re frig er ants: a State-of-Art Re view Int J Refrig, 19 (1996), 7, pp [2] Gorenflo, D, State of te Art in Pool Boil ing Heat Trans fer of New Re frig er ants, International Journal of Re frig er a tion, 24 (2001), 1, pp 6-14 [3] Kruzilin, G N, Free Con ve tion Trans fer of Heat from a Hor i zon tal Plate and Boil ing Liq uid (in Rus - sian), Dokl AN SSSR (Rep USSR Aad emy of Si) 58 (1947), 8, pp [4] Rosenow, W M, A Metod of Cor re lat ing Heat Trans fer Data for Sur fae Boil ing of Liq uids, Trans ASME, 74 (1952), pp [5] Kutateladze, S S, Borisansky, V M, A Con ise En y lo pe dia of Heat Trans fer, Pergamon Press, New York, NY, USA, 1966, Cap ter 12 [6] Labuntsov, D A, Heat Trans fer Prob lems wit Nu le ate Boil ing of Liq uids, Termal Engg, 19 (1972), 9, [7] Pioro, I L, Ex per i men tal Eval u a tion of Constants for te Rosenow Pool Boiling Correlation, Int J Heat Mass Trans fer, 42 (1999), 11, pp [8] Fos ter, H K, Zuber, N, Dy nam is of Va por Bub bles and Boil ing Heat Trans fer, AICE J, 1 (1955), p 531 [9] Mostinski, I L, Ap pli a tion of te Rule of Cor re spond ing States for Cal u la tion of Heat Trans fer and Crit i al Heat Flux, Teploenergetika, 4 (1963), p 66 [10] Nisikawa, K, et al, Ef fet of te Sur fae Roug ness on te Nu le ate Boil ing Heat Trans fer over te Wide Range of Pres sure, Pro eed ing, 7 t In ter na tional Heat Trans fer Con fer ene, Vol, 4, 1982, pp [11] Stepan, K, Abdelsalam, M, Heat-Transfer Correlations for Natural Convetion Boiling, Int J Heat Mass Trans fer, 23 (1980), 1,pp [12] Coo per, M G, Sat u ra tion Nu le ate Pool Boiling a Simple Correlation, ICemE Symposium Series, 86 (1984), pp [13] Gorenflo, D, VDI-Heat At las, VDI-Verlag, Duesseldorf, Germany,1997 [14] Jung, D, et al, Nu le ate Boil ing Heat Trans fer Co ef fi ients of Pure Halogenated Re frig er ants, Int J Refrig, 26 (2003), 2, pp [15] Leiner, W, Heat trans fer by Nu le ate Pool Boil ing-gen eral Cor re la tion Based on Ter mo dy nami Sim i - lar ity, Int J Heat Mass Trans fer, 37 (1994), 5, pp [16] Inoue, T, Monde, M, Teruya, Y, Pool Boil ing Heat Trans fer in Bi nary Mix tures of Am mo nia and Wa ter, Int J Heat Mass Trans fer, 45 (2002), 22, pp [17] Arima, H, Monde, M, Mitsutake, Y, Heat Trans fer in Pool Boil ing of Am mo nia Wa ter Mix ture, Int J Heat Mass Trans fer, 39 (2003), 7, pp [18] Zeng, X, Cyu, M-C, Ayub, Z H, Evap o ra tion Heat Trans fer Per for mane of Noz zle-sprayed Am mo - nia on a Hor i zon tal Tube, ASHRAE Transations, Vol 101, 1995, Part 1, pp [19] ***, Termopysial Prop er ties of Refrigerants in: ASHRAE Fun da men tals, 2005, pp Paper submitted: February 4, 2009 Paper revised: Mar 3, 2009 Paper aepted: Mar 25, 2009