Massimo Venaruzzo for the ALICE Collaboration INFN and University of Trieste
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1 Massimo Venaruzzo for the ALICE Collaboration INFN and University of Trieste 16 th International Conference in Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD 2012) Montpellier (2-6 July 2012)
2 Outline Resonances in pp collisions: motivations Experimental setup and resonance reconstruction Invariant mass spectra for f, K*, S*, X*, L* in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV will be discussed together with the methods for raw yields extraction Comparison of p T -spectra with QCD-based models (PYTHIA and PHOJET) Comparison of p T -spectra at different pp collision energies ( s = 900 GeV and s = 7 TeV) Particle ratios (f/p, f/k, (Ω+Ω)/f) will be shown 2
3 Motivations The study of resonance production in pp contributes to a proper tuning of the QCD-inspired particle production models and as a baseline for Pb-Pb studies Previous results from STAR at 0.2 TeV B.I. Abelev et al., PRC 78, (2008) B.I Abelev et al., PRL 97, (2006) 3
4 Resonances at the LHC with ALICE ALICE is the LHC experiment mainly devoted to the study of hot and high energy density nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions ALICE has also developed a detailed proton-proton physics programme, aimed at: setting the baseline for the heavy-ion data investigating the novel energy regime made available by LHC (decay of resonances large fraction of the final-state particles early step in understanding pp collisions at the LHC, i.e. opportunity to test QCD in a new energy domain) The study of resonances in pp contributes to: a proper tuning of the QCD-inspired particle production models (PYTHIA, PHOJET, etc ) a better understanding of the underlying event understanding hadronic production processes 4
5 Resonances at LHC with ALICE Analysis of f, K*, S*, X*, L* in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV (using ~ M events from 2010) pp@900 GeV pp@900 GeV, pp@2.36 TeV, pp@7 TeV, Pb-Pb@2.76 ATeV pp@2.76 TeV, pp@7 TeV, Pb-Pb@2.76 ATeV pp@8 TeV, p-pb@4 TeV ATeV f(1020) K + + K - K*(892) 0 p ± + K L(1520) p + K - S(1385) ± L + p ± X(1530) 0 X - + p + (1232) ++(--) N + p ρ(770) π + π - ± 5
6 Resonances reconstruction K* K + S *+ p + p p - p - Short lifetimes (few fm/c)!! Decay products not distinguishable from primary particles! (unlike L, X, W) -> no topological reconstruction is possible Invariant mass analysis for signal extraction Combinatorial background + correlated background from misidentified resonances!! 6
7 The ALICE Experiment Global tracking using ITS and TPC Particle ID with TPC and TOF 0.9 K. Aamodt et al. (ALICE Collaboration) J. Instrum. 3 (2008) S08002 K. Aamodt et al. (ALICE Collaboration) J. Instrum. 5 (2010) P
8 Tracking and PID Tracking Tracking via Kalman filter algorithm Requirement of at least 70/159 TPC clusters Requirement of one cluster in the innermost ITS detector (SPD) to reduce the background DCA to the primary vertex used to discriminate daughter tracks and background TPC de/dx resolution ~6.5% Difference between measured energy loss and the one expected with the mass hypothesis Particle Identification: TPC p and K up to p ~ 0.7 GeV/c proton/anti-proton and p/k up to p ~ 1 GeV/c TOF K and p up to p ~ 2 GeV/c proton/anti-proton and p/k up to p ~ 2.5 GeV/c Time resolution ~100 ps Difference between measured time of flight and the one expected with the mass hypothesis 8
9 Signal Extraction φ and S* y 0.5 Combinatorial background (estimated via EventMixing) subtracted Fit: polynomial + Voigtian pt bin (GeV/c) PDG Mass (MeV/c2) PDG Γ Fit Mass Fit Γ (MeV/c2) (MeV/c2) (MeV/c2) Fit Sigma (MeV/c2) GeV/c ± 0.05 Fixed at 4.26 y 0.8 Combinatorial background (estimated via EventMixing) subtracted Fit: 3rd degree polynomial + Breit-Wigner pt bin (GeV/c) PDG Mass (MeV/c2) PDG Γ (MeV/c2) Fit Mass (MeV/c2) Fit Γ (MeV/c2) Integral ± ± ± 0.08 Alternative methods: like-sign and polynomial background implemented! Alternative method: side bands implemented! 9
10 Signal Extraction X * and K * y 0.8 y 0.5 Combinatorial background (estimated via Event mixing) subtracted Fit: 3 rd degree polynomial + Breit-Wigner p T bin (GeV/c) Integral PDG Mass (MeV/c 2 ) PDG Γ (MeV/c 2 ) 9.1 Fit Mass (MeV/c 2 ) ~ 1533 Fit Γ (MeV/c 2 ) Fixed to PDG Fit σ (MeV/c 2 ) 2.5 Alternative methods: like sign and polynomial background implemented! Combinatorial background (estimated by like-sign) subtracted Fit: Breit-Wigner + polynomial for the residual background p T bin (GeV/c) PDG Mass (MeV/c 2 ) PDG Γ (MeV/c 2 ) 48.7 Fit Mass (MeV/c 2 ) ± 0.5 Fit Γ (MeV/c 2 ) 54.0 ±
11 Signal Extraction Λ * y 0.8 Combinatorial background (estimated via Event- Mixing) subtracted Fit: polynomial residual background + Breit-Wigner p T bin (GeV/c) PDG Mass (MeV/c 2 ) PDG Γ (MeV/c 2 ) 15.6 Fit Mass (MeV/c 2 ) ± 0.4 Fit Γ (MeV/c 2 ) 18 ± 1 11
12 Comparison with models: φ Raw counts from the invariant mass spectra for all measured p T bins are corrected for the efficiency p T 2 GeV/c: good agreement with PHOJET p T 2 GeV/c: good agreement with PYTHIA D6T Yellow band: data systematics 12
13 Comparison with models: S * p T 2 GeV/c: good agreement with ATLAS-CSC PYTHIA tunes describe better the (1020) than S(1385) resonance 13
14 For GeV see K. Aamodt et al., Eur. Phys. J. C. (2011) 71 φ spectrum and <p T > Yields (dn/dy at midrapidity) scale with the multiplicity of the collision Spectra are fitted with a Levy-Tsallis function T (MeV) n C 2 /NDF 900 GeV 164 ± ± /1 7 TeV 278 ± ± /23 ISR parameterization fails to describe the data A rise in the mean p T with collision energy is observed! 14
15 Ratio resonance/stable particle: φ The f/p ratio increases with energy both in heavy-ion and in pp collisions. This trend seems to change at the energy of LHC in pp collisions The f/k ratio does not seem to increase with energy 15
16 (W+anti-W)/ ratio at 7 TeV HIJING (K=2 GeV/fm) rescale factor W W W W 7TeV 5.5TeV 1.1 Pythia Perugia 2011 is a factor below data. It underpredicts multistrange baryon yields. Predictions of HIJING/BB with a Strong Color Field modeled by an increased string tension are in agreement with the data. 16
17 Conclusions Results for f, K*, S*, X*, L* in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV (~150/200 M events collected in 2010 by ALICE) have been shown. The raw signals for all the resonances have been extracted in several pt-bins and good agreement observed for the masses and the widths wrt the PDG values. pt-spectra have been compared to QCD-based models (PYTHIA and PHOJET) indicating some disagreements in the description of the data. pt-spectra at s = 900 GeV and s = 7 TeV have been shown for the f, indicating a rise in the mean pt with collision energy, and at s = 7 TeV for S*. The f/p ratio increases with energy both in heavy-ion and in pp collisions. This trend seems to change at the energy of LHC in pp collisions with a possible saturation. The f/k ratio does not seem to increase with energy. The(Ω+Ω)/f shows a saturation for pt > ~ 2.5 GeV/c. Energy dependence of resonance production: study will be performed soon. 17
18 BackUp Slides 18
19 Signal Extraction φ and S * Alternative method : polynomial background y 0.5 Alternative method : polynomial background y 0.8 Fit: polynomial background + Voigtian p T bin (GeV/c) PDG Mass (MeV/c 2 ) PDG Γ (MeV/c 2 ) 4.26 Fit Mass (MeV/c 2 ) ± 0.10 Fit Γ (MeV/c 2 ) 4.52 Fit σ (MeV/c 2 ) Fixed to 1.2 Fit: polynomial (Taylor + Laurent) background + Gaussian p T bin (GeV/c) PDG Mass(MeV/c 2 ) (Σ* + ) (Σ* - ) PDG Γ (MeV/c 2 ) 35.8 (Σ* + ) 39.4 (Σ* - ) Fit Mass (MeV/c 2 ) 1383 ± 1 Fit Γ (MeV/c 2 ) 33 ± 3 19
20 Signal Extraction X * Alternative method : like-sign y 0.8 Alternative method : polynomial background y 0.8 Combinatorial background (estimated via Like- Sign) subtracted Fit: 3 rd degree polynomial + Breit-Wigner p T bin (GeV/c) Integral PDG Mass (MeV/c 2 ) PDG Γ (MeV/c 2 ) 9.1 Fit Mass (MeV/c 2 ) ± 0.4 Fit Γ (MeV/c 2 ) Fixed to PDG Fit σ (MeV/c 2 ) ~ 2.5 Fit: 5th order pol. background + Voigtian p T bin (GeV/c) PDG Mass (MeV/c 2 ) PDG Γ (MeV/c 2 ) 9.1 Fit Mass (MeV/c 2 ) ± 0.4 Fit Γ (MeV/c 2 ) Fixed to PDG Fit σ (MeV/c 2 ) 2.0 ±
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