D + analysis in pp collisions
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1 D + analysis in pp collisions Giacomo Ortona INFN Torino Junior s Day (CERN) Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
2 Outline 1 Physics Motivation 2 Invariant Mass Analysis 3 Cuts sistematics study 4 Cross section normalization 5 Results and Summary Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
3 Physics Motivation Charm as QGP probe Why do ALICE care about charm? Charmed particles are a good probe for QGP: It is produced at the very beginning of the collision Follows the whole fireball evolution Interacts strongly with the medium Due to higher mass, it s harder to thermalize: strong test of thermalization In proton-proton collisions the study of heavy flavours is interesting too It provides a crucial reference for Pb-Pb data It s a test for pqcd predictions Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
4 Physics Motivation Open charm at ALICE: Energy loss The study of open charm particles (D 0,D +,D s,d,λ c,...) can bring helpful informations on the nature of QGP One of the main measurements is Energy loss Nuclear Modification factor: R AA (p t) = 1 <N coll > dn AA /dp t dn pp/dp t An R AA < 1, already observed at RHIC, has been interpeted as an effect of the parton energy loss in the medium R Dh (p t) = RD AA (pt ) is a probe for colour charge dependence of energy loss R AA h (pt ) R BD (p t) = RB AA (pt ) is a probe for mass dependence of energy loss R AA B (pt ) Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
5 Physics Motivation Open charm into hadrons At ALICE we study the open heavy flavour mesons in three different ways: D meson decaying via charged hadrons (K, π):central rapidity (D2H group) D and B mesons decaying via single electrons: central rapidity (HFE group) D and B mesons decaying via single muons: forward rapidity (PWG3-MUON group) The work in this presentation is done in collaboration with all the people of the D2H group Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
6 Physics Motivation Open charm into hadrons at ALICE Open charm in ALICE: Inner Tracking System (ITS): Vertexing Silicon Pixel Detector (SPD) Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) Time Projection Chamber (TPC): Tracking Time Of Flight (TOF): K /π id G. Ortona INFN Torino Junior s Day (CERN) D + analysis in pp collisions / 22
7 Analysis Strategy Physics Motivation Apply basic quality cuts to tracks (ITS and TPC refit, at least 70 clusters in TPC...) From invariant mass analysis of fully reconstructed decay topologies displaced from the interaction vertex extract the signal Estimation of feed down from Beauty Efficiency and acceptance corrections R. Bala Normalize and calculate the cross section Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
8 D+ channel Physics Motivation D + K π + π + Branching ratio 9.2% with a cτ 310µm D + K π + π + Triplets of charged tracks with right sign combination Large distance (cτ 310µm) between primary and secondary vertex Pointing of reconstructed D momentum to primary vertex Large impact parameter of the tracks conservative PID: Opposite sign particle CAN T be a Kaon Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
9 Invariant Mass Analysis Candidates reconstruction This work is being done jointly with R. Bala and F. Prino Build all the possible triplets with the correct sign combination passing very loose topological and single track cuts (minimum p t of the tracks, cosθ point, decay length, dispersion around secondary vertex...) having invariant mass near to D + invariant mass. No signal loss here. Huge combinatorial background to be reduced applying tighter cuts and PID Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
10 Invariant Mass Analysis Candidate selection Apply cuts to reduce combinatorial background. Main cuts are: Dispersion around secondary vertex (decay products of a real D + must come from the same secondary vertex) Distance between primary and secondary vertex Pointing angle of the reconstructed candidate towards the primary vertex of the event large value of the impact parameters ( d 2 0 ) Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
11 Invariant Mass Analysis Candidate selection: PID PID applied in conservative way in order to minimize the loss of signal, particles with no PID information are kept. We use jointly PID from TOF and TPC and we vary the PID response over p t. For the D + we know that the like sign particles must be pions and opposite sign must be kaons. TPC p t < 0.6GeV /c 0.6 < p t < 0.8GeV /c p t > 0.8GeV /c < 1σ IS K/π K/π COMPATIBLE 1 < σ < 2 IS K/π K/π COMPATIBLE 2 < σ < 3 K/π COMPATIBLE > 3σ K/π EXCLUDED TOF p t < 1.5GeV /c p t > 1.5GeV /c < 3σ IS K/π K/π COMPATIBLE > 3σ K/π EXCLUDED Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
12 Invariant Mass Analysis Invarian Mass spectra We can plot the invariant mass distribution of the candidates passing cuts and PID requirements. Then we perform a fit to extract the signal in different p t bins. pp s=7 TeV, events 2 Entries / 4 MeV/c D K + π + π ALICE Performance 1/10/ < p t < 3 GeV/c 2 Entries / 8 MeV/c < p t < 4 GeV/c Mean = ± Sigma = ± Entries / 8 MeV/c 60 4 < p < 5 GeV/c t Mean = ± Sigma = ± Mean = ± Sigma = ± Significance (3σ) 4.8 ± S (3σ) 117 ± B (3σ) 480 ± Invariant Mass (Kππ)[GeV/c ] 8 Significance (3σ) 5.9 ± S (3σ) 105 ± 18 B (3σ) 208 ± Invariant Mass (Kππ)[GeV/c ] 10 Significance (3σ) 6.3 ± 1.0 S (3σ) 109 ± 17 B (3σ) 192 ± Invariant Mass (Kππ)[GeV/c ] 2 Entries / 8 MeV/c 40 5 < p < 6 GeV/c t Mean = ± Sigma = ± Entries / 8 MeV/c 50 6 < p < 8 GeV/c t Mean = ± Sigma = ± Entries / 8 MeV/c < p t < 12 GeV/c Mean = ± Sigma = ± Significance (3σ) 5.0 ± S (3σ) 71 ± B (3σ) 134 ± Invariant Mass (Kππ)[GeV/c ] 10 Significance (3σ) 6.2 ± 1.0 S (3σ) 113 ± 19 B (3σ) 226 ± Invariant Mass (Kππ)[GeV/c ] 10 5 Significance (3σ) 5.6 ± 1.0 S (3σ) 95 ± 17 B (3σ) 195 ± Invariant Mass (Kππ)[GeV/c ] PWG3 D2H 023 Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
13 Some Checks Invariant Mass Analysis Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
14 Cuts sistematics study Significance maximization This work is being done jointly with R. Bala and F. Prino The cuts applied in the invariant mass analysis are selected in order S to maximize the significance S+B. A specific analysis task has been developed in order to test at the same time several different cuts combinations stored in multidimensional vector. Changes in the cut also affects the Signal/Background values there is a systematic error associated to the selection of the cuts Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
15 Cuts sistematics study Exploring the cuts space Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
16 Cut selection Cuts sistematics study As there is a systematic error associated to cut selection, the maximization of the significance is not the only issue: we want to select a region where cuts are mostly stable. Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
17 Cross section normalization From raw signal to cross section This work is being done jointly with Davide Caffarri One of the goal of D2H is to provide the cross section dσ/dp t for D mesons. We can extract the cross section from the raw yield using the formula: dσd (p t) dp t y<0.5 = y(p t) BR f c 1 ɛ c (N(p t ) raw f c (p t ): B feed-down correction y<0.5 ) σ CINT 1B N CINT 1B 1 ɛ c (p t) : correction for efficiency N(p t ) raw : Raw signal from the invariant mass fitter y<0.5 y(p t) σ CINT 1B N CINT 1B : Cross section σ CINT 1B measured from the VdM scans. The number of CINT1B events is counted for each decay channel through a common dedicated class. Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
18 Candles Cross section normalization An alternative way to calculate the cross section is to pass through a candle to estimate the total cross section. Then: y<0.5 tot = ND N inel σ inel = ND N candle ref N candle N V 0AND σ V 0AND dσ D (p t) dp t Definition of Candle: All events with candidate should have candle Should not be too sensitive to OCDB changes Should be stable with respect to V0AND and CINT1B over the different periods We want to use at least two methods to have a cross-check on the results. Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
19 Cross section normalization Stability over periods: Candidates candid(filter)/triggered Selections: EVENT:PILEUP Selections: EVENT:CANDID(FILTER) Entries e+08 Mean RMS candid(filter)/candles0.2 Entries 108 Mean RMS RUN Candidates over triggered events Candidates over Candles Decreasing trend can be explained by changes in SPD configuation Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
20 Cross section normalization Stability over periods: Candles Selections: EVENT:PILEUP Selections: EVENT:CANDLES0.2 candles0.2/triggered Entries e Mean RMS PileUp/triggered Entries e+07 Mean RMS Candles over triggered events RUN RUN Events tagged as pileup over triggered events (LHC10b period) 4% decrease of candle still not understood Systematic. The same tool is used to tag the fraction of events with pileup. Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
21 t + Results Results and Summary D [arb. un.] y <0.5 dn dp + D K π + π + ALICE Preliminary stat. errors only pp, s = 7 TeV 8 10 min. bias events Calculation: FONLL scaled to integral of data p [GeV/c] t PWG3 Preliminary 013 Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
22 Summary Results and Summary Part of the ongoing analysis for the analysis of D + in pp collisions has been shown This analysis is presently carried on with F. Prino and R. Bala from the Torino group as part of the D2H group The status of the analysis is quite advanced, we re waiting for more statistics available in AODs Junior s Day (CERN) / 22
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